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Drought: JOINT NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2016

Joint Needs Assessment Report- Drought in AP

This report contains the compilation of the JNA actions in the state of AP, India in the aftermath of drought situation affected 10 districts in State.

State Andhra PradeshJoint Need Assessment Report on Drought

May 2016


1. Executive Summary

2. Background

3. Relief Measures GO & NGO

4. Inherent capacities- traditional knowledge

5. Field Assessment----------------------------

6 Sector wise needs emerging

For Each Sector: (Major Heading)

I. Situation Analysis

II. Assessment Findings

6.1 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)----

6.2 ---

6.3 Food, Nutrition& Livelihood

6.4 Health

6.5 Education

6.6 Protection

7. Recommendation………………………………………………………

7.1 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

7.2

7.3 Food,Nutrition& Livelihood ----

7.4 Health---

7.5 Education

7.6 Protection ---

8. Assessment Methodology:

8.1 Methodology:


8.2 Tools

8.3 Training on JNA Tools

9. Annexures:

9.1 Assessment Areas& Teams………………………………………

9.2 District Assessment Format

9.3 Village Assessment Format

9.4 Photographs from the Field:

9.5 Contacts of the Key stakeholders:

9.6 Secondary data- demographic

9.7 Govt entitlements for Drought Relief.:

Overall Compilation

IAG AP, UNICEF, AP & Sphere India

Timeline:

Photographs from the field


1. Executive Summary

Out of many states of India, Andhra Pradesh is also equally affected by drought. 10 districts out of 13 have been declared as drought affected. In 2015, the average annual rainfall declined by 5.4%. More than 80% areas of District Anantpur, Kadappa, Prakasam and Nellore have been hit by drought this year.

Five districts Vishakhapatnam, Anantpuram, Prakasam, Srikakulam and Guntoor were taken as sample for conducting the assessment on drought by taking 2 worst affected mandals from each block and 2 villages from each mandals through simple random sample method.

The critical needs have been come out under Food, Nutrition, Livelihood, WASH, Protection and Health where immediate and long term planning is required equally.

2. Background

Vulnerability of Andhra Pradesh:

Andhra Pradesh has got a coastline of around 972 km, which gives it the 2nd longest coastline in India. Two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna run across the state. Andhra Pradesh is exposed to cyclones, storm surges, floods and droughts. Every two to three years, experiences a moderate to severe intensity cyclone or landfall. It has been estimated that about 44 percent of AP's total territory is vulnerable to tropical storms and related hazards, while its coastal belt is likely to be the most vulnerable region in India to these natural phenomena. The regular occurrence of Disasters both Natural and Manmade in Coastal Andhra pradesh in India has had a series of repercussions on the state and country’s Economy, its development policies and political equilibrium and daily life of millions of Indians.

Earthquakes in the recent past have occurred along and off the coast line and in regions in the Godavari river valley. Social and economic life of AP's population is characterized by recurring natural disasters.

Five districts in Coastal AP. four districts in Rayalaseema experience drought. Along the coastline, the section between Nizampatnam and Machilipatnam is the most prone to storm surges. The fertile Delta areas of the Godavari and the Krishna rivers, which contribute substantially to the state's economic prosperity, face flood and drainage problems, and more so in the aftermath of cyclones.

The climate change condition, fast urbanization, decrease of natural forestry and agricultural lands and other social problems adding to the increased loss in disaster situations.

Water is the key factor for crop production in dry land. Inadequate and uncertain rainfall often cause partial or complete failure of the crops, which leads to a period of scarcities and famines. Therefore, life of both human being and cattle in such areas becomes difficult and insecure. The uncertainty in rainfall, flood and attack of pests and diseases increase the uncertainty in crop revenue, which is mainly due to reduced crop yield.


Declaration of drought:

State Government has been following a well laid down procedure for declaration of Drought. Mandal is taken as the unit for declaration of Drought.

Following norms / criteria are observed for declaration of Drought affected mandals as per GOAP Manual.

1) NORMS FOR DECLARATION OF DROUGHT AFFECTED MANDALS

i) Deficiency in rainfall of 25% and above in Mandals where the annual normal rainfall is more than 999.9 mm., 20% and above in Mandals where the annual normal rainfall is 750 mm to 999.9 mm, and 15% and above in mandals where the annual normal rainfall is less than 750 mm.

ii) Compression/reduction in the cropped areas by 50% and above under all principal crops.

iii) Normal reduction in crop yields by 50% and above compared to average yields in the preceding 5 years. However in case of high input oriented (seed rate heavy and cost also prohibitive) crops like Groundnut, Bengal gram, Hybrid sunflower etc., reduction in yield of 40% and above also should be reckoned as affected by drought.iv) Dry spells and its impact on crop damages. For considering declaration of drought, out of the (4) norms suggested, the first norm of rainfall deficiency must be compulsory and out of the remaining (3) norms, any two norms must be fulfilled.

Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India has mentioned the following 4 key Indices to be examined for Drought Declaration in the “Manual for Drought Management” published in November-2009.

a) Key Index 1: Rainfall Deficiencyb) Key Index 2: Area under Sowingc) Key Index 3: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)d) Key Index 4: Moisture Adequacy Index (MAI)

Since the information on these indicators and indices are available at the level of Tehsil, drought may be declared by the State Government at the level of these administrative units on the basis of observed deficiencies.

2013 2014 2015-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Rainfall Graph in mm. AP Since 2012

Axis Title


At least three indicators or index values could be considered for drought declaration.

After detailed examination of the reports sent by the Collectors concerned on the above parameters drought declaration notification was issued by the Government.

