mets: metadata encoding & transmission standard merrilee proffitt society of american archivists...
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METS: Metadata Encoding & Transmission Standard
Merrilee ProffittSociety of American ArchivistsAugust 2002
Metadata Matters 2
Overview
Problem definitionMETS schema METS InitiativeSummary
Metadata Matters 3
Overview
Problem definitionMETS schema METS InitiativeSummary
Metadata Matters 4
Digital (Library) Objects
Digital Library Objects are… Reformatted to digital “Born digital” Simple Complex
Metadata Matters 5
Structural metadata
Maps physical files (digital assets) to logical items (complex digital objects) Scanned print material A/V material Multimedia presentations
Metadata Matters 6
Other Metadata
All types of digital objects have other (non-structural) metadata descriptive
• MARC, DC, MODS, etc. administrative
• rights technical
• format details Standards exist or emerging for these
Metadata Matters 7
Overview
Problem definitionMETS schema METS InitiativeSummary
Metadata Matters 8
METS Scope
Supports Structural metadata
• complex reformatted or born digital objects Metadata wrapper framework
• descriptive, administrative, structural, etc.• structural required• others use namespaces to reference
“extension schemas”
Metadata Matters 9
METS Scope
Data transfer syntax between applications between institutions
Driver for applications page turner audio player multimedia presentation
Metadata Matters 10
Ebind/MOA2
Electronic Binding Project (Ebind) 1996 modeled structural metadata
Making Of America II project Developed November 1997-January 2000 Funded by DLF and NEH, participants
• Cornell, NYPL, Penn State, Stanford, Berkeley
Designed for scanned archival collections XML DTD defining explicit descriptive,
administrative and structural metadata
Metadata Matters 11
MOA2
February 2001 DLF workshop on structural metadata Harvard, LC, MOA2 participants, others
Outcome: METS definition emphasis on structural metadata,
archiving and sharing wider scope of participants, content
types change to namespace-qualified XML
schema, framework architecture
Metadata Matters 12
METS Header
Administrativemetadata
FileInventory
Structuremap
Descriptivemetadata
Behavioralmetadata
METS metadata “buckets”
optional
optional
optional required
optional optional
Metadata Matters 13
METS metadata
XML “extension schemas” descriptive metadata
• Dublin Core, MARC, MODS, etc. administrative/technical metadata
• NISO image technical metadata• LC schemas for A/V technical metadata• Rights metadata (XrML, ODRL)
Metadata Matters 14
M e tad a ta R e fe re n ce M e tad a ta W rap p er
D e scrip tive M e ta d a ta
Metadata Reference (mdRef): A link to external descriptive metadata. The type of link (URN, handle, etc.) is included as an attribute, as is the metadata type.
Metadata Wrapper (mdWrap): Included descriptive metadata, as either binary data (Base64 encoded) or in XML using namespace mechanism. The metadata type is specified as an attribute.
Wrap or reference
Metadata Matters 15
T e ch n ica lM eta da ta
IP R ig h tsM eta da ta
S o u rceM eta da ta
P re serva tionM eta da ta
A d m in is tra tiveM eta da ta
Technical Metadata (techMD): technical metadata regarding content files
IP Rights Metadata (rightsMD): rights metadata regarding content files or primary source material
Source Metadata (sourceMD): provenance information for content files.
Preservation Metadata (preservationMD): metadata to assist in preservation of digital content
All sections use generic metadata reference and wrapper subelements.
METS Administrative Metadata Section
Metadata Matters 16
e tc ., e tc ., e tc.
F ile G ro up F ile
F ile G ro up F ile
F ile In ve n to ry(F ile G ro u p)
File Group (fileGrp): provides mechanism for hierarchically subdividing physical files, for example by type
File (file): provides a pointer to an external file or includes file content internally by Base64 encoding
METS File Inventory
Metadata Matters 17
e tc ., e tc. e tc ....
D iv is io n M E T S P o in te r F ile P o in te r
D iv is io n M E T S P o in te r F ile P o in te r
D iv is io n
S tru c tu ra l M ap
The Structural Map provides a tree structure describing the original document. Each division (div) element is a node in that tree, and can identify content files associated with that division by a METS Pointer (mptr) or a File Pointer (fptr)
METS Structural Map
Metadata Matters 19
METS and OAIS framework
Metadata Matters 20
METS and OAIS framework
Submission Information Package (SIP)• METS as transfer syntax
Dissemination Information Package (DIP)
• METS as transfer syntax• METS as input to display applications
Archival Information Package (AIP)• METS stored internally in an archive
Metadata Matters 21
Overview
Problem definitionMETS schema METS InitiativeSummary
Metadata Matters 22
METS Initiative
Establishment of an editorial board with an editor-in-chief
Complete the first version of the schema, ensure support for other digital library work
Encourage field testing of METS and gather feedback
Tools Extension schemas
Metadata Matters 23
Library of Congress
Network Development and MARC Standards Office provides hosting for developing the standard
WebsiteListserv
Metadata Matters 24
Digital Library Federation/RLG
“Work coordinators”FundingAdministrative support
Metadata Matters 25
Overview
Problem definitionMETS schema METS InitiativeSummary
Metadata Matters 26
METS summary
Descriptive/technical/administrative metadata not defined internally points to external standard schemas
• Dublin Core, MARC, NISO imaging, etc. set of “best practice” schemas being
identified
Metadata Matters 27
METS summary
Structural metadata defined internally and required SMIL-lite
• simple support for multimedia, audio/visual
• SMIL may replace eventually
Metadata Matters 28
METS summary
Current users include• UC Berkeley (archival collections)• Harvard (scanned print publications, e-
journals)• Library of Congress (audio/visual collections)• EU MetaE project (historic newspapers)• Michigan State (oral history collections)• Univ of Virginia (FEDORA digital objects)• MIT (DSpace)• RLG (RLG Cultural Materials)• more daily...
Metadata Matters 29
METS summary
Tools under development for metadata capture transformation transfer dissemination/display
Profiles necessary for interoperation Which extension schemas used? How structure maps are organized…
Metadata Matters 30
METS summary
Current status version 1.0 (zeta) released in
February; version 1.0 released July editorial board established LC standards office for maintenance
agency RLG underwriting
• help with documentation and training, seek funding to host editorial board and to continue other efforts
Metadata Matters 31
METS summary
METS is not all things to all people… Designed for local institutional application
support• Solving an immediate local problem• Common to many institutions• Flexible framework supports many institutional
situations Profiling necessary to interoperate
• For OAIS packages• For shared tools• For other kinds of interoperation (e.g. cross
repository search)
Metadata Matters 32
For More Information…
METS homepage: http://www.loc.gov/standards/METS (includes information about the METS listserv)
Merrilee Proffitt, [email protected]