metropolitan community college audio video production engineering part 2 video rev. 6c
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MetropolitanCommunityCollege
Audio Video Production EngineeringPart 2 Video
Rev. 6c
![Page 2: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Start Week 7
2
![Page 3: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Video and Vision
The Human EyeCorneaLensRetina
Optic Nerve
3
![Page 4: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Detailed Information
http://www.photo.net/photo/edscott/spectsel.htm#01
4
![Page 5: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Human Eye
www.photo.net5
![Page 6: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Human Eye Detail
6
![Page 7: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Additional Fovea Details
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea
7
![Page 8: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
More Vision Detail
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/rodcone.html
8
![Page 9: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rods and Cones
www.photo.net9
![Page 10: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Visible Light Spectrum
Measured in WavelengthUnit of measure nm
(nanometer)Approx. 400 nm – 700 nm
10
![Page 11: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spectrum
www.photo.net
11
![Page 12: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Visible Spectrum
www.photo.net
12
![Page 13: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Spectral Sensitivity of Human Eye
www.photo.net13
![Page 14: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Adjusted Spectrum
www.photo.net14
![Page 15: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Low Light “Rods”
www.photo.net15
![Page 16: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
www.photo.net16
![Page 17: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Color Temperature
Characteristic that can change our perception of color/hue
17
![Page 18: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
www.photo.net18
![Page 19: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Color Temperature
www.photo.net19
![Page 20: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Relative intensity has been normalized for each temperature (in Kelvins).
20
![Page 21: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Color Temp & Light Source
1000-2000 K Candlelight2500-3500 K Tungsten Bulb (household variety)3000-4000 K Sunrise/Sunset (clear sky)4000-5000 K Fluorescent Lamps5000-5500 K Electronic Flash5000-6500 K Daylight with Clear Sky (sun overhead)6500-8000 K Moderately Overcast Sky9000-10000 K Shade or Heavily Overcast Sky
21
![Page 22: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
White Balance
22
![Page 23: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lens filter setting
Select the FILTER according to the lighting condition.
Position 1 (3200K) : For shooting indoors with studio lighting
Position 2 (5600K + 1/8ND): For shooting outdoors.
Position 3 (5600K + 1/64ND): For shooting outdoors under a clear sky.
23
![Page 24: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
White Bal Adjustment1. Set the following switches.• Set the OPERATE switch to ON.• Set the OUTPUT switch to CAM-AUTO
KNEE OFF.• Set the IRIS mode switch of the lens to A
(Auto).2. Set the FILTER knob according to the
current lighting.3. Set the WHT.BAL switch to A or B.
24
![Page 25: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
4. Place a white object near the center of the screen under the same lighting conditions as the target subject and zoom in to fill the screen with white.
5. Tilt the AUTO WHT./ACCU FOCUS switch upward (to AUTO WHITE) once and release it. "AUTO WHITE A, B OPERATION" is displayed in the viewfinder while the auto white balance adjustment circuit operates. When the white balance has been adjusted correctly, the approximate color temperature is displayed together with “AUTO WHITE A, B OK” for about 5 seconds.
25
![Page 26: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Television Lighting
There are several different Lighting instrument types.
Applications vary depending on program needs.
26
![Page 27: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fresnel with barn doors
27
![Page 28: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Flood light, focusing
28
![Page 29: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Softlight
29
![Page 30: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Broad light withBarn Doors
30
![Page 31: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Scrim
31
![Page 32: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Basic Three Point Lighting
Three point lighting video
32
![Page 33: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Television Picture
NTSC RS-170A standard(standard def.)
33
![Page 34: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Horizontal Sync
34
![Page 35: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Color Framing
35
![Page 36: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Time Code
Considered to be a system of identifying locations of images or sound on recorded medium (film, tape, etc.)
36
![Page 37: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Time Code Types
ProprietarySMPTE (LTC)SMPTE VITCEmbedded digitalMIDI
37
![Page 38: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Usage Considerations
SMPTE standard will be used for discussion Additional detail:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop-frame_time_code
38
![Page 39: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Time Code Structure
80 bit digital contentHour, minute, second,
frame, and other info.
