Metaphor

• 1. A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in “a sea of troubles” or “All the world's a stage” (Shakespeare).

Simile

• A comparison using like or as

• As pale as the moon

Metaphor or Simile

• The goalkeeper was like a rock.

• The goalkeeper was a rock.

Personification

• Gives human characteristics to objects, ideas, abstractions, or animals. – The mountains and hills break forth into

singing– All the trees of the field clap their hands

Metonymy

• An expression in which a related thing stands for the thing itself.

• "The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings.”

• "We have always remained loyal to the crown.”

• “He is a man of the cloth"

• In metonymic transference of meaning there may be:

• 1. The name of a receptacle used for its contents or the container for the thing contained: e.g. He ate three dishes/plates; the hall was applauding;

• 2. the name of a place used for its inhabitants; e.g. city, village;

• 3. The name of an instrument used for its function: e.g. the best pen of the day;

• 4) The sign for the thing signified: e.g. gray hair (old man) should he respected; from the cradle to the grave (from childhood to death);

Synecdoche

• An expression in which a part stands for the whole– The ship was lost with all hands – His parents bought him a new set of wheels