Methods and Techniques: The K-12

ApproachMr. Butch Stephen C. Duay

What is learning?

APPROACHWay of looking at learning and

teachingTheoretical view of how things can be

learnedGives rise to methods, way of

teaching and use of teaching activities.

Examples of Approach

Teacher-centered approachTeacher-dominated approachSubject-matter centered approach

Learner-centered approach

METHODSManagement strategyA planSystematic presentation of a lesson

Design

Examples of MethodsRecitationSocratic MethodLaboratoryDemonstrationLecture

TECHNIQUESSpecific activitiesA taskTool for achieving learning

goalsActual teachingWhat really happens in the

classroom

Examples of TechniquesRole playingCase studiesThink-pair sharePeer teachingDebatesWhat’s my rule?

Approaches in the K-12 Curriculum

Learner-centered Inclusive Developmentally appropriate Relevant and responsive Research-based Culture-sensitive Contextual and global

Constructivist Inquiry-based and reflectiveCollaborative IntegrativeSpiral progressiveMTB-MLE based

Approaches in the K-12 Curriculum

Learner-centered Teachers should consider the following:

Their nature Innate abilities Learning skills and styles Developmental stage Multiple intelligences Needs Concerns Interest Feelings Family background

Inclusive No student is excluded in the learning circle.

No favouritism No outcast No promdi Teacher is for all students.

“If you are inclusive in approach, you are truly learner-centered”

Developmentally appropriate

Tasks within their developmental stages

From simple to complex, respective of the grade level.

“Observing developmental appropriateness is another way of expressing learner-centeredness.”

Responsive and Relevant

Connect the lessons to the student’s daily experiences.

Making your teaching meaningful.No to meaningless “mile-wide-inch-

deep teaching”.No to “teaching-to-the-test”.

Research-basedIntegrate research findings in

your lessons.Make your lesson more

interesting, updated, more convincing and persuasive.

Culture-sensitiveRespect for cultural diversityLearners have varied cultural

experienceDon’t judge one culture as superior

than the other.Be less judgmental, more

understanding and empathetic with your students.

Contextualized and Global

Put your lesson in a context.Contextualized teaching means

exerting effort to extend learning beyond the classroom into relevant contexts into the real world.

Indigenize and localize the lessons.

Constructivist Student’s learn by building upon their prior knowledge (schema).

Inquiry-based and Reflective

Students must begin to formulate questions.

Risk answersProbing for relationshipsMaking their own discoveriesReflecting on their findingsActing as researchers and writers

CollaborativeWorking together to learn

together.Group tasks

Solving a problemCompleting a taskCreating a product

IntegrativeSubjects are brought together so that students can grasp a more authentic understanding of a subject matter under study.

Spiral Progression The same concepts from one grade level to the next in increasing complexity.

MTB-MLE- basedMother Tongue-based Multilingual Education

Methods in the k-12 Era

Community Language Learning (CCL)

Suggestopedia A second, less formal reading would employ a

lighter, less striking piece of music, such as a piece of Baroque music, and this would take a less prominent role. During both types of reading, the learners would sit in comfortable seats, armchairs rather than classroom chairs, in a suitably stimulating environment in terms of décor and lighting. After the readings of these long dialogues to the accompaniment of music, the teacher would then make use of the dialogues for more conventional language work. In theory at least, large chunks of the dialogues would be internalized by the learners during the readings due both to the relaxed and receptive state of the learners and to the positive suggestion created by the music.

The Silent Way

Total Physical Response

Think Pair Share

Think-pair-share (TPS) is a collaborative learning strategy in which students work together to solve a problem or answer a question about an assigned reading. This technique requires students to (1) think individually about a topic or answer to a question; and (2) share ideas with classmates. Discussing an answer with a partner serves to maximize participation, focus attention and engage students in comprehending the reading material.

What’s my Rule?

What’s my Rule? 34.6 mi (3 S.F.), 1,251 m2 (4 S.F.), 1,200 (2 S.F.) All nonzero digits are significant. 1,001m (4 S.F.), 1,010 cm (3 S.F.), 201 in (3 S.F.) Middle zeros are significant. 1.500 km (4 S.F.), 3.20 mi (3 S.F.), 0.010 (2 S.F.) All zeros written to the right of the decimal number

count as significant figures. 0.00021 km (2 S.F.), 0.0005 mm (1 S.F.), 0.0000134

mi (3 S.F.) Leading zeros (zeros to the right of the decimal

point and preceding a nonzero digit) are not significant.

What’s my Rule?

Significant figuresRounding off numbersCalculating rulesPlural and singular forms of nouns and

verbsSubject-verb agreement

Concept Attainment Strategy

An indirect instructional strategy that uses a structured inquiry process.

Based on the work of Jerome BrunerStudents figure out the attributes of a

group or category that has been already formed by the teacher.

Concept Attainment Strategy

POE METHOD

DOE METHOD

DO OBSERVE EXPLAIN

The teacher will have to write procedures in this part.

Students will observe the occurrence.

Support the observation with concepts and theories.

What is the best method?

There is no such thing as best method!

You have to choose a method that works, a method that is effective and a method that will enable you to realize your intended outcome in a particular topic.

Factors that affect the effectiveness of methodsTeacher’s readinessLearner’s readinessNature of the subject matterTime allotment for the subject

“Our mission is not just to prepare you how to become an efficient and effective teacher someday but also to groom you to become a polite, obedient, responsible, kind, humble and God-fearing educator. We want you to become the best teacher you wish your future children would have. Being the best teacher is giving more and not counting the cost. Being the best teacher is understanding more rather than to be understood. Being the best teacher is working harder even appreciation is less. Being the best teacher is sacrificing until it hurts. Being the best teacher is being selfless and knows how to humble themselves. Being the best teacher is not just teaching from the mind but also teaches from the heart.”

Sir Butch