method of study for this section
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Method of Study for This Section. Read assigned readings of text Use text readings and the Dynamic Human CD-ROM to help review structure of bones, joints, and muscles as necessary. This is the purpose of labs - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Method of Study for This Section
• Read assigned readings of text• Use text readings and the Dynamic Human CD-ROM to help review
structure of bones, joints, and muscles as necessary. This is the purpose of labs
• Complete labs conscientiously and study models of articulated skeleton, shoulder, spine, and knee
• Lecture will only provide a selective review of structure, muscles & movements. Focus will be on muscular analysis of movements and exercises and movement-related issues, such as common injuries.
• For exams, review lecture notes and understanding questions in both lecture and labs
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Sh Jt & Girdle Ant Musculature
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Sh Jt & Girdle Post Musculature
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Upper Extremity – Chapter 7
Shoulder Girdle Structure:
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Elevation and Depression
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Upward & Downward Rotation
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Protraction & Retraction
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Shoulder Joint Structure
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Shoulder Joint Stabilizers
• Stabilizers and rotators - Rotator cuff muscles – (Fig 7-5)– Teres minor - external rotation
– Infraspinatus - external rotation
– Supraspinatus - abduction
– Subscapularis - internal rotation
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Shoulder Joint Primary Movers
• Vector representation of muscle forces• Anterior movers – (Fig 7-13) Anterior deltoid,
pectoralis major• Superior movers - middle deltoid (Fig 7-11)
• Posterior movers - posterior deltoid (Fig 7-14)
• Inferior movers - latissimus dorsi, teres major, lower pectoralis m. (Fig 7-10, 7-12)
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Shoulder Jt Muscles
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Synergism of prime movers and rotator cuff muscles during arm abduction
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Shoulder Joint Impingement Syndrome• What is it? Pain from shoulder area resulting from impingement of
structures between humeral head, acromion, and coracromial arch. Three stages:
– Stage I - edema and hemorrhage of subacromial structures
– Stage II - tendon fibrosis and bursal thickening
– Stage III - rotator cuff tears, biceps tendon ruptures, and bone spurs
I: II: III:
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Sh Jt Impingement (2)• Good website:
MMG - Patient Education Impingement Syndrome
• Causes– Primary impingement:
• Repeated movements requiring elevated and/or medially rotated humerus, compounded by weak rotator cuff muscles, causing: impingement of long head of biceps, supraspinatus
– Secondary Impingement: • Decreased volume of subacromial space due to glenohumeral
joint instability, and perhaps joint capsular tightness
– Structural abnormalities:• hooked or curved acromion, calcium deposits, bone spurs,
thickened bursa, thickened ligaments
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Shoulder Jt Impingement (3)
• Treatment:– Related to the cause - may
involve surgery, rotator cuff strengthening, and flexibility exercises.
– Later, avoid humeral elevation and rotation movements.
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Elbow Joint Structure
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• Muscles of elbow joint:
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Elbow and Wrist Joint Muscles
• True Flexor - Brachialis• Flexor-Supinator - Biceps brachii• Extensor - Triceps brachii• Wrist flexors (medial epicondyle of humerus)
– Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis• Wrist extensors (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
– Extensor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi radialis
KIN 330 Biomechanics
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• Muscles of elbow joint:
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Radioulnar Jt Muscles
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Muscles and Movements of Radioulnar Joint
• Elbow Flexion - – Forearm Supination - Biceps Brachii– Forearm Pronation - Pronator Teres
• Elbow Extension - – Forearm Supination - Supinator– Forearm Pronation -Pronator Quadratus
• Epicondylitis– The most common cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), repetitive
stress injury (RSI), repetitive motion disorder (RMD), or overuse syndrome (OS) is epicondylitis
– Epicondylitis website:– MMG - Patient Education Cumulative Trauma Disorders TOC
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Radioulnar Jt Muscles
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Bones of Wrist and Hand
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome• Background
MMG - Patient Education Cumulative Trauma Disorders TOCCarpal tunnel includes median nerve and 9 flexor tendons ( 4 flex dig sup, 4 flex dig prof, 1 fl pol l)
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (cont’d)
• Symptoms– Pain in wrist area, or referred proximally or distally– Tingling of thumb, fingers, or palmar side of hand– Loss of control of muscles affected by median nerve blockage
• Causes– Enlargement of tissues within tunnel– Decreased size of tunnel– Extraneous tissue in tunnel
• Treatment– Related to cause
• Website for prevention of repetitive stress injury at computer workstations: CUergo: Neutral Posture Typing
KIN 330 Biomechanics
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Review Problems for Chapter 7
• Torque at shoulder with elbow flexed vs extended– Fig 7-15, 7-16
• Compressive force at shoulder jt– Fig 7-17, sample problem 1
• Elbow flexion force– Figure 7-26, sample problem 2
• Introductory problems, p 217: 5,6,8,9• Additional problems, p 217-218: 5,10
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Compressive force at shoulder joint
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Elbow flexor tension and Joint compressive force