methamphetamine ppt

8/2/2019 Methamphetamine Ppt

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Methamphetamine

Hafsa Bilal

3009


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What is Methamphetamine?

Methamphetamine is a central nervous

system stimulant drug that is similar in

structure to amphetamine.

Also known as:

"speed", "ice", "meth", "crystal" and "crank"


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Mode of action

Methamphetamine acts on the pleasure

circuit in the brain

Causes the release of nuerotransmitters such

as Dopamine or NE, and blocks their

breakdown causing building up of DA and NE

which causes the feeling of Euphoria and

pleasure.


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Clinical uses

In treatment of ADHD

Exogenous obisity.


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Signs and symptoms of meth abuse:

Methamphetamine's negative effects include, but are notlimited to, the following:

Hyperactivity

Irritability

Visual hallucinations Auditory hallucinations (hearing "voices")

Suicidal tendencies

Aggression

Suspiciousness, severe paranoia Shortness of breath

Increased blood pressure

Cardiac arrhythmia


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Stroke

Sweating

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Long periods of sleep ("crashing" for 24-48 hours ormore)

Prolonged sluggishness, severe depression

Weight loss, malnutrition, anorexia

Itching (illusion that bugs are crawling on the skin)

Welts on the skin

Involuntary body movements

Paranoid delusions


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Physiological effects

abnormally high blood pressure

rapid and irregular heart rate and rhythm

seizures

damage to blood vessels in the brain (stroke)accumulation of excess fluid in lungs, brain tissue and skull

continuous/excessive dilation of the pupils

impaired regulation of heat loss

hyperpyrexia (body temperatures higher than 104)internal bleeding; damage to other organs caused by

disruption of blood flow

and breakdown of muscle tissue leading to kidney failure


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Routes of administration

Many different routes of administration are

used to take methamphetamine and it is

typically used in a cycle. The drug may be

snorted, smoked, orally ingested, or injected.


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Acute Use of Meth:

As a powerful stimulant, methamphetamine,even in small doses, can increase wakefulnessand physical activity and decrease appetite. Abrief, intense sensation, or rush, is reported by

those who smoke or inject methamphetamine.Oral ingestion or snorting produces a long-lastinghigh instead of a rush, which reportedly cancontinue for as long as half a day. Both the rush

and the high are believed to result from therelease of very high levels of theneurotransmitter dopamine into areas of thebrain that regulate feelings of pleasure


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Short term effect:

increased attention

decreased fatigue

increased activity decreased appetite

euphoria and rush

increased respiration hyperthermia


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What is addiction to meth?

Long-term methamphetamine abuse results in

many damaging effects, including addiction.

Addiction is a chronic, relapsing condition,

characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and

drug use which is accompanied by functional

and molecular changes in the brain


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Chronic abuse of Meth

chronic methamphetamine abusers exhibitsymptoms that can include violent behavior,anxiety, confusion, and insomnia. They also can

display a number of psychotic features, includingparanoia, auditory hallucinations, mooddisturbances, and delusions (for example, thesensation of insects creeping on the skin, called

"formication"). The paranoia can result inhomicidal as well as suicidal thoughts.


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Long term effect

Long-term effects of methamphetamine:

dependence

addiction psychosis

paranoia

hallucinations

mood disturbances

repetitive motor activity

stroke

weight loss


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withdrawal

an increased apetite. Symptoms may last fordays with occasional use and weeks or monthswith chronic use, with severity dependent on

the length of time and the amount ofmethamphetamine used. Withdrawalsymptoms may also includeanxiety, irritability,headaches,

agitation,akathisia,hypersomnia, (excessivesleep) vivid or lucid dreams. Deep REM sleepand suicidal ideation.


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Treatment of abuse

Outpatient behavioral therapies are the

standard treatment for methamphetamine

abuse and dependence, although inpatient

treatment is sometimes used.1 Cognitivebehavior therapy and contingency

management programs have been successfully

used in treating cocaine addiction and mayhave some benefit in treating

methamphetamine addiction
http://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1015/p1169.htmlhttp://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/1015/p1169.html


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methamphetamine ppt

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