Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

• Section 2 Metals

• Section 3 Nonmetals and Metalloids

What is a metal?

• On the board…describe a metal for me.

Metals

• Based on physical and chemical properties

• Physical

– Hardness- How hard a substance is

– Malleability- Can be pounded into shapes

– Ductility-Can be drawn into a thin wire

– Shininess- How bright an object is when a light is placed on it

Physical Properties Cont…

• Conductivity-Ability to conduct electricity

• Magnetic/nonmagnetic- Does it attract other metals with a magnetic field

• Iron Fillings

Chemical Properties

• Reactivity and corrosion

• Corrosion-wearing away of metal due to chemical reactions

– Reactive

• Iron and Rust

• Lithium and water

– Nonreactive

• Gold

• Chromium

Combining Metals

• Alloy-Combination of two or more metals– Best of both worlds

– Bronze=Copper and tin• Use the malleability of copper and strength of tin• The beginning of the bronze age

– Brass= Copper and zinc

– Stainless steel=Iron, carbon, chromium, and vanadium• Do not rust as quickly as normal iron

Metals in the Periodic Table

• Alkali Metals- Group 1

– Reactive due to having only one valence electron in its outer shell

– Sodium

– Potassium

• Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)

– Not as reactive as group 1 but more reactive then most metals

– Most common

• Magnesium-Plane parts and chemical processes

• Calcium-Bones and muscle use

• Transition Metals

– Tend to be shiny and good conductors of electricity

– React very slowly

• Iron-Gives blood red color

• Gold

• Nickle

• Silver

• Lanthanides and Actinides (Part of Period 6 and 7)

– Rare Earth elements

Lanthanides

• Soft, malleable, shiny metals that have high conductivity

• All have very similar properties

• Often found together in nature

Actinides

• Are very rare

– Only uranium and thorium exist in significant amounts

• Uranium-Nuclear power

– Are highly unstable and radioactive

– Anything beyond element 92 is created artificially

– Don’t tend to last very long

Determine protons, neutrons, electrons

• I have an element with a atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14.

• I have an element with a 3 neutrons and a mass of 4.

• I have an element with a 20 electrons and an atomic mass of 42.

• I have an element with a atomic number of 14 and an atomic mass of 30.

• I have an element with a atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12.

Nonmetals

• Located to the right of the zig-zag on the periodic table of elements

Physical Properties

• Lack most of the properties of metals

– Dull

– Brittle

– Low Density

– Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Chemical Properties

• Reactive-often form with other elements to form compounds

• Except group 18…due to that groups valence electrons

– Why?

Compounds of Nonmetals

• Metal with nonmetal

– Table salt

– Giving of a valence electron

• Nonmetal with nonmetal

– Diatomic molecules= O2, S2, H2

– Electrons are shared

Nonmetal Families

• Carbon Family (4 valence e-)

– Carbon forms building blocks of life

• Nitrogen Family (5 valence e-)

– Nitrogen needed for growth in plants (fertilizer and nerve gas)

• Oxygen Family (6 valence e-)

– Oxygen forms ozone and is needed for life

– Sulfur is used in paper production, gas leaks

• Halogen Family (7 valence e-)

– Chlorine used in swimming pools

• Noble Gases (8 valence e-)

– Lighting (neon signs)

• Hydrogen

– 90% of atoms in the universe, simplest atom

– 1% of earths composition

– Very reactive and explosive

Metalloids

• 7 elements

– Have some metal and nonmetal characteristics

– Often used for their ability to conduct/insulate electricity

• Semiconductors-can carry or insulate electricity depending on conditions