39
![Page 40: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Timecode Data Structure
Bits Definition Bits Definition
0-3 Frame units 32-35 Minute units
4-7 User bits group 1 36-39 User bits group 5
8-9 Frame tens 40-42 Minute tens
10 Drop frame flag 43 Binary group flag 0
11 Color frame flag 44-47 User bits group 6
12-15 User bits group 2 48-51 Hour units
16-19 Second units 52-55 User bits group 7
20-23 User bits group 3 56-57 Hour tens
24-26 Second tens 58-59 Binary group flags 1 and 2
27 Biphase mark correction 60-63 User bits group 8
28-31 User bits group 4 64-79 Sync word
40
![Page 41: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Non-Drop Frame
Non-drop frame needed for digital video medium where each frame needs identification
Running time not accurate
41
![Page 42: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Drop Frame
Mainly used when accurate running time is desired
Drops numbers each minute on the minute except on 10th minutes
42
![Page 43: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
NTSC Color Signals
Have an actual frequency of close to 29.97 frames-per-second. As cue points must be located at frame boundaries, this figure is normally rounded up to 30 frames-per-second, causing an excess of 108 frames per hour.
43
![Page 44: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
To Eliminate These 108 Frames each HourTwo specific time code
frame values are dropped each minute (2x60=120), except every 10th minute (2x60-2x6=108).
44
![Page 45: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Time Code Values Dropped
Are specified as the first two frames of a minute. Thus, the time code number following 01:04:59:29 would be 01:05:00:02, time code frames 01:05:00:00 and 01:05:00:01 don't exist.
45
![Page 46: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Non-linear Editor Note:
non-dropframe timecode values as HH:MM:SS:FF and dropframe values as HH:MM:SS;FF
46
![Page 47: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
VITC
Time code encoded into the video frame
Can be read while in still frame
Replaced in editing process
47
![Page 48: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Audio & Synchronizing
When used in audio or sweetening for video (layback) resolution uses ATR Tach. Usually 100th of a frame of video
48
![Page 49: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
TC Switch Functions
REC :Preset mode. Set to this position when newlypresetting and recording the time code. The timecode mode of the time code generator will be inthe REC run mode (time code runs only duringrecording).This position allows you to record continuous timecodes when recording scenes one after another.
49
![Page 50: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
TC Switch Functions
FREE :Preset mode. Set to this position when
newly presetting and recording the time code. The time code mode of the time code generator will be in the FREE run mode (time code runs permanently).
Select this setting when the unit should be slavelocked with an external time code generator.
50
![Page 51: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
TC Switch Functions
REGEN :Regeneration mode, in which the unit
reads existing time codes on the tape and records time codes in continuation of the existing ones. Set to this position when you want to add additional time codes to time codes already recorded on the tape.
51
![Page 52: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Time Code Info (16)
52
![Page 53: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
TC input/output (4&5)
53
![Page 54: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
TC Input
Input connector for the SMPTE-standard LTC signal. The built-in time code generator can be slave-locked with the input time codes.
If the user’s bits should also be slave-locked, set the VCR Setup Menu item No. 403 U-BIT SLAVE to “TC&UB”.
54
![Page 55: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
* When the TC GENE switch (#17 on page 15) is set to REC or REGEN, or the VCR Setup Menu item No. 398 SSF MODE is set to “CUE MODE” or “MARK MODE”, slave-locking will not take place. For the slave lock of time code, see page 64.
55
![Page 56: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Time Code Menu
56
![Page 57: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
End Week 7
Review week 8
57
![Page 58: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Basic TV Principles
Video – The visible portionSync – The housekeeping
portion
58
![Page 59: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Cameras and Monitors
Many types of camera pick-up sensors (tubes, CCD, CMOS)
Many display types (tubes, LCD, Plasma)
59
![Page 60: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Image Capture
Some type of scanning is required
Photo sensitive surface is required
60
![Page 61: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Image Capture
CCD (Charged Coupled Device) is a passive-pixel sensor
Requires a separate image processer
61
![Page 62: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Image Capture
Active-Pixel Sensor (aps) or CMOS uses less power than CCD, has less image lag and is less costly
Image sensor and image processing on same chip
62
![Page 63: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Basic Block DiagramCCD
CCD pick up
TimingGenerator
Digital SignalProcessor
FIFORegister
(DSP)
Encoder
EEPROM
Memory
Image
Video ImageOut
63
![Page 64: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Basic Block DiagramTube pickup
Pick up TubeX 3 (R G B)
Synchronizingand Sweep
H & V
Amps ProcessingBalance
Encoding
LensControl
Image
Video Image
Genlock
64
![Page 65: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Encoding
The process of combining raw image information into a useable format for display such as NTSC, S VIDEO, Component and RGB.
