methods for long term monitoring of rhodolith beds · 2015. 10. 5. · diapositiva 1 author:...
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Methods for long term
monitoring of Rhodolith beds
Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez
Programa de Investigación en Botánica Marina,
Departamento de Biología Marina, UABCS
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Timothy M. Lenton, Hywel T.P. Williams, 2013. On the origin of planetary-scale tipping points, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Volume 28; 380-382,
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International legal instruments commonly used to
protect, manage and use the environment
Ramsar sites
Fisheries reserves
IUCN NaturalProtected Areas
UNESCO site
European Water Directive
Geoparks
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Rhodolith/mäerl beds are living and
dead aggregations of non-geniculate
coralline algae that cover dense and
extensive benthic areas in recent
oceans and are widely represented in
fossil deposits
Rhodolith bed definition
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Importance of episodic events like hurricanes???
Aerial/satellite images, sonar bottom profiling, and current/light meters & sediment traps
within and at margins of rhodolith beds
Bed
Sand
► What boundary conditions determine lateral
distribution?
Need bed maps and long term measurements of
water motion, sedimentation and light (?) (extension
of Mitchell & Collins)
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Hertzinger et al 2006
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Hinojosa-Arengo et al 2014
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1.9
9
2.9
9
3.9
9
4.9
9
7.9
9
8.9
9
9.9
9
11
12
13
1.0
0
2.0
0
3.0
0
4.0
0
6.0
0
8.0
0
3.0
1
5.0
1
6.0
1
8.0
2
Tiempo (meses/años)
Med
ia (
Desv.
Std
.)
Arena
Rodolos10.9
9
11.9
9
12.9
9
Tiempo (mesas/anos)
1999 2000
Canal de San Lorenzo
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Knowns - how they are: world-wide distribution, “soft” substrate,
moderate water motion, low sedimentation, depth: light & water motion-sedimentation,
foundation species for a diverse associated flora & fauna
Knowns - what they do: grow slow, important carbonate producers, net
consumers of O2, net producers of dissolved inorganic N, provide heterogeneous
habitat & settlement substrate
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Species richness of
each trophic group
Complexity
0
2
4 cm
Predators
Suspension feeders
Detritivores
Micrograzers
P,S,D
Incrementando el espacio vital Grall et al. (2006)
J Exp Mar Biol
Ecol, 338, 1-15
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Ecology of Rhodolith Bed Communities (Systems)
► Effects of epiphytes:
Negative: reduce light & survivorship, increase sedimentation?
Positive (facilitative): shade, food for fauna & nutrients for rhodoliths?
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Over the last 20 years taxonomic
75 publictions of associated
species have shown the
relevance of the habitat in where
Amphipods, Tunicates, Sponges
are the most studied taxa.
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Abundance
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
rhodolith bed sand flat
ab
un
dan
ce /
m 2
Richess
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
rhodolith bed sand flat
habitat
sp
ecie
s r
ich
ness
habitat
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- Provide nutrients (Martin et al.)
Organic N Inorganic N
Are rhodoliths dependent on inorganic N
in the surrounding ocean?
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► What is the relative importance of movement?
Riosmena
Shape &
branching
Prevent
anoxia &
remove
sediment
Fouling
Lithophyllum margaritae
Field movement rates and lengths of time buried?
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Biology of Individuals
►How respond to and recover from disturbance (stress)?
Relationship to cell biology & physiology
Observations:
- recovery after bleaching
- pigment may be concentrated on
surface away from stress
- grow & reproduce while buried
in course sediment
- anoxia kills (Hall-Spencer et al., Wilson et al.)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
L. margaritae N. trichotomun
An
nu
al
Gro
wth
Rate
(m
m/y
r)
Species
surface
Steller
Lithophyllum margaritae
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
L. margaritae N. trichotomun
Pro
po
rtio
n M
ate
ria
l R
ep
rod
uc
tive
Species
sur…bur…
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Long
itud
(mm
)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Número de bandas
Lcal= 1.62 + 0.27 (X)
r2= 0.86
P=0.000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Long
itud
(mm
)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Edad (años)
L = 5.68 + 0.46 (t) r2=0.86 p=0.000
Donde para L. muellerii
la tasa de crecimiento
promedio anual fue de
0.60 mm/año con
individuos de hasta 120
años de antigüedad.
(M. Rivera et al. 2004)
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(Steller 2003)
New
growth
Tasa de Crecimiento
L. muellerii 0.6mm/yr
L. margaritae 5.6mm/yr
S. trichtomum 7-8mm/yr
L. margaritae
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
winter summer
season
gro
wth
ra
te (
mm
/ye
ar)
p<0.05
Tasa de crecimiento anual
5.62+1.19mm/year
Seasonal variation (2-4 cm tamańo)
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Over the last decade approximately 130
papers related to rhodolith/mäerl ecosystem
has been published in a per
reviewed/indexed journals and is brining
the international attention to this
ecosystem.
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