Methodology for the life cycle assessment of clay masonry from energy and water consumption

Ballén Zamora, Sergio Alfonso; Medina Campos, Liliana; Hinestrosa Ayala, Luz Amparo; Cubides Pérez, Adriana; Ortega Morales, James

• High future vulnerability: water stress.

(IDEAM, 2014)

• GHG emissions future increasing

(MinAmbiente, 2017)

✓ Public Green Purchasing Policy (considering

EPD. MinAmbiente, 2017)

Restrictions

• Traditional Manufacture: Low income

families, artisanal (IDB-CAEM, 2011)

• Industrial Manufacture: Medium and Large

factories. Technological reconversion is

requiring (IDB-CAEM, 2011)

• Carbon intensive: Approx. 5% Total GHG

emissions (Coal, wood, natural gas. CONPES, 2017)

Production

• No official Base Line (Inventory)

• Inexistent or low access to industry data.

Colombia & Climate Change

htt

ph

ttp

s://

goo

.gl/

eJP

P8T

Use as Construction Material

Bogotá, Eastern area

Bogotá, Western area

Bogotá, Central area

Fuel Consumption per Manufacturer´s size

Source: CAEM 2015

77% 80%In 2013 In 2023

Source: UPME 2013 Source: UPME 2014

Demand Increasing

Brick: Background and reality in Colombia

1.Objective and scope

Dimensions • Width: 9 cm• Length: 22 cm• High: 32cm

Composition

• Clay 70%• Sand-Silt 25%• Pre-consumer Content 5%• Water

Weight• Initial 7 Kg• Dry 6,1 Kg• Baked 5,6 Kg

Functional Unit

Non structural masonry unit (1)Clay hollow brick No. 5

Reference Flux

Efficiency:13 clay hollow bricks/m2

Useful life: 60 years in a building

Scope LCA Cradle to Gate

htt

ph

ttp

s://

goo

.gl/

eJP

P8T

General Scope

Brick Features

Colombia Municipality: Cogua

Classification & Maturation

Transformation

Drying & Baking

Source: Arcillas de Colombia, 2016-2017

Source: Based on ISO 14040

Bogotá

Cundinamarca State

2. LC Inventory InputsClay Mining Classification and maturation Transformation Drying and baking

Raw materials:

Sand, Clay, Silt

Transport(A.C.P.M.)

Gallons

ThermalEnergy

(A.C.P.M.)Gallons

ThermalEnergy

(A.C.P.M.)Gallons

ElectricitykW

ElectricitykW

ElectricitykW

ElectricitykW

ElectricitykW

ThermalEnergy

(Coal) Tn

Water GIWater GI

Outputs

Extraction Transport Maturation Mixing (sand) Crushing MoldingHorizontal

DryingBaking Deposit

Atmospheric Emissions (air) - Hydric Emissions (water) - Emissions to Soil

3. Preliminary ResultsImpact Category

• Carbon Footprint ( GHG) • Water Footprint

Tools • SIMAPro Version 8 • ECOINVENT • Cumulative Energy Demand v 1.08• Water Scarcity. Pfister et al (2009)

1,18 Kg CO2 /unit2,5 kg H2O (drinking water)/unit

LCA EVALUATION – CML IA Baseline V 3.01

1. Chargoy, J.P et al (2009). Generación de inventarios para elAnálisis de Ciclo de Vida de cemento, block, bovedilla, viguetay ladrillo en la zona centro de México.

Energy Demand

0,3696 Kg H2O (rainwater)

/unit

Similar Studies – Mexico 1

Analyzing 1 kg 'Brick process {CO}'; Method: Pfister et al 2009 (Water Scaroty) V1.01 / Characterization

Water Demand Brick process {CO}

Extracted clay

Matured clay

Processed clay

Dry clay block

Cooked block

Finished block

block to deliver

Non renewable, fossil

Non-renewable, nudear

Non-renewable, biomass

Renewable, biomassRenewable, wind,

solar, geotheRenewable, water

WSI

Analyzing 1 kg 'Brick process {CO}'; Method: Cumulative Energy Demand

V 1.08 / Cumulative energy demand / Characterization

Abiotic depletionSbiotic depletion

(fossil fuels)Global warming

(GWP 100a)Ozone layer

Depletion (ODP)Human toxicity

Fresh waterAquatic ecotox

Marine aquatic ecotoxicity

Terrestrialecotoxicity

Photochemicaloxidation

Acidification Eutrophication

Impacts Evaluation Analyzing 1 kg 'Brick process {CO}'; Method: CML-IA baseline V3.01/EU25 / Characterization

Benefits

• Product’s comparison and processesoptimization.

• EPD• Competitiveness – Public Green Purchasing

Policy

Manufacturer - Arcillas de Colombia

• Sustainable Development knowledge enhancement.

• Applied research enhancement

Academy

Colombia

• Arguments to enhance public policiesformulation: Mining Activities andProduction

• Accomplishment to 20% emissions reductionby 2030 goal.

• SDG 9,11 and 12 compliance

Our Sustainable FutureConclusions

• Mining activities (clay extraction) are most

energy, water consumption and impacting

activities.

• Mixing, Crushing and Molding are the

second energy demanding and impacting

activities

• Baking activity is the third impacting

activity, mainly Eutrophication,

Acidification, Photochemical oxidation,

Global Warming and Human toxicity.

Thank you!

edisos@unicolmayor.edu.co+57 (1) 245 3751

Diagonal 34 # 5-71 Bogotá, COLOMBIA

Ballén Zamora, Sergio Alfonso

Medina Campos, Liliana

Hinestrosa Ayala, Luz Amparo

Cubides Pérez, Adriana

Ortega Morales, James

(Aux RSR) García, Oscar Mauricio

(CL RSR) Serrano, Adriana Marcela