mg san shar

8/2/2019 Mg San Shar

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rESif;nGefUrSmvnf;tazmfawGygom;uyJ?onfuudpNyD;vQiftudkMuD;bdk;&GJqDoGm;Mu&OD;r,fAs?uRefawmf h tudku tifrwef avmbMuD;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? reJppfwdkuf Mu&OD;r,f? pdwfxGufNyDqdkrSjzifh usKyftpfudku tifrwef aMumufp&maumif;wJh vlcifAs? b,fvdkrsm; tajymtqdkMuyfwJh vlwpfa,mufrSef; rodbl;}

uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; tpfudku b,ft&yfrSmvJ}

uJ/ /]rdUywfvrf;rSm cifAs}

uRefawmf/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh oGm;&rJh twlwl wpfcgwnf; oGm;MupdkU? vmAsm}

uJ/ /]onfvdkvnf; rjzpfbl;cifAs? cifAsm;wdkUudk zef;ueJ uRefawmfu ac: oGm;NyD;&if olu bmajymOD;r,f uRefawmfvnf; rodwwfbl;? onfhjyifwpfcsufuvnf ; onftjzpftysufawGudk uRefawmfvnf; tukeftpif rodao;bl ;? odavmufom uRefawmfodw,f? onfawmh uRefawmfod oavmufudk uRef awmfu ajymjyNyD; b,fyHkb,fenf; pDrHMur,fqdk wm rdwfaqGwdkUu qHk;jzwfMuapcsifygw,f cifAsm}

&Sm;/ /]udkif;Asm? ajymp&m&Sdwm jrefjref ajymprf;yg}

uJ/ /]ajymygr,f cifAsm? uRefawmfwdkU tazu vGefcJhwJh ppf MuD;twGif;rSm ppfrIxrf; &GufcJhygw,f cifAsm? ppfjzpfonfhtcgu tazrSm toufyif BuD;aomfvnf; a&S;jrefrmrif; vufxuf uwnf;u ppf rsdK;ppfEG,fjzpfavawmh tpdk ;&rif;rsm;u toufyifMuD;aomfvnf;trIxrf;cGifhy cJh ygw,f cifAsm? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkU taz vdkufNyD ;oGm;/ ppfajrjyifrSm rusef;rrm &SdwmESifh ppfBuD;rNyD;cif ajcmufvavmufrSmyJ jyefvmcJh&ygw,f cifAsm? ppfxJrSm trIxrf;&GufpOf tcgu vcrsm; b,favmuf &w,f rajymwwfygbl;? jyefvmawmhjzifh aiGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;BuD; ygvmwJh vuPm &Sdw,fcifAs/ jyefvd kU cPavmufMum&ifyJ rdUywfvrf;rS m tdrfBuD ; wpfaqmif

0,f? onf u NcHudkvnf ; 0,f? 0,fNyD; tifrwef crf;crf;em;em; aexdkifcJhygw,fcifAsm? uRefawmfwdkUvnf; ppfrIxrf;&Gufw,fqdkwm wpf0rf ;wpfcg;vSvS pm;EdkifaomufEkdif&Hkavmufxifygw,f? tazrSmawmh aMu;aiGawG ygvSacsuvm;vdkU tH hMordyg&JU? tHhMoaomfvnf; b,fenf;ESifh &&av? aumif;aumif ; rGef rGef ae&xdkif&vdkU vSvSyy oHk ;pGJ&&if NyD;a&mvdkU bmrS ar;jcif; jref;jcif; rvkyfcJhbl; cifAs? uRefawmfwdkUrSm nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf&Sdygw,f cif Asm? bkd;&GJwJ h bdk;uJwJ h? t>rm arG;cifAs? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkUtazh rdwfaqGOD;om[efwpfa,muf aysmufqHk;oGm;w,fvdkUowif;pmawGxJrSmawGUawmh b,fenf;ESifhaysmufjcif ;rvSaysmuf&avovJvdkUtazha&SUrSm uRefawmfwd kU nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wdkifyifESD;aESmMuawmh tazuvnf; bmrS 0ifNyD; rajymbl ; cifAs? ajymawmh ajymyg&JUav? olvJyJ rodwJh [efESif h wpf cGef; ESpfcGGef; 0ifNyD; ajymyg&J U? odkUaomfvnf; OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;wJh taMumif; [m bmaMumifh aysmufqHk;rSef; uRefawmfwdkU tazod&SdaMumif;udk uRefawmfwdkUjzifh enf;enf;rS r&dyfrdbl;cifAs? odkUaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkU wpfckawmh