Drought situation in Andhra Pradesh

Total No. of Districts and Blocks Affected

10 Districts out of 13 and 351 blocks out of (GO List is attached)

Majorly Affected Districts

Anantapur, Kurnool, YSR Kadapa, Chittoor, Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna, Guntur, Vijayanagarm and East Godawari

No. of Villages Affected 965

No. of Habitation affected

1056

Population Affected ******

Crop Area Affected ******


ANANTAPUR

KURNOOL

YSR KADAPA

CHITTOOR

NELLORE

PRAKASAM

KRISHNA

GUNTUR

VIJAYA

NAGARAM

SRIKAKULA

M

EAST

GODAWARI

WEST GODAW

ARI

VISAKAPATN

AM0

20406080

100120

6354 51

66

4656 50

57

34 38

6448 43

63

4051 55

33

56

1426

318

0 0 0

100.00

74.07

100.0083.33

71.74

100.00

28.0045.61

8.82

47.37

0.00 0.00 0.00

Andhra Pradesh Drought Situation - 2015

TOTAL MANDALS DROUGHT HIT Percentage

During past 21 years Andhra Pradesh state has experienced 16 years drought conditions

DISTRICTS

TOTAL MANDALS

95-96

96-97

97-98

98-99

99-2000

20-01

01-02

02-03

03-04

04-05

05-06

06-07

07-08

08-09

09-10

10-11

11-12

12-13

13-14

14-15

15-16

SRIKAKULAM 38 11 37 36 16 38 28 11 8 26 30

18

VIJAYANAGARAM 34 2 34 34 17 34 34 11 6 19 15 5 3VISAKAPATTANAM 43 41 28 42 42 7 7 42 31EAST GODAWARI 60 17 5 11 45 53 3 20 58 14WEST GODAWARI 46 10 24 42 10 25 46 15

KRISHNA 50 20 33 50 13 21 49 3214

GUNTUR 57 37 7 53 57 1 24 55 41 4 426

PRAKASAM 56 52 56 56 43 56 39 53 32 56 56 35 4

54

56

NELLORE 46 43 36 46 18 46 46 40 40 46 9 9 2 733

CHITTOOR 66 66 32 65 45 65 65 42 56 37 66 49 28 33

42

55

KADAPA 51 37 50 51 5 51 51 32 49 33 51 51 43 1648

51

ANANTAPUR 63 63 63 63 63 62 53 63 63 63 63 63

63

63

KURNOOL 54 54 53 52 54 31 46 30 49 54 3612

40

66419

8 13 487 0 44411

258

9 641 302 408 0 195 0 062

6 046

021

812

3

230

359

1

1 Memorandum on drought in Andhra Pradesh – 2014 revenue (disaster management) department February - 2015

0100200300400500600700

670

359

53.58%


3. Relief Measures-GO & NGO

Long term relief measures:

I. Neeru Chettu

Government of Andhra Pradesh has initiated the Neeru Chettu project to improve the ground water level, agriculture productivity, environmental sustainability and to mitigate drought in vulnerable Mandals.

OBJECTIVES:

To drought proof the dry areas through conservation of water and ensure its optimum utilization for supplementing life saving irrigation and drinking water sources through integrated water resources development and management.

To bring all catchments and command areas of the irrigation sources under assured irrigation by rehabilitating them with watershed concept in a demand driven mode.

To reduce the gap Ayacut by 50% in the next 5 years by increasing water availability and improving water use efficiency in irrigated areas.

To treat the degraded lands and increase the area under green cover and density of the existing forests in a systematic manner to achieve “Green Andhra”.

To increase the area under production, the productivity and the incomes by strengthening the local self government institutions.

MAJOR INTERVENTIONS/ACTIVITIES:

Water Conservation & Management:

De-silting of tanks and breach restoration. Restoration of cascades, renovation of tanks and construction of new water

harvesting structures by using latest remote sensing technology provided by APSRAC.

Catchment area treatment to prevent soil erosion and water conservation. Training of engineers and other staff on Neeru – Chettu programme.

Better water management through improved agricultural practices including cropping practice as envisaged in the project profile.

Better monitoring of water conservation by Information Technology enabled Management Information System (MIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).

Conducting the water balance studies. Diverting water from surplus basins to deficit basins. Carrying out the inventory of existing water harvesting structures. Conducting repairs to the water harvesting structures where needed.

Construction of recharge pits for roof water harvesting (especially in urban areas).

Plantations:


Avenue plantations, Plantations in open spaces, canal banks, village community lands, and tank foreshores, Institutional plantations (government office, Pvt. Institutions, schools, colleges etc), and Homestead planting

Tree planting in degraded forest lands, barren hills, silvi-pasture lands, arid zones etc

Planting in farmers’ lands and farm bunds Raising plantations of timber, fruit and fodder bearing species in forest areas

Tending and cultural operations in degraded forest areas to improve the quality and density of scrub and open forest along with creation and maintenance of fire lines.

STRATEGY/APPROACH:

Optimizing conjunctive use of surface irrigation and groundwater to enhance primary sector productivity.

Increasing availability of water through maximum storage in the available reservoirs in major, medium and minor systems by reducing run-off to the sea by integrated ridge to valley watershed management including catchment area treatment.

Increasing groundwater recharge through formation of rainwater harvesting structures such as check dams, percolation tanks, minor irrigation tanks and structures such as sub-surface dams and farm ponds.

Adopting water conservation and management practices such as participatory irrigation management, participatory groundwater management, adopting dry land farming, and promoting micro-irrigation practices, adopting appropriate cropping and cultivation practice.

Treatment of forest areas in a scientific way by utilizing GIS and MIS. Following ridge to valley approach for arresting soil erosion and harvesting rain

water as per watershed methodology for treating river basins / sub basins.

II. RIVERS LINKAGE

Andhra Pradesh has taken the historic step of interlinking its two major rivers, Godavari and Krishna, a development that is being seen as a boon for farmers of Krishna delta who face intense water scarcity. The interlinking, following the commissioning of Pattiseema lift irrigation project in Krishna district, involves diversion of about 80 TMC of water from Godavari River to Krishna via a canal.

The interlinking and a paylon has inaugurated at Ibrahimpatnam near Vijaywada where the Godavari's water, flowing from the neighboring West Godavari district, was linked to Krishna.

The project is expected to meet the irrigation and drinking water needs of drought-prone Rayalseema region and also bring stabilization under Krishna delta.


The development is seen as a boon for the farmers in the Krishna delta, mainly those in Krishna and Guntur districts, which have been facing acute shortage of water after Karnataka allegedly raised the height of the Almatti project. Almatti dam is a hydroelectric project on Krishna river in north Karnataka which was completed in July 2005.

The government has been carrying out a trial run, pumping water into the canal from the Tadipudi lift irrigation project of the Godavari. The project is hugely significant as around 3,000 TMC of Godavari's flood water every year flows into the Bay of Bengal and hence is wasted.