65
![Page 66: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
NTSC
National Television Standards Committee
Analog standard in USAAlso called composite video
66
![Page 67: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
S Video
Two wire systemLuminanceChromaImproved video quality
67
![Page 68: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Component
Y, R-Y, B-YHigh quality broadcast
recording
68
![Page 69: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
RGB
Red, Green, BlueHigh Quality Broadcast and
computer imagesSync on Green or separate
Horizontal & Vertical Sync
69
![Page 70: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Lens1 FOCUS ringManual focus ring.2 ZOOM lever/ringThis is the manual zoom ring equipped with a zoom lever.To adjust the zoom manually, turn the zoom mode knob 12 to position "M".3 IRIS ringManual iris ring. To activate the auto iris feature, set the IrisMode switch 7 to A.4 [VTR] Trigger buttonTo start/stop shooting.
70
![Page 71: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
5 [RET] return video button• When GY-DV550 is in the record-pause or stop mode, press this button to check the immediately preceding image recorded.• When the camera control unit is connected, the return video signals can be monitored on the viewfinder while pushing this button.• When an external VCR is connected, the return video and return audio signals can be monitored while pushing this button.(When VTR SELECT switch is set to EXT.)6 ZOOM servo control leverTo operate the servo zoom feature with this lever, set the ZOOM knob 12 to S.• Pressing the W section of this lever increases the angle of the lens for a wider shooting angle.• Pressing the T section of this lever narrows the lens angle perspective for telephoto shots.• Pushing harder changes the speed of the zoom.
71
![Page 72: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
7 IRIS mode switchA: Activates the auto iris feature.M: Allows manual iris control.8 Momentary auto iris buttonWhen the IRIS MODE switch 7 is at "M", pushing this button activates the Auto Iris Function while it is held down only.9 [S] IRIS speed adjusting control For adjusting the iris operation speed.
Under exposed is better than over exposed for HDTV!
72
![Page 73: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
10 FILTER threadProtect the lens with a clear filter or UV filter by screwing the filter onto the thread inside the lens hood from the front. Other filters can be used for various effects.11 ZOOM servo connector Connect an optional zoom servo unit here.12 ZOOM mode knobS: Servo zoom mode. Allows operation by the zoom servo control lever 6. M: Manual zoom mode. Allows zoom control by the zoom lever/ring 2.13 BACK FOCUS ring/fixing screwFor back focus adjustment only. Secure with the screw knob after adjustment.
73
![Page 74: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
14 Macro focusing ring (for close-up shooting)By rotating this ring in the direction of the arrow, close-up
shooting of very small objects becomes possible. Normal focus adjustment and zooming are not available in the macro mode. To shoot images in the macro mode, set the focus ring 1 to the infinite position and the zoom ring 2 to the maximum wide-angle position. To adjust the focus of the macro image, rotate this ring in the direction of the arrow until the object is focused.
74
![Page 75: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Back Focus Video
www.dvinfo.net/store/prohd/video11.html
75
![Page 76: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Resolution
Horizontal resolutionVertical resolutionPixelsBandwidth dependant
76
![Page 77: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Resolution Chart
77
![Page 78: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Viewing Information
http://forum.blu-ray.com/showthread.php?t=33462
recommended farthest sitting distance to see full resolution for each screen size is…
78
![Page 79: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
For DVD (480)
20 inch TV= 7 feet26 inch TV= 9 feet30 inch TV= 10.5 feet34 inch TV= 12 feet40 inch TV= 14 feet50 inch TV= 17.5 feet60 inch TV= 21 feet.
79
![Page 80: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
For 720 HD sources
20 inch TV= 4 feet26 inch TV= 5 feet30 inch TV= 6 feet34 inch TV= 6.7 feet40 inch TV= 8 feet50 inch TV= 10 feet60 inch TV= 12 feet
780
![Page 81: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
For 1080 HD sources
20 inch TV= 2.8 feet26 inch TV= 3.5 feet30 inch TV= 4 feet34 inch TV= 4.5 feet40 inch TV= 5.3 feet50 inch TV= 6.5 feet60 inch TV= 8 feet
81
![Page 82: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82
![Page 83: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Monitors and Receivers
RFAMPMixerLocal Osc
TunerAnt.
VideoIF Amps
VideoDet.
AudioIF Amps
AudioDet.
Video AmpChroma processing
AudioAmp
Speaker
Audio In
Video In
SyncSep & Amp Horiz.