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&dyfrdw,f cifAs? bmvJqdk awmh uRefawmfwdkU taz[m ppfxJu jyefvmNyD;wJhaemuf wpfpHkwpfckaom ab;Oyg'ftE &m,fudk tpOfrjywf aMumuf&GHU aewJ h vuPm &Sdw,f? bm&,fvdkUawmh rqdkEkdifbl;? wpfpHkwpfckudkawmh ol trS efaMumufaewJh vuPmyJ? bmaMumifhuRefawmfwdkU odovJqdkawmh uRefawmfwd kUtaz[m t&ifwkef;u tifrwef owdaumif;aomfvnf;

ppfxJu jyefvmNyD;wJh aemuf wpfa,mufxJawmifrS vrf;ravQmuf0Hhbl; cifAs? NyD;awmhvJqdk ;ayhqdkwJh acG;MuD;rsm;udkvnf ; 0,fNyD;arG;xm;w,f? aoewfvd kifpifudkvJ r&&atmif avQmufawmif ;NyD; cg;ydkufxJu b,ftcgrS rcsbl;? onf[mawG jrifawmh uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,muf tusdK;taMumif;udk ar;? ar;ayrJh rajymbl; cifAs? NyD;awmhvJyJ uRefawmfwdk U tazuopfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlrsm; jrif&if tifrwef vefUwwfw,f cifAs/ [d kwavmu vlwpfa,mufrD;&xm;eif;rd &SmvdkU ajcaxmufrSm opf om;MuD;wyfNyD; awmif;pm;ae&&S mwm? taz jrifwmESifh bmrsm; atmufarhw,f rajymwwfygbl;cifAsm? ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh oGm;ypfvdkufwm uHaumif;vdkUrrSef ayvdkU? 'gawmif uRefawmfwdkUrSm ykvdyfawG bmawG aiGawG xdk;vdkuf&wm awmfawmf ydkufqHukef oGm;ao;w,f? [dkwkef;uawmh onfopfom;ajcaxmufudk bmaMumifh taz

onf avmuf rkef ;ygvdrfh rwkef;vdkU atmif;arhrdw,f? aemufusawmhrS onft"dyg,f&dyfrdwmudk;cif As? 'gES ifh ajym&OD;r,f? onfu rESif;nGefU&JU taz OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;aMumif; uRefawmfwdkU od&NyD;wJhaemuf oHk;vavmuf tMumrS m wpfaeUo xrif;pm;NyD; aeMuwkef;tazhemrnfESifh pmwpfapmif &w,f cifAs? pm&vdkU zGifhNyD;vnf ; zwfua&m tazvnf; rsufESmrsm;rnf;NyD ; wk efwkef,if,ifESifh tajcysuf oGm;vdkufwm uRefawmfwdkUu bmtaMumif;vJvdkU ar;vdkUvnf; r&bl; cifAs? onfuaeUupNyD; uRefawmfwdkUtaz rusef;rrmjzpfvdkufwmtoufodkUom wdkifyga&m cifAsm? onfpmvJ uRefawmfwdkU rjrif&ygbl;? onfvdkESifh wjznf;jznf; wydefydef wamf mfESifhjzpfNyD; ESpfvavmuf tMumrSm tdyf&mxJ vkH;vHk;vJyga&m cifAsm? 'gESifh wpfaeUoawmh uRefawmfwdkUtazrS tarmMuD;qdkufNyD; aor,fvdkU qJqJ jzpfaeavawmh uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudk ESpfa,mufvnf; tem;u rcGmbJ ypkaecJhMu? n &Spfem&Dausmf tcsdefavmufrSm wHcg;awG tydwf cdkif;NyD; uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,mufudk tem;ac:NyD; ajymyga&mcifAsm? uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,mufvnf; ckwif wpfbuf wpfcsufu 'l;axmufNyD; em;axmifaeMuw,f cifAs}