With the formal launch of the Pattiseema lift irrigation scheme in Andhra Pradesh, India a step forward in its ambitious but long-pending goal to interlink major rivers to form a national water grid. The Pattiseema project lifts flood water from the river Godavari and pumps it into the Polavaram right canal that empties into the river Krishna in Vijayawada.Thousands of farmers in Krishna, Guntur, Prakasam, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur and Chittoor districts will benefit from the Godavari-Krishna linkage. About 17 lakh acres

Format C28 -Measures taken by the State to mitigate rural drinking water scarcity situation (cumulative till date) in prevailing drought situation

As on 10-05-2016

S.No. State

Reporting Date

No of

Districts affected

No of Villages affected

No of Habitations affected

No of Handpu

mps repaired/Restore

d includin

g Hydrofr

acturing, flushing

etc.

No of

Pvt.

Borwells

hired

Riser pipes

used in running meters (Increased/Replenished) in

Handpumps

No of

New borewell

s commissione

d

No of Temporary

PWS

from

water

bodies

No of

Tanker

s Trips

used

No of

Habitations covered by the tanker

s

1

ANDHRA PRADESH

09-05-16 10 965

1056 23613

137 32373 599 0

4578 930

2 BIHAR09-

05-16 19 160 350 21453 5 40892277

1 0 531 53

3CHATTISGARH

09-05-16 25

16134

60332 143344 4 193440 5572 0 2 1

4 GUJARAT10-

05-16 8 0 994 122768 22 101494 7111 7793

91 869

5HARYANA

10-05-16 10 93 95 10 12 268 55 0 174 104

6JHARKHAND

09-05-16 24

29577

119667 95735 0 600552 5225 0 543 19

7KARNATAKA

06-05-16 27 7567

15012 1229 45 0 5098 0

3818

1109

8 MADHYA 07- 46 4740 112 234001 21 359087 4978 0 0 133


PRADESH 05-16 2 810 8

9MAHARASHTRA

28-04-16 33

18627

20004 15042

7104 35485 2048 189

14300

9221

10 ODISHA09-

05-16 272907

7968

26 68812 2 82216 1985 2447

34233

9

11RAJASTHAN

09-05-16 25 1375

2284 22928 0 34978 160 0

50547

1375

12TELANGANA

04-05-16 9 7228

14850 15707

6858 36134 2068

1215

11052

3870

13UTTAR PRADESH

26-04-16 50 0 0 168718 0 0 58 0 96 90

Total 313

158205

444280

9333601440

7

1480116

57728

1413

209766

20113

including 13 lakhs in the Krishna delta will get assured irrigation water for two agricultural crops round the year. Thousands of villages en route will get drinking water supplies.

Short term relief measures:

32 cores has been released for fodder ent of AP has released 32 crores for fodder 23,150 crores released for loan weavers for formers in Andhra Pradesh Additional 50 days of MGNREGA works are being implemented in 465 mandals 41 crores released for drinking water supply in Municipalities CM has announced targeted of 8.50 lakhs farmponds (PANTA KUNTALU) to storage

the rain water inside the cultivation lands. Daily wage has been increased to 194 (50% increased) Supplying water for 850 villages with tankers and supplying water in many other

villages by voluntary organizations, corporate and nearby private role players Reconstructing 40 thousands ponds in Andhra Pradesh

2

4. Inherent Capacity of People & Traditional Knowledge:

Andhra Pradesh State, annually producing about 140.27 Lakh Metric Tons of Foodgrains (2012-13), is an important State in Nation’s Food Production. With about 49.38 Million Population, most of whom live in rural areas, agriculture is the main stay of their livelihood. 50.6 % of State’s Main workforce is engaged in Agriculture & allied activities and Agriculture and allied Sectors accounts for 27.30 % of Gross State domestic product (GSDP) at current price.As per the World Agriculture Census (WAC) 2010-11, in Andhra Pradesh 7.62 million farmers of which 86.29% are Small and Marginal Farmers. With more than 50% of unirrigated area under cultivation, agriculture continues to be monsoon dependant, primarily on South West Monsoon (SWM) through which State receives 2/3 of its rainfall.

2 Form C 28: http://indiawater.gov.in/imisreports/NRDWPSubMain.aspx?Rep=55&t=C

http://indiawater.gov.in/imisreports/NRDWPSubMain.aspx?Rep=55&t=C


The State with 5 chronically drought prone districts (viz., Ananthapur, YSR Kadapa, Chittoor, Kurnool, and Prakasam) out of 13 districts.

In recent years, drought and other natural calamities have adversely affected the State’s economy and its people. Since the calendar years 2010, the State has been affected by 13 natural calamities, viz., Laila Cyclone (May 2010), Heavy rains (South-West Monsoon 2010), Jal Cyclone (October- November-2010), Depression (December, 2010),Thane Cyclone (December – 2011), Drought (Kharif 2011), Nilam Cyclone (Oct-Nov-2012), Drought (Kharif-2012), Unseasonal Heavy Rains (Feb-2013), Phailin Cyclone (October- 2013), Heavy Rains / floods (October-2013), Helen Cyclone (November-2013) and Leher Cyclone (November-2013) affecting the livelihood of many families. During current year, the State experienced unprecedented loss in 4 North Coastal District due to Very Severe Cyclone “HUDHUD” Cyclone in October-2014. The State Govt has released an aggregate amount of Rs. 7391.13 Crores sofar in respect of the calamities since 2010, which is inclusive of Rs. 5011.97 Crores of SDRF annual allocation and releases from NDRF, imposing an addition financial burden of Rs. 2379.16 Cr on the State exchequer

5. Field Assessment:

In view of the drought and the rising critical situations, the IAG AP met on 18th April for the multi stakeholder meeting in which members shared their support and work in for coping with drought. It was decided in the meeting to undertake a systematic Joint Need Assessment as first step to understand the situation and take further appropriate steps. Subsequently the Joint Need Assessment was carried out in 05 districts of AP (taken as sample), Vishakhapatna, Sri kakulam, Prakasam, Guntur and Anantpuram. JNA process was started with the orientation meeting and training on data collection of the district assessment teams. The district, blocks and villages were selected on the random sampling basis. Assessment started from 21st April through data collection at village level jointly by humanitarian NGOs/INGOs active in those areas. Detail of NGOs is given in end of report. The assessment included key informant interviews with government departments at district level and focussed group discussions in communities. In all, total 05 key informant interviews were conducted and 20 FGDs were undertaken to collect data.

