methods of studying the brain
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Methods of Studying The Brain . Chapter 2. Ways to study the brain …. Observation after an injury – What part of the brain is injured and what mental and bodily functions has the injury affected? (Ex. Phinneas Gage) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Methods of Studying The Brain
Chapter 2
Ways to study the brain … Observation after an injury – What part of the
brain is injured and what mental and bodily functions has the injury affected? (Ex. Phinneas Gage) Lesions – tissue destruction in the brain (naturally
or experimentally caused) Could be intentional destruction of a part of the brain –
cutting or burning to treat some disease
Ex Morgan Madson and volleyball Ex. The Fat Rat p.475
Ways to study the brain … EEG
(Electroencephalogram) – records waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface Electrodes placed on the
scalp Electrical signals from the
brain are transferred into waves
Ways to study the brain … CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – series of
x-rays taken from different angles and combined by computer to show a complete representation of a slice through the body.
Ways to study the brain … PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography) –
Slightly radioactive solution is injected into the blood and then the amount of radiation absorbed by brain cells. A computer transforms the absorption into a colors that indicate neuron activity Your thoughts “light up” More color is associated with a more active brain The colors red and yellow indicate maximum brain activity, blue and green are minimal activity p. 664 and 678 murderous minds
Ways to study the brain … MRI (Magnetic Resonance
Imaging) – a technique that uses a magnetic field to send radio frequencies through the brain. A Computer measures how these signals interact with the brain cells. The computer transforms these interactions into detailed images of the structure of the brain. Blood travels to active parts of
the brain MRIs display this blood flow Advantages – detailed, no harm,
living brain can be studied
Ways to study the brain … fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
– a technique for revealing blood flow and therefore brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans.
This is your brain on music Improvisation and Music
Reading Your Mind - YouTube reading fmri
Hidden Motives - last 6:00
Structure of the Brain
Chapter 2
Parts of the Brain
Brainstem – central core of the brain/ begins where the spinal cord swells and enters the brain
Parts of the Brain
Medulla – blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing Base of the brainstem. Application example
Pons – control of facial expression Located on the brainstem
above the medulla
(technically both are part of the brainstem)
Parts of the Brain
Reticular formation – body arousal and ability to focusMnemonic- tic tock goes the alarm
clock. Thalamus – receiving
sensory signals Located at the top of the
brainstem “Sensory Switchboard”
because It’s like the switchboard operator
that decides where/when to place call
Parts of the Brain Cerebellum (little brain) – balance, motor
movement Extends from the rear of the brainstem. Morgan Madson volleyball player from BHS
Parts of the Brain
Limbic System – System of neural structures at the border of the brainstem Hippocampus – formation of
new memories. Mnemonic.- picture a hippo on a college campus
Amygdala – emotions. Girl with no emotions.
Hypothalamus – hunger/thirst, sexual arousal, body temperature.
FAT RAT;
Corpus Callosum – Nerves that connect the two hemispheres.
Parts of the Brain Cerebral Cortex – outer layer of the brain,
intricate fabric of neural cells, covers the two hemispheres, this is the thin, gray wrinkled part of the brain
Hemispheres of the Brain The cerebral cortex can be divided into two
hemispheres
Cerebral Cortex: 4 lobesEach hemisphere is divided into 4 regions (lobes)
Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe
Cerebral Cortex: 4 lobes Frontal Lobe – abstract thought, planning,
emotion Ex. Phinneas Gage – limbic system is separated
from frontal lobe Parietal Lobe – contains the sensory cortex,
receives touch sensations Occipital Lobe – (optical) back of brain,
visual cortex Temporal Lobe – process sound
Brain Lobes (Occipital, Parietal, Temporal, Frontal Lobes, Cerebellum, & Brain Stem with lyrics) - YouTube
The Brain in a card game Directions: show how each of the following
parts of the brain may be involved in a card game with a group of your friends:
1 Pons 2. Amygdala 3 Hippocampus 4 Frontal Lobe 5 Medulla 6 Temporal
Lobe 7 Occipital Lobe 8 Cerebellum 9 Reticular Formation 10
Hypothalamus 11. Parietal Lobe YOUTUBE- PINKY AND THE BRAIN