Sweep
VerticalSweep
High Voltage
Picture tube
Deflection
83
![Page 84: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Inputs
Video (all types)RFDigital
84
![Page 85: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Display
CRT (cathode ray tube)Flat screens (LCD & Plasma)Projection (LCD & DLP)
85
![Page 86: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Display
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)Not the best for fast moving
images (greatly improved since 2009)
Accurate black display difficult
86
![Page 87: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Display
LED back lit LCDEdge lit…blacks not as evenFull array…better black
levels with little light leakage
87
![Page 88: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Display
Plasma long life, good viewing angle and good brightness
Subject to image burn-in
88
![Page 89: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
DLP (Digital Light Processing)
Better suited for projection than flat screen.
Requires a lamp and has narrow viewing angle when used as flat screen
89
![Page 90: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Interlaced Scanning
Produces odd lines first then even lines each takes 1/60th second (field)
Two fields make complete frame (1/30th sec.)
90
![Page 91: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Progressive Scanning
All lines are progressively scanned starting with line one, then two, three, etc.
The refresh rate can be higher than interlaced scanning often 1/60th sec.
91
![Page 92: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
DTV Systems
480p 480 active scan lines 1/60th Sec.
720p 720 active scan lines 1/60th Sec.
1080i 1080 active scan lines 1/30th Sec.
92
![Page 93: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Refresh Rates above 60
Applies to LCD displays.Improves a jerky appearance
called “Judder”. 120 Hz & 240 Hz refresh cuts down on motion induced artifacts.
93
![Page 94: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Refresh Rates
The use of 120 & 240 Hz refresh rates causes unwanted background noise and can cause a lack of depth in the images.
94
![Page 95: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
End week 8
Review Week 9
95
![Page 96: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Measurement & Wiring
Waveform monitorVector scopeMany new equipment types
since HD introduced
96
![Page 97: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
New Test Equipment
http://www.tek.com/testimonial/benefits-waveform-monitors-color-correction-video(6:05)
97
![Page 98: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Broadcast Specs
http://www.tek.com/how/editing-compliance-broadcast-specifications(6:43)
98
![Page 99: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Color Grading HD
http://www.tek.com/how/art-color-grading-scopes?utm_source=epiphany&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=eNewsFebruary2013(27:52)
99
![Page 100: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Camera Alignment
http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid424610616001?bctid=1155879794001(8:51)
100
![Page 101: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Video Links
Waveform Monitor videoVector scope videoMonitor setupApplying WFM & VSGrey Card
101
![Page 102: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Tektronix link102
Grey Bar
![Page 103: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Tektronix link103
![Page 104: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Tektronix link104
![Page 105: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
External Reference
Needed to compare timing and phasing
Needed to lock signals to same reference (genlock)
105
![Page 106: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
External ReferenceMostly “Black Burst or Tri-
Level Sync” is used as the reference signal.
A single “Master” generator is used and the signal split using VDA and sent to other equipment.
106
![Page 107: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
107
![Page 108: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
External Reference
For Waveform Monitor and Vectorscope, the reference signal is connected to “Ext. Ref. In”. It has to be selected using the “int/ext” reference switch.
108
![Page 109: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
External Reference
For use in a camera/switcher chain, the reference signal is applied to the “Genlock” in connection.
109
![Page 110: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Wiring and cable
Impedance75 ohm standard
Wiring must always look at 75 ohm load (terminated)
110
![Page 111: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Looping
Method of connecting more than one device from a single feed
Cable lengths must be shortLast device must be
terminated111
![Page 112: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Looping Example
112
![Page 113: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Video Connectors
Depends on type of video signal ( comp. , S, etc.)