&Sm;/ /]bmrsm; ajymovJAsm? ajymprf;yg}

uJ/ /]onfvdkcifAs? igh om;rsm;&,fwJh? tazhrSm ,ckpdwfrat;wJh tcsufwpf ck &Sdw,fwJh?onftcsufu bmvJqdkawmh OD;om[ef&JU orD; rESif;nGefUuav;udk tazu rw&m;ojzifh epfem

atmif yusifhcJhrdw,fwJh? tazhrSm yp nf;b@mawGrsm;pGm &SdwJhteufu rESif;nGefUuav;u wpf0uf rQ &xdkufaomfvnf; tazu avmbxGufNyD; wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS cGJa0NyD ; ray;bJ aecJhrd w,fwJh? avmb? avmb w,fcuf yguvm;wJh? ukd,fvnf; ukefatmif roHk;Edkif/ olrsm;vnf;cGJa0NyD; ray;&uf? w,fcufyguvm;wJh ajymNyD; acgif;tHk;atmufu uEkurmaowmuav;wpfvHk; xkwf,ljyNyd; onftxJrSm ykvJaumif; ykvJjrwf 30 rQud k rESif;nG efUxJ ay;ydk UzdkU tazBuHcJhaomfvnf ; ay;cgeD;us&if vufwkefwkefNyD; ray;&ufEkdifbl;wJh? onfawmh igr&SdwJh aemufudk rif;wdkUuay;ydk U&pf MuyguG,fwJh? NyD;awmhrSwpfcg tazu rESif;nGefUESifh igwdkUESifh qufoG,fyHk taMumif;ajymjyOD;r,fwJh? rESif;nGefUtaz OD;om[efu ESvHk;a&m*gpGJaew,fwJh? pGJuyfayrJhonftaMumif ; b,folrS rodbl;? igwpfa,mufom odw,f? olvnf; cyfayghayghESifh

aecJhwmayghav? 'gESifh ppf ajrjyifrSm twlwuG xrf;&GufaeMuwk ef; igwdkU ESpfa,mufypnf;b@mrsm;pGmwdkUudk twlwuG &&SdMuw,f? b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh &w,fqdkwmudkawmh tazajymjyzdkU


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tcsdef r&Sdbl;? 'gESifh tazu t&ifjyefESifhvdkU ypnf;awG ,lNyD; vmESifhcJh? aemuf ola&mufvmawmholUtwGuf tpk olvmNyD; awmif;wmayghav? awmif;vmawmh igwdkUESpfa,muf ta0rnDMubl;aygh? ta0rnDavawmh wpfa,mufwpfa,muf rdk;vm;uJ vm;ESifh pum;rsm;NyD; aeMuwkef; zef;ceJqdk oli,fcsif; armifom[ef u a'gowMuD;ESifh xdkif&mu xvdkufyga&muG,f? xvdkufonfESifh

wpfydifeuf olU&ifbwf olESdyfNyD; a&SUxdk;toG m;? igvnf; qD;NyD ; qGJvdkufr,fvkyfwkef;rqGJrdbl ;a[h? rsufESmESifh usoGm;&SmNyD; oHaowmESifh acgif;ES ifh aqmifhoGm;NyD; Murf;ay:rSm yufvufMuD; pif;aeyga&ma[h? onfawmh tazu xlr,fvdkUvnf; vkyfyga&m toufvnf; r&Sd&Smygbl;? ckeifu ajymwJh ESvHk;a&m*gESifhyJ ao&Smavovm;? aowmESifh aqmifhrdvdkU ao&Smavovm;? tazjzifh rajymwwfbl;uG,f? odkUaomf tazhvufcsufaMumifh ao&Smwmjzifhr[kwfygbl ;uG,f? tazvnf; aocgeD; ighom;rsm;ud k vdrfNyD; rajymygbl;? 'gESifh tazvnf; b,fhES,f vkyf &r,frod? 'gESifh thHtm;oifhNyD;aewkef ; tdrf rSm cdkif;wJh tapcH ijym;u tcef;xJ 0ifNyD; vmwmudk ;uGJ? vmvmjcif; olu wHcg;udk ydwfwJhNyD q&ma&U bmrS rpdk;&drfESifh?uRefawmfwpfa,muf vHk; &S dao;w,fwJh? q&m owfaMumif; b,folrS rodap&bl;? uRefawmf

