methods for measuring perceived qualities in the landscape - from quantitative to qualitative...
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Methods for measuring perceived qualities in the landscape
- from quantitative to qualitative research
Project B: Socio-cultural effects
Sofia Jönsson, Marianne LindströmUniversity of Kalmar
Aim of study
• Part of Include project B: mapping theories and methods
• Litterature study inspired by the research of Swaffield & Fosters (”Community perception of landscape values in the South Island high country”, 2000)
• Broad theoretical approach => concrete examples of methods
Short introduction• Perceptions of the landscape
- How to ”look” at the landscape
- Landscape preferences
- Identity
• Sustainable development and the concept of ”landscape”: economic interests vs. environmental interests
tangible values vs. intangible values
Paradigmes of perception (Zube et al 1984)
Approach
Expert(aestetic or ecological)
Psychophysical Cognitive Socio-cultural
Experiental
Humanperspective
Passive (looking at the
landscape)
Active(identity)
Landscape Dimensional Holistic
Methods within each approachEXPERT PSYCHO-
PHYSICALCOGNITIVE SOCIO-
CULTURALEXPERIENTAL
USER INDEPENDENT USER DEPENDENT
Mainly quantitative(Looking at the landscape;
”Top-down”)
Mainly quantitative(Preferences)
Mainly qualitative(Identity;
”Bottom-up”)
”Ecological”
Field study (inventories)
GIS-analysis
Systematic valuations of
the biophysical landscapes
(ecology and biodiversity)
”Aesthetic”
Field study
Systematicvaluation of
visual and physical
characters (ranking methods)
Expert valuationthrough
philosophical principles of
aesthetics
Quasi-experimental
examinations of landscape users
(ranking methods, physiological
measurements, questionnaires)
Quasi-experimental evaluations of
picture preferences
(ranking methods)
Quasi-experimental evaluations of questionnaries
Qualitative evaluations
(observations, interviews, focus
groups)
Activity mapping
(visitors studies)
Etnografic evaluations of ’key
informants’(interviews)
Qualitative analysis and
interpretations (interviews and focus groups)
Self reflection of a landscape (identity)
Summary and discussion
• Broad variety of research on landscape perception.
• Small representation of studies within the socio-cultural approach. Swaffield & Foster argues: this approach has high credability on common preferences and is to prefer when conducting policies and guidelines in authority activities.
• Important to focus on a more qualitative approach in landscape perception reserach: identifying intangible values and embracing interdisciplinary science.
Approach
Expert(aesthetic or ecological)
Psychophysical Cognitive Socio-Socio-culturalcultural
Experiental
Humanperspective
Passive (looking at the
landscape)
Active(identity)
Landscape Dimensional Holistic
Communicate soft values
• Additional step in landscape perception research
• Landscape values institute, Australia.Public Participation Geographic InformationSystem (PPGIS)