Standard Professional is BNC (old type UHF)
Consumer often use RCA
113
![Page 114: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Common Connectors
S video RCA BNC
HD-15 (VGA) DVI (digital) HDMI (High Def)
114
![Page 115: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Cable Types and Loss
Cable selected for application
Short length may use smaller diameter cable
Long length use RG-6 type
115
![Page 116: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Cable Construction
Center conductorDielectricShieldOuter jacket
116
![Page 117: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Coax Cable Construction
117
![Page 118: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Cable Loss
Loss per foot increases as cable size decreases
Loss greatest at high freq. Resulting in lack of picture definition (detail)
118
![Page 119: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Cable Types
Video double shielded (RG6 type), .305” diameter, 75 Ohm, 98% Shield, VOP 66%, loss/C 1MHz .25dB, 10MHz .78dB
119
![Page 120: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Cable Types
Video single shielded (RG59 type), .242” diameter, 75 Ohm, 95% Shield, VOP 78%, loss/C 1MHz .3dB, 10MHz .9dB
120
![Page 121: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Cable Types
CATV Double shield(RG59 type), .237” diameter, 75 Ohm, 100% Shield, VOP 82%, loss/C See chart
121
![Page 122: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Cable Types
CATV Double shield(RG6 type), .275” diameter, 75 Ohm, 100% Shield, VOP 82%, loss/C See chart
122
![Page 123: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Loss Per Hundred Ft.Ch 2 54 MHzCh 13 216 MHzCh 36 300 MHzCh 62 456 MHzCh 80 872 MHzCh 158 1002 MHz
123
![Page 124: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
124
![Page 125: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
End Week 9
Review Week 10
125
![Page 126: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Distribution, Switching, and RecordingDiscussion
126
![Page 127: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Distribution
Video distribution amplifier VDA
Amplifier that provides usually 4 – 6 isolated outputs from one input
127
![Page 128: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Equalizing
Equalizing may be stand alone or part of a VDA
Compensates for long video cable runs
Multiburst test signal usually used.
128
![Page 129: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Multiburst Test Patern
129
![Page 130: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Normal Response
130
![Page 131: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
High Freq. Loss
12331
![Page 132: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
High Freq. Peaking
132
![Page 133: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Routing Switchers
Sometimes called cross-point switchers.
May have many inputs and many outputs.
Often use electronic control panels
133
![Page 134: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Routing Switchers
May be build into equipment to provide “Input” selection or stand alone unit to provide a mechanical way to select a signal to send to a destination (1 x 10, 6 x 2, etc.)
134
![Page 135: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Switching (Production)
Signals must be synchronous
Non-synchronous signals processed with frame synchronizer (built in)
135
![Page 136: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Ross Prod. Switchers
http://www.rossvideo.com/production-switchers/vision/models.html
136
![Page 137: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Timing
Signals must be timed (adjusted) so leading edge of sync is the same for all inputs.
137
![Page 138: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
138
![Page 139: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Phasing
Subcarrier phase must be adjusted to the same value for all signals.
Do not confuse with Burst Phase
139
![Page 140: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
1400
![Page 141: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Dissolve, Wipe, Key
Switcher has a number of buses
Two paired buses may mix signals in a number of ways
141
![Page 142: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Dissolve
The process of replacing one signal with another
During the transition both signals are present
142
![Page 143: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Wipe
The process of replacing one signal with another
The two signals are separated by a pattern one signal on one side the other on the second side
143
![Page 144: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Key
Luminance keyChroma keyMat keyExternal key
144
![Page 145: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
Luminance Key process
Electronic circuits detect adjustable luminance levels of the video signal and creates a cut-out signal that is filled with a second video
145
![Page 146: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
Mat Key process
Electronic circuits detect adjustable luminance levels of the video signal and creates a cut-out signal that is filled with a color produced by the mat generator.
146
![Page 147: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
Chroma Key process
Electronic circuits detect adjustable chroma values of the video signal and creates a cut-out signal that is filled with a second video
147
![Page 148: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
External Key process
External device (like a CG) that provides a key signal (cookie cutter) as well as a fill signal. The key signal cuts a pattern out of the primary video signal.