EIwfvHkygw,f q&m&JUwJh? onfawmh onftavmif;udk tomuav; r yfypfvdkufvQif NyD;a&m r[kwfvm; q&m&,fwJh? ajymwmudk ;uGJ/ onf awmh igu ig rowfaMumif; ajymawmh oluuRefawmf odygw,f q&mwJh/ q&mwdkU vufOD; pum;rsm;a&m? rsm;NyD; q&mu &dkufvdkufwJhtoHuRefawmfMum;ygw,f? ruG,fygESifh q&m? uRefawmfhudk ,HkMunf hyg? EIwfvHkygw,f? udp r&Sdygbl;?wpftdrfvHk;vnf; tdyfukefMuygNyD? tavmif;udk tomuav; vlrodatmif ryfypfvdkufvQif NyD;a&mr[kwfbl;vm;wJh? ajymwmudk;uGJU? onfawmh udk,fhtapcHuawmif udk,fowfw,f xifaeNyD; Opm?&Hk;usvQifvnf; ighpum;ukd ,HkMur,f r[kwfacsbl;? r,HkrSjzifh ig cufacs&JUvdkU atmif;arhNyD; ijym; tBuHtwdkif; vdkufemNyD; tavmif;udk q&mwynfhESpfa,muf nwGif;csif ; 0if;xJrSm wl;NyD;ryfvdkufMuwmudk;uGJU} [k armifbdk;uJuajym&m rESif;nGefUvnf; zcif\ taMumif;rsm;udk Mum;od&onfESifh rsuf&nf rqnfEdkifatmif &Sdae&Smav\/

if;aemuf armifbkd;uJvnf; qufvuf ]udkif; onfawmh onftrIrSm uRefawmfwdkU tjypf r[kwfaMumif; xif &Sm;NyD r[kwfvm;cifAsm? 'gESifh tazu ajymwm qufNyD; uRefawmfajymyg&apOD;?

]igwdkUvJ tavmif;udk wl;NyD; r yf? r yfNyD;awmh avb xGufvmjyefwmudk;uGJU? onftavmif;udk zHk;zdEkdifvQif yp nf;udkvnf; igrzHk;zdEdkifbl;vm;wJh? onfawmh onfypnf;awGqdk if&m tarGcH tarGpm; rsm;ud k cGJa0NyD; ray;bJ igcsnf; wpfa,mufwnf; ,l&vQif b,folu

odEdkifOD;rSmvJwJ h? aAGazmufvm jyefwmudk;uGJU? udkif; udkif; ajymae pum;&Snfaea&mhr,f? ig touf&SifpOftcg avmbEdkifiHvd kufNyD; ay;oifhonfh yp nf;rsm;udk olUorD;uav;tm; ray;bJ &SdcJhaomfvnf; igaoNyD;wJhaemuf rif ;wdkUu repfem&atmif ypkapmifha&Smuf&pfMuyguG,f? ighom;rsm; yp nf;rsm;teufu wpf0ufudk olUorD;xH ay;ydkUvdkufMuygbduG,f? uJ uJyp nf;xm;wJhae&m taz ajymjyOD;r,f em;axmif? rif;wd kUem; tazyg;pyfem; uyfMuprf;uG,f?ypnf;xm;wJh ae&muav;vdkU ajymum &Sdao;w,f? zef ;ueJqdk rsufvHk;MuD;awG jyL;NyD;vmwmudk; cifAs? vmNyD; vSJae&mu vufaxmufNyD; xrvdkUvkyf&m jywif; aygufqDudk vufdI;xdk;NyD;[dktaumif r0ifygapESifh? vkyfMuyguG,f&dkU? [dktaumif r0ifygapESifhvdkU aMumuftm;vefUtm;ESifh[pfNyD; atmfwmudkcifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; jywif ;ayguf&Sd&m zef;ceJ Munfhvdkufawmh

vm; vm; cifAsm? jywif;ayguf tjyifbufu vlwpfa,muf rSefjywif;ESifh rsufESmESif h uyfNyD; uRefawmfwdkU&Sd&m Munfhaewm awGU&wmudk; cifAs? onfvlUrsufESmu EIwfcrf;arG; aumif;aumif;


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cifAs/ aumif;qdkcifAsm? *smrefbk&ifudkifZm EIwfcrf;arG;rsdK;ygyJcifAs? rsufvHk;uvnf; jyL;wJhtay:rSm tifrwef rkef;xm;wJh pdwfESifh uRefawmfwdk Uudk pdkufNyd; Munfhaewmudk; cifAs? onfvljrifawmh uRefawmfwkdU nDtpfudkESpfa,mufvnf ; zef;ceJqdk xNyD; ol &Sd&m jywif;aygufudk ajy;oGm;Mu? tem;vnf; a&mufua&m olvnf; r&Sdbl; cifAs? 'gES ifh uRefawmfwdkUvnf ; tazckwifem;

jyefvmMu? a&mufvn;f a&mufua&m tazvnf; touf r&S dygbl; cifAsm? 'gESifh onfnu tazh tavmif;jyifNyD; tdyfMuawmh reuf usawmh uRefawmfwdkU tazhaowmawG pm;yGJ tHqGJawG? om;a&tdwfawG tukefvHk; arTxm;vdkufwm yGaewmyJ cifAs/ NyD;awmhvnf; tazhtavmif; rSm wG,ftyfESifh pm&Gufuav; wpfckudk xdk;vdkU? pm&Gufudk Munfhawmh ]av;OD;om; vufcsuf} vdkU a&;xm;wmudk awGUw,f cif As? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkUvJ onf[mawG[m {uE nujrifvdkuf&wJh vl vufcsufyJ qdkwmawmh awG;rdyg&JU? olU b,fqD&Sm &r,fvJ rawG;wwfbl; cifAs}

&Sm;/ / ]bmypnf;rsm; aysmufao;ovJ}

uJ/ / ]uRefawmfwdkU odoavmufjzifh bmypnf;rS raysmufbl; cifAs? uRefawmfwdkU wpfckjzifh awG;rd&JU? nu tazESif h uRefawmfwdkU jrifvdkufwJhvl[m taz wpfoufvHk; aMumufNyD;aewJh vlyJudk; qdkwmawmh awG;rd&JU cifAs? odkUaomf bmaMumif h aMumufrSef;awmh uRefawmfwdkUrawG;rdbl;cifAs} [k ajym armifbdk;uJvnf; aq;vdyfudk Sd aomufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkU\ tHhMoaom rsufESmrsm;udk MunfhIum oabmusonfh trlt&ESifh &SdaeNyD;aemuf qufvufajymjyefonfrSm

]udk if; onf awmh tazvnf; aooGm;NyD? yp nf;awGvnf; b,ft&yf b,fae&mrSm0Sufxm;cJhw,fqdkwm ajymvnf; roGm;bl;? onfawmh onfypnf;[m{uE0if;jcHtwGif; wpfae&m &mrSm ryfNyD; xm;rSmyJvd kU oabm&wmESifh tazhpsmye udp NyD;NyD;jcif; wpf0if;vHk; wpfNcHvkH;wl;vdk uf qGvdkufMuwmqdkwm bmajymaumif;rvJ cifAs? wpf0if;vHk; jywltHkusoGm;wmyJ? onfvdkESifh &Smvdkuf Muwm oHk ;av;vom &SdoGm;yga&m cif Asm? yp nf;qdk bmtpterS rawGU