6. Sector Wise Needs Emerging:

6.1WASH

Situation Analysis

The impact of drought on WASH in drought prone districts in Andhra Pradesh state crippled the WASH services and increased diseases and increased financial burden to the poor families.


Assessment Findings The existing drinking water points such as open wells, hand pumps, bore wells and

open ponds have been dried up due to summer, no sufficient rains in last year, severe heat waves and ground water table have gone down further.

The public water taps/Overhead tanks/drinking water systems stopped to pumping drinking water to the public through pipe due to dried up water sources/ponds. Especially the main source of drinking water comes from Krishna and Godavari Rivers fail to supply water due to insufficient flow of water in rivers and insufficient rains last year in nearest state of Maharastra.

Accessibility of drinking water to remote villages was very low due to the acute shortage of drinking water especially in Ananthapur, Prakasam and Visaka (tribal) districts in AP.

The existing water sources in some villages in coastal communities was found to have increased salinity.

Govt. And NGOs are supplying water through tankers in some locations where there is acute shortage of drinking water and people are carrying water from faraway locations.

The people normally store water in steel/aluminium/Cement/Plastic vessels/pots/drum, based on the family size/economic status. These will be sufficient to store water for entire family needs for one day.

80% of families have open defecation practice. It was observed that lot of houseflies were around the houses. Waste was dumped on the roadside and around house premises. Diarrhoea, cough, cold, skin diseases, dysentery was observed among children and

adults due to poor sanitation facilities and services and lack of hygiene knowledge. Poor WASH facilities in schools and Anganwadi centres were too observed.

6.2Shelter

Situation Analysis

The villagers are suffering from drought continuously and due to un-seasonal erratic rains over the last decade that have broken the backbone of small, marginalized, landless farmers and farm labours. Crop loss leading to mounting indebtedness, unavailability of farm or other local employment opportunities and drinking water crisis in the drought affected villages of AP forcing people to migrate to others states, districts like West Godavari, Bheemavaram and cities like Chennai for shelter and employment. Fodder and water for cattle is another major problem of the villages due to the drought.

Assessment Findings


The migrated people are working as casual labours or mason in building construction sites, small factories in the cities like Chennai and those who are migrated to West Godavari district and Bheemavaram worked in aqua culture forms. The workers are taking up any casual daily wage labour nearer to work place, by putting tents & ash- buster sheets with absence of basic NFI.

In Prakasam district the migrated labours workers were not able stay inside their houses during the day time due to high heat generated from their temporary sheds roofed by tin sheet/Asbestoes as well as by the heat wave in the district.

Women fear their security because there is no proper accommodation available in the cities. Most workers live at the construction site with a temporary sheds and there is no privacy for women posing risk of harassment.

52% of the people have enough safe space in their houses for storage of crops and fodder while 48% do not have enough space. But due to crop loss and inadequate availability of fodder most of these spaces are empty or low in stock.

6.3Food, Nutrition & Livelihood

Assessment Findings:

Food Security: Food security is the sum total of access, affordability and appropriate use of food. The Joint Need Assessments carried out at Vishakhapatnam, Srikakulam, Anantapuram, Guntur and Prakasam districts indicate a grim situation as far as food security of the drought affected communities.

Situation Analysis: More than three-fourth of assessed HHs have reported the unavailability of the food.

Maximum people only have the food for 1-3 weeks. Most of them expressed that the special nutritional needs of children, women and the

elderly could not be met. In 85% of assessed villages, respondents have mentioned that food consumption is

significantly reduced as drought has affected the food consumption very adversely. 100 % women have mentioned that there was a significant reduction in food

consumption, 85% men and 65% children claimed of reduction of food intake. Market conditions in the affected area have been badly affected due to drought, many

are partly functional and partly accessible where more than half of the shops doesn’t have the enough food stock.


The prices have significantly increased that has affected the purchase and consumption of food items by the people in this drought like condition having affected livelihood system.

There has been significant reduction in food consumption among the people in the villages which indicates the food security and social protection of the communities are at risk.

Since the food consumption pattern has been reduced also among the children there is need to further asses the mental health status of children affected by the heat wave and drought situation.

Crop and livestock: The direct effect of drought is on the agriculture sector. Joint need assessment has

affirmed that 90% respondents mentioned that crops were severely to moderately damage due to drought. Where 75% of respondents have not received any kind of subsidy or relief from government under drought relief package.

Total 962 HHs have reported that their livestock have been affected by the drought. Fodder availability for livestock is also affected. 45% of the respondents mentioned that

fodder availability is severely affected and another 40% said it is moderately affected. 99 % households responded that they had not received any Government relief

regarding fodder /livestock. These alarming conditions have affected the livelihoods of men and women both.

6.4Health

Situation Analysis:

It was found that Sub-centre or PHC is not available at village level in many of the villages. ANM visits periodically. No special medical camps during the drought has been conducted. Cases of malaria and diarrhea are more especially in these days. Health of community, old, children, women and working people in the scorching heat have been severely got affected due to heat wave prevailing in the state.

Assessment Findings: In the selected districts of AP during assessment, it was found that ASHA workers

and informal provider are more than 80%. They are providing basic medicines, routine immunization,

25%

60%

10%5%

Availability of Food at HHs

Less than a week 1-3 Weeks1 Month More than 1 Month


PHCs, Health sub centers, doctors are very less in number. In some villages

PHC is 15 km away from the village which is serious concern for villagers during emergency medical situation.

About 35-40% of villages in the selected districts have reported regular medical camps coming for routine check-up and free medical aid to the needy community.

The situation of malnutrition among children is going to get worsen if the drought situation remains same.

6.5Education

Situation Analysis

The impact of drought on education can be noticed in the number of school dropouts and poor attendance, even teachers are available but the Education loses its priority as the need for survival takes precedence.

Assessment Findings Children are going to school/ educational institutions during drought situation with

poor attendance, they accompanying their parents for labour activities. Government of Andhra Pradesh declared holidays for schools from 23 rd April’16

onwards due to severe effects of heatwaves. However, it has been found that Mid-day meal is being available in all the schools. Most of the schools are facilitated for drinking water in the school premises but it was

noticed no proper drinking water supply available for children.