148
![Page 149: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Transitions & MovesVideo Transitions 5:10https://mccneb.ensemblevideo.com/app/plugin/embed.aspx?ID=nePspdTVvEGXfEBfDgjNBw
Camera Lens Adjustments 4:18https://mccneb.ensemblevideo.com/app/plugin/embed.aspx?ID=_DXLd6a3mk65OpbqI7H7CA
Camera Movements 4:00https://mccneb.ensemblevideo.com/app/plugin/embed.aspx?ID=iWG_rnKMNEC8bLAHLejbAA
149
![Page 150: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Recording
Similar to audioUses both stationary and
rotating headsMany formats
150
![Page 151: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Video heads
151
![Page 152: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
152
![Page 153: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Heads
Stationary heads used for audio and control track
Rotary heads used for video erase and record/playback
Some have stationary erase head
153
![Page 154: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
Tape formats
BetaCamVHS and SVHS¾” U-Matic1” type COther consumer types
154
![Page 155: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Playback
Tracking (control track)Slow motionTime base correctionDropout compensation
155
![Page 156: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
End Week 10
156
![Page 157: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
Digital Video
Process similar to audioSample rate often 4X SCSync is not sampled coded
word contains sync infoRequires high bandwidth
157
![Page 158: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Storage medium
DV tape recorderHard DriveVCD/DVDOther professional formatsSD type cards
158
![Page 159: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Antialiasing
Low pass filtering necessaryBlurry glass used to add a
small blur to image
159
![Page 160: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
A to D conversion
Analog signal from sensor is converted to digital and sent to DSP
160
![Page 161: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Other processes
Matrix for colorimetry and white balance
GamaChroma SubsamplingSharpening
161
![Page 162: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
Compression
Type of compression depends on use of media
StoredTransmittedTransmission medium
162
![Page 163: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
Compression Basics
Uncompressed NTSC720X480 using 4:2:2 YCrCbAt 30 FPS Requires 165 Mbps
163
![Page 164: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
Compression Basics
Used to reduce file size or transmission bandwidth
Most types are based on retaining static image segments and transmitting motion
164
![Page 165: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Type of Compression
MPEG 1 and 2MPEG 4JPEGH.261, 263, 264 for packet
switched networksOthers
165
![Page 166: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
Improving fine motion detailH.263 and others use Block
sizes of 16X16 or 8X8H.264 and Windows Video 9
CODEC (WMV9/VC-1) use 4X4
166
![Page 167: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
8X8 vs 4X4
167
![Page 168: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
DV Format
Use 8 bits (0 – 255)Black is 16White is 235
168
![Page 169: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Setup (pedestal) on DV
Europe and Asia use 0 for black
USA uses 7.5 IRE for blackMenu selected for analog
out (0 or 7.5)
169
![Page 170: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
DV Sampling
Same rate as D1, D5, Digital Betacam
720 Pixels per scan lineColor sampled at ½ rateHence 4:1:1 for 525 line
(NTSC)170
![Page 171: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
DV Compression
Uses Intraframe CompressionDoes not depend on
preceding or following frames
171
![Page 172: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
DV Compression
Uses Adaptive Interfield compression
If little difference in two interlaced fields are detected it will compress them together
172
![Page 173: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
DV Compression
5:1 compressionDV Video 25 megabit/secSound 1.5 Subcode & Error corr. 8.7Total data stream about
35.382 megabit/sec173
![Page 174: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
File Format Conversion
174
![Page 175: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
Prism features
Prism lets you set compression/encoder rates, resolution and frame rate of output files. Prism supports everything from HD to high compression for smaller files. You can even set a specific size for output files.
175
![Page 176: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
File format conv. from
.avi .asf .mpg .mpeg
.mpe .vob .mov .3gp
.mp4 .m4u .flu .mku
.mod .ogm .divx .dv(Both Windows & MAC
format)176
![Page 177: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
File format conv. to
.avi .wmv* .asf* .mpg
.mov .3gp .mp4 .flu
.swf .rm* .gif* .dv
.mp3 .wavBoth Windows and Mac
format (except *)177
![Page 178: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
Menu Options
178
![Page 179: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Menu Options
179
![Page 180: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
USB 1 and USB 2
Rely on host processorsUSB 1 speed of 1.5 Mbit/sUSB 2 speed of 480 Mbit/sMost USB 2 devices run at
240 Mbit/s
180
![Page 181: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Cable Lengths
USB 1 & 2 16’ (up to 5 active extensions)
USB 3 9.8’ (active cable available 65’)
1394 15’ (new type 32.8’)
181
![Page 182: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
Power available
USB 1 100 maUSB 2 100 maUSB 3 150 ma1394 1.5 A 45 wattsThunderbolt 10 watts
182
![Page 183: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
1394 Firewire
Brand names for 1394FireWire – Apple Inc.i.LINK – SonyLYNX – Texas Instrument
183
![Page 184: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
Firewire
More used than USB2 as it does not need computer support and has higher speed (400 Mbit/S)
184
![Page 185: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
Firewire Connectors
4 Pin does not have power 6 pin does have power
185
![Page 186: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
Firewire
1394c amendment will support 800Mbit/sec for 100 m of CAT 5 cable Approved June 12, 2008
186
![Page 187: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Thunderbolt Information
http://www.apple.com/thunderbolt/
187
![Page 188: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
Comparing I/O Speeds
188
![Page 189: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
Resources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewire
189
![Page 190: Metropolitan Community College Audio Video Production Engineering Part 2 Video Rev. 6c](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022032705/56649dc05503460f94ab4997/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
Discussion
QuestionsFeedbackSuggestionsOther
190