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

35%45%

35%20%

55%

80% 88%

Health Facilities at Village Level

Malnutrition

Communicable diseases

No underlying concerns

Dehydration

Diarrhoea

Respiratory infection

Fever with rashes

Other

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%65%

10%10%10%

20%10%

15%5%

Health Concern Likely to get Worsen


Some villagers have migrated along with their family due to adverse effects of the drought, that has affected the schooling of those children.

Anganwadi centres are kept opened, but the children are not interested due to poor water and sanitation conditions at AW Centres.

The indirect effects on education are ill health, malnutrition, poor sanitation and the need to support women (mothers and sisters) to fetch water or to take care of household chores.

The long term impact of drought on education are school dropouts ( more among girl child), difficulty to adapt after intermittent absenteeism during academic year

It is challenging for the teachers too to persuade families to send the children to school.

6.6ProtectionSituation Analysis

Drought and heat wave situation has a tangible effect on the community as a whole and specifically on child.

There has been evidence of conflict and violence among intra and inter villages for fetching of water.

The migration is common in many villages but the current situation has aggravated the practice and hence increased the risk of social security of the people especially the children at migrated places.

Assessment Findings

People from 12 out of 18 surveyed villages confirmed on increase in the inter-state migration due to drought.

Though only 5 out of 18 villages confirmed on human/child trafficking in present situation but since 12 villages have indicated on migration, further closer analysis might require to find out the pattern of migration.

50% of the assessed villages have confirmed that because of the drought situation children below 14 from their villages have entered in to labour work.

11 out of 18 communities confirmed that the people with special need and the elderly people are at more risk because of the present situation.

Approximately 30% of the surveyed villages confirmed that there has been increase of domestic as well as community conflict owing to the drought situation.

Though open defecation seems to be a practice among the surveyed communities but in the present context people from surveyed communities feel there has been increase of risk towards the protection of women and adolescent girls.

Since the schools are closed because of summer and many of the parents are on migration one need to see where the children spending their maximum time to further asses on the various forms of child abuse in the communities.


7. Recommendations

7.1 WASH

Immediate

S. No Recommendations Advantages Expected impact

1 Immediate supply of water for families through tankers or any other methods to acute shortage of water areas for dinking, household and animals.

Improve and support the health and sanitation services.

Decrease diseases

2 Need to arrange water storage tanks to people and animals at public places and keep enough water in them. Proper cleaning and monitoring of water quality.

Improve accessibility Improve sanitation services and decrease diseases.

3 Run mobile medical camps Control diseases Reduce deaths and reduce medical expenses.

Take measures to improve sanitation services in communities, schools and anganwadi centers especially kill/decrease population of houseflies and mosquitoes and Vector control measures. Especially repair pipe lines, toilets, hand wash basins with soap and urinary rooms with water facility. Ladies napkins and safe disposal of used napkins facility.

Decrease school dropouts and increase health of the children

Improve health and increase girls attendance

4 Need to develop safe water facilities such as water

Store enough water for all families

Reduce the


reserve/storage facilities in every community.

throughout the year impact of drought

5 Make special arrangements to make maximum use of rain water and Deepening or expand the existing water bodies.

Recharge existing bore wells, bore pumps, open wells and hand pumps and yield water throughout the year

Increase ground water table and reduce drought effects

6 Develop rain water harvesting systems; make recharge pits/pipes to recharge rain water in ground, existing bores/bore wells, hand pumps and increase ground water table.

Recharge existing bore wells, bore pumps, open wells and hand pumps and yield water throughout the year

Increase ground water table and reduce drought effects.

7 Develop low cost, waterless/bio toilets in drought prone areas and encourage families to construct individual toilets under Govt.’s financial support schemes

Control biological related diseases.

Improve the health of the society

8 Take immediate steps to improve the water quality measures such as water purification methods, creating public awareness on how to purify water and provide water purification tablets/sachets/Chlorination

Control waterborne and water related diseases.

People access to safe and potable water

9 Educate community on sanitation and hygiene promotion especially proper disposal of solid waste such as Agricultural, household and animal wastes.

improve clean sanitation services in the community

Decrease vector borne diseases


10 Create public awareness on importance of water-collection, storage, usage, recharge ground water, rainwater harvesting and water and soil conservation.

Accessibility, quality of water and provide enough water for all the families.

Decrease acute shortage of water

7.2 Shelter

Urgent/ Immediate Mid Term Long Term

Cash for work programmes to support the community migrating to other areas in need of livelihood

To support the families migrated to other cities and states.

Provision for suitable living spaces for the migrants came to host community

7.3Food, Nutrition & Livelihood


Dry ration and food items need to be provided to poor households.

Need to develop and implement a plan for Emergency Cash Transfers to all the affected households for the next six months (with a special focus on the bundelkhand tribal population) in order to address food insecurity.

There is a strong need for rehabilitation of the irrigation infrastructures and reactivation of the food security early-warning system


Compensation /relief package need to be immediately provided to the farmers who crops has been damaged

Implementation of community-based programs for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition

Inadequacy of fodder has compelled the people to leave their livestock and immediate response/ relief is required to address this problem.

Need to strengthen referral of children suffering from severe acute malnutrition at NRCs.

Government should be encouraged to complement the nutrition interventions with food or emergency cash transfers for the mothers of children admitted to NRCs.

Livelihood of the affected population, NGOs can make provision of agricultural inputs, including seeds, small equipments etc. in the form of relief package.

7.4 Health


Immediate instalment of health/medical camps at village level for routine check up

PHC should be available and fully functional at village level

Regular monitoring of functioning of PHC & CHC by health department

Distribution of dignity kits in the villages

Distribution of bleaching powder for water sources to avoid any kind of health issues.


7.5 Education

Immediate

S.No Recommendations Advantages Impact on Education

1 Water supply at schools on regular basis

Attendance was improved

Retention of children

2 Child Friendly Spaces with adequate facilities for drinking and toilet facilities in school premises

Migration will be stopped

Quality of education was improved among Children

3 Regular provision of Mid-day meal

4 Supply of hygiene kits Mitigate the girl child drop outs

Promoted girl child education

Long Term

S.No Recommendations Advantages Impact on Education

1 Psycho social support to children

Attendance was improved

Retention of children

2 Linking adolescent children migrated to other areas with educational institutions

prevented to get involved in child labours etc.

Quality of education was improved among Children

3 Rain Water Harvesting at schools with different techniques of water storage and restoration

Making water available for toilets

4 Education to children to Grow green field at Improved quality


grow more trees schools as model of education

7.6Protection


To deal with the conflict in communities as well as providing potable water to the affected communities, coordination with the local panchayats/RWS department by the civil societies is very much essential as a protection issue.

Food for work program could be very much effective to provide food as well as social security to the affected communities. Need to link the communities with MNREGA for further food security.

Setting up strong village development committees with capacitated knowledge on community surveillance and coordination with local bodies will help the communities to deal with such situation in future.

Local police department need to be informed on the trafficking situation. Similarly coordination with the labour department is essential to rescue and protect the children from labour work.

Non formal education and recreational classes could be organised at the communities to keep the children engaged during the summer.

Formation/strengthening of village child protection committee under ICPS is a must to prevent all kinds of child abuse including the child trafficking and child labour.

Raising awareness among the police, education department on the POSCO and other similar acts

Process of child rights violation reporting

Child line and other organization on board

8. Assessment Methodology:


8.1Methodology: Identification of worst affected district in the state based upon primary and

secondary data available Orientation meeting at district level for further identification of worst affected

Tehsils/Blocks/Panchayat/village in consultation with Deputy Commissioners/District EOC/Emergency Officer/BDO/NGOs Local partners

Training to Assessment teams on JNA tools in detail. Team formation district wise jointly by active interested organizations Field assessment with FGD, interview’s, Geo-tagging pictures Data entry/compilation Data analysis and Reporting by the lead organisation Draft JNA circulation with sectoral experts Final JNA Report

8.2Tools District JNA Tool Village JNA Tool- English & Hindi Version

8.3Training on JNA Tools- Assessment teams received training by IAG AP Coordinator and Lead Agencies

Experts at State Level on how to use tool/formats and FGD process at Village level.

8.4Field Assessment (21st April to 26th April) No of Districts= 5 No. of Villages Covered= 21

6 ANNEXURES

.1 Assessment Areas

S.No. DistrictVillage District Compilation

Supporting agency

Contact Name and Number

1 Ananth pur 4 Action aidMr. Rajasekhar-9440235978

2 Guntur 4 1 WVI Mr. Alexander- 94937706083 Prakasam 4 WVI

4 Srikakulam 1 Save the ChildrenMr. Siaviah-9866555615


5 Vizag 2 1 Action aidMr. Rajasekhar-9440235978

Coordination with all district teams was taken up by Plan India.

Total 18 2 2

Report Writing Group

Sector Organization

Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Alexander, World Vision India

Shelter Kennedy, Sphere India

Food, Nutrition & Livelihood Pooja Rana, Sphere India

Health Shivani Rana, Sphere India

Education Sivaiah, Save the Children

Protection Subrat panda, TDH

Background, Relief Measures, Annexures, Compilation

Manikanta, State Consultant, DRR-UNICEF

Compilation Shivani Rana, Sphere India

Final Inputs Murali, IPPF, Rajan, Plan India, UNICEF and other key members

.2 JNA- DROUGHT TOOLS- VILLAGE LEVEL

INDIA – Joint Needs Assessment Format for Drought Situation

Village Level Assessment Format

To be Used by theHumanitarian Agency/ NGOTo be used at theVillage/ Hamlet Level

An India Humanitarian Collective Action


Date of assessment (DD/MM/YY):

A. SPECIFIC LOCATION OF AFFECTED POPULATION

1. State 2. District 3. Block 4. GP 5. Village6. Total number of HH in

village?

7. GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude)

North

East

8. Estimated HH affected?

Land owning Landless HH

10. Approximate no. of people dead due to hunger?

11. Approximate no. of farmers affected?

12. Approximate no. of people migrated?

13. Location of migrated people

Public buildingFormal campsOther StateOther cityOther……

14. Please provide the disaggregated data in numbers for the affected population (if possible- based on Secondary data etc)

Children upto 14 years

Women

Men P/Cwd3

Women Pregnant and nursing (0-6 months)

Minorities

ST SC

15. Since how long drought situation has been prevailing?

Comments/ Suggestions/ Additional Information:

B. WASH16. Approximate number of HH in the Village without access to

safe drinking water due to drought?

17. What are the current sources of drinking water?

Open SpringsPond Pipe water supply Tube

well Tanker Other

18. Are water source accessible to PWD Sc ST Minority

3 People / Children with disabilities


If No, Explain why……………………

19. Is the water available at the source enough for short-term and longer-term needs for all groups in the population?

Sufficient for Short term (for 1 weeks)Partly (for 2 weeks)

Long term sufficiency (beyond 3 weeks) Inf. unavailable

20. Is the water available at the sources is enough for short and longer term for livestock?

Yes No Inf. Unavailable

21. Do people have enough water containers of appropriate size and type?

Yes No Inf. Unavailable

22. What are the excreta disposal practices?

Pre disaster Post disaster

Open Areas Household/ Community Latrines

Open Areas Household/ Community Latrines

24. Is the water source contaminated or at risk of contamination

Yes No


C. SHELTER

25. How many HH migrated

None A few

Some Many

Inf. Unavailable

26. What is the nature of location of Host family houses?some other village some

other city some other state

27. Are alternative places available to people who require shelter (e.g. community shelters or buildings that can be used as collective centers) in other city or state?

Yes No Inf. unavailable

28. Number and nature of operational Govt. shelters for people affected? (specific number)

29. Availability of enough safe spaces for storage of crops/ fodder?

Yes No

30. Availability of enough safe spaces for livestock? Yes No

31. Availability of NFI Kitchen Utensils hygiene materials Cloths

Stove Fuel,


Blankets

Bedsheets Torch Lights and lighting solutions

Any other(specify)


D. FOOD, NUTRITION AND LIVELIHOODS

32. What is the food availability at HHs in the affected area?

less than a week 1-3 weeks

1 month more than a month

33. Change in food consumption pattern of affected household during drought Reduced Severely

Reduced No change

34. Are there significant changes in the total amount of food that people are eating since the disaster, on average?

Female Male Children

Amount decreased

Amount same

Inf. unavailable

Amount decreased

Amount same

Inf. unavailable

Amount decreased

Amount same

Inf. unavailable

36. Are markets in the affected area functional?Fully Partly Not functioning Inf.

Unavailable

37. Are markets in the affected area accessible?Fully Partly Not Accessible Inf.

Unavailable

38. Do markets have stock of food? Yes No

39. Changes in price for the essential commodity in market?

Increased Decreased No change

40. % of community who can afford to buy food from market?

0%

1-25%

26 -50%

51 -75%


76 -100%

41. What is the severity of damage of the major crop/crops due to drought? Severe Moderate

Low No damage

42. Are the HHs able to avail govt. subsidy or services as announced under drought relief package? If no, state the reason.

Yes No

43. Approximate number of HH whose livestock are affected

44. How has the availability of fodder for domestic animals been affected? Severe Moderate Low No damage

45. What has the HH done in the absence of fodder for the livestock?

46. Has enough fodder been provided for your livestock and are you able to access the same from govt.?

47. Which livelihoods are likely to be most affected? (If others, please specify)

For Female For Male


E. EDUCATION

49. Are children going to school/ educational institutional during drought situation?

Yes No

50. If No pls specify the reason (tick all that apply)

No teachers No students No Midday Meal

Schools used as shelter Inf. Unavailable

Any other ………………………..

51. What kind of facilities are present in schools / premises

Drinking Water Toilets with water facility Mid day meal

52. How soon will the schools become functional?

within 15 days within 30 days


Beyond 30 days


F. HEALTH53. health facilities/

service providers in the Village

Pre disaster Post disaster

Health Sub-Centers (HSC)

Yes No Yes No

Primary Health Centers (PHC)

Yes No Yes No

Health camps Yes No Yes No

Doctors/Medical In-charge

Yes No Yes No

Nurses (GNM) Yes No Yes No

ANM/ ASHA Yes No Yes No

Informal provider

Yes No Yes No

54. What are the existing and primary health problems and risks associated with drought situation:

Communicable

Non Communicable

Diarrhea

Cholera

Dengue

Malaria

TB

Any other

Diabetes

Hypertension

Heart diseases

tobacco/drug use

Any other

51. What are the numbers of pregnant women in

3rd trimester (7th month onwards)

Nursing mothers having child upto 2 years of age


terms of

52. Are the sexual and reproductive health needs of pregnant and adolescent women addressed by govt drought relief programmes?

Yes No

53. Are there services and supplies available for clean and safe delivery, safe abortion, emergency obstetric care and newborn services etc?

Yes No

54. Are there any underlying health concerns in Village which are likely to get worsened in drought situation? (information should come from pre-disaster knowledge)

Malnutrition Communicable diseases

No underlying concerns Dehydration

Diarrhoea Respiratory infection

Fever with rashes Other………………………….

55. Is free medical govt. aid available in the village?

Yes No

If yes, what aid:…………………………………………………………


G. PROTECTION56. Are there major protection concerns (select all that apply)- Note: (Inf. NA) Inf.

unavailable Has drought situation led to trafficking among

people? Yes No Inf. NA

Has drought led to increased inter-state or trans-border migration?

Yes No Inf. NA

Has drought caused children in the age below 14 to enter into labour?

Yes No Inf. NA

Has drought caused increase in domestic violence? How?

Yes No Inf. NA

Has drought caused any inter and intra Yes No Inf. NA


community conflict situation over the available resources?

Split families (family members separated from others)

Yes No Inf. NA

Are the persons with special needs more at risk.(i.e. disabilities, elderly, single-headed household, single women)

Yes No Inf. NA

No arrangements for the remains of the deceased/ carcasses

Yes No Inf. NA

Are Safe and private facilities available for women and girls

Latrines Bathing Living spaces Inf. NA


Please tick all that apply Name Phone Number

Affected community respondent(male)

Affected community respondent (female)

Village Parishad Chairman

Village / GP Secretary

Ward Member

Anganwadi Worker

I/NGOs (please name organization)

Direct Observations of assessment team

Philanthropists (please name agency/ Group)

Other…………………………

57. Name of Interviewer

Female

Male

Contact Number:

58. Interviewer Organization


59. Date and time of Interview

60. Choose Interview typeFemale FGD Male FGD Children FGD

Elderly FGD

61. Type of Community SC ST General Minority Mixed group

62. Number of Volunteers available in village

63. Task Force available in village

Suggestions and recommendation of Interviewer

JNA- DROUGHT TOOLS- DISTRICT LEVEL

INDIA –Joint Needs Assessment Format

Phase 1 – Initial Days

District Level Assessment Format

To be Used by the

Partner Agency

To be used at the

District Level

An India Humanitarian Collective Action

1. Date of assessment (DD/MM/YY):

A. AGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION1. Please provide information of the contact person from the agency

2. Name of the Agencies in the team

3. Team Leader4. Contact Number of

team leaderB. BASIC INFORMATION

5. Normal average rainfall6. Current rainfall

7. % of deficiency in rainfall

8. Name of the District: 9. Total population of the district:

10. Total number of Blocks

Total:

11. Total number of Gram panchayats:

Male:

Female:

No. of Children below 18 years

14. Total number of No. of PWDs


Villages ST:

SC:

16. Drought occurred in previous years

17. Impact of previous drought

C. DROUGHT EVENT

18. Month of start of drought (If it can be specified):

19. Category of the area affected by the drought (Predominantly):

Urban-City/ Town

Rural/Village

20. Description of the area affected by the disaster (Predominantly):

Coastal

Island

Plain

__________

21. Total no. of blocks affected

22. Most severely affected blocks and villages

Blocks Name GPs Villages

23. Approximately how many people are dead due to hunger situation?

24. Approximately how many farmers are affected?

25. Approximately how many people have been migrated?

26. Location of migrated people

In other village

In other City

Out of state


27. Where are people living in the affected villages since the disaster? (Tick all that apply; If other, please specify)

Spontaneous settlement (outside villages)Pre-disaster location (original home)Other………………………………………………………………………..

28. Type of accessibility reduced: (If other, please specify)

Drinking water Market Water for livestock Water for HH use

Other……………

29. How many livestock are affected by disaster? (Please tick one category):

0% = None1-25% (Up to approximately ¼ of the population 26-50% (Between ¼ and ½ of the population) 50% - 100% (More than ½ of the population)

30. Are there any increased cases of health related issues in community due to drought?

Yes

No

if yes, what are the issues………………………….

31. Is there sufficient food stock available in the markets?

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

32. Do community purchase the stock frequently?

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable33. Have you received any case regarding human trafficking? If yes then what is the intensity…..

Yes

No

Inf. UnavailableIntensity…………………………..

34. Is there any case found regarding Child labor? Yes

No

Inf. Unavailable

35. Is there any conflict situation arrived in community on available resources?

Yes

No

Inf. Unavailable

D. DROUGHT SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT

36. What are the present weather conditions:(If other, please specify)

Normal Very cold

Windy Hot Humid

Cloudy Other…………………………………


37. In the coming 3 months, the situation in the disaster affected area is most likely to:

Stay the same Improve Worsen

38. Health Facilities at district level:

No. of Doctor Facilities available in the hospital

No. of paramedical staff

Ward Facilities

E. AVAILABLE RESOURCES, COPING STRATEGIES AND SUPPORT REQUIRED39. What are the copping strategies by

various agencies such as food/ fodder schemes are operational in the district?

Run ByName of food related schemes

Name of fodder related schemes

Govt.

NGO

Informal

43. Outline resources available at the district level in the following sectors:

SectorIs extra assistance required?

Comment on what assistance is required.

a) WASH

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

b) Shelter and non-food items

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

c) Food

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

d) Livelihoods

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

e) Education Yes


No

Inf. unavailable

f) Health

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

g) Protection ( Gender Based Violence, Dalit issues and children)

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

h) Nutrition

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

i) Fodder

Yes

No

Inf. unavailable

44. How many NGOs are working in the district?

45. How many NGOs are focusing on drought situation?

46. How would the assessment team describe the immediate overall relief needs in this District (needs in coming days and weeks):

Serious need of assistance

Some need of assistance

Needs can be managed with resources available at Gram Panchyat/ Block level

47. Which appear to be the highest priority for immediate assistance? (rank up to, but no more than three)

Water Sanitation

Shelter Food

Livelihoods Nutrition

Livestock Education

Health Protection/security

52. How would you describe the recovery needs in this District (needs in coming three or more months):

Serious need of assistance

Some need of assistance

Block/ GP and communities coping strategies will be enough


Any further comments or observations

Sources of information and data:

Time: Interview with

.3 Rainfall Map June to September 2015 as per IMD


AREAWith two distinct geographical regions, Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra, the State covers an area of 160,204 square KMs accounting for 4.87 % of total area in the country, Coastal


Andhra 92,906 Sq KMs ( 58 % of State area) and Rayalaseema covering an area of 67,298 Sq KMs (42 % of State area).

Ananthapur revenue district is the largest district with an area of 19130 square KMs, followed by Kurnool (17600), Prakasam (17140), YSR Kadapa (15380), Chittoor (14990), SPS Nellore (13160), Visakhapatnam (11340), Guntur (11330), East Godavari (10820), Krishna (8800), West Godavari (7800), Vizianagaram (6300), Srikakulam (5840).

SOCIO – ECONOMIC PROFILE

b) POPULATIONAs per Census – 2011 (Provisional), total population of the state is 493.8 lakhs. of which population in Coastal Andhra 341.9 lakhs (69.2 % of total population) and Rayalaseema Region 151.85 lakhs (30.8 % of total Population). Population of Scheduled Castes is 17.1 % of total Population and population of Scheduled Tribes is 5.3 % of total population.

In Andhra Pradesh, Agriculture Work Force is 50.6 % of total work force as per Population Census –2011.

c) CULTIVABLE AREANet area sown (including Fish Ponds) during the year 2013-14 is 65.61 Lakh hectares (41.0 %of geographical area)As per Agriculture Census 2013-14, area under total Kharif crops is 54.06 lakh hectares. Crop-wise Area under Kharif 2013 is shown as below.

d) AREA UNDER IRRIGATION AND DRYLAND FARMING


As per Agriculture Census – 2013-14, irrigated area was 40.96 lakh hectares ( 50.39 % of sown area), which includes area under canals (19.56 lakh ha), Tanks ( 3.77 lakh ha), tube wells ( 15.07 lakh ha), and other wells ( 1.16 lakh ha) and area under other sources is 1.40 lakh hectares. As per Agriculture Census -2013-14, un-irrigated was 40.32 lakh hectares.

e) TOTAL NUMBER OF FARMERSTotal number of farmers in the State are 76, 21,118 ( Land holdings as per Agriculture Census-2010-11). The highest number of farmers are in Ananthapur (7.28 lakhs) followed


by Guntur (7.61 lakhs), East Godavari (6.99 lakhs), Prakasam (6.71 lakhs), Chittoor (6.67lakhs), Kurnool (6.33 lakhs), West Godavari (5.66 lakhs), Krishna (5.52 lakhs), Srikakulam (5.26 lakhs), Visakhapatnam (4.75 lakhs), SPS Nellore (4.57 lakhs), Vizianagaram (4.47 lakhs) and YSR Kadapa (4.41 lakhs).

f) SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERSNumber of Small and Marginal farmers in the State are 65, 74,623 (Land holdings of small and Marginal farmers as per Agriculture Census-2010-11). Of which Small farmers are 15, 91,012 and Marginal farmers are 49,83,611. Small and marginal farmers constitute 86.3 % of total farmers in the state. A marginal farmers is one who holds 0.5 to 1.00 hectare of agriculture lands and a small farmers is one who holds 1 to 2.0 hectares of agriculture lands (World Agriculture Census, 2010- 11).

g) NUMBER OF AGRICULTURE LABOURERSNumbers of Agricultural Labourers in the State are 85, 57,567 which is 37.3 % of total workers.

h) AGRICULTURE AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO GSDPAt current price, during 2012-13, contribution of Agriculture Sector in Gross State Domestic Products (GSDP) is Rs. 1,14,492 Cr accounting for 27.30 %. Of this, share of Agriculture alone is Rs. 64,434 Cr (15.36%) followed by Livestock Rs. 31,360 Cr (7.48 %), Fishing Rs. 14,089 Cr (3.36 %), Forestry and Logging is Rs. 4,610 Cr (1.1 %).

Photographs:

methodology: - web viewfever with rashes other 0.65 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.05 ... to fetch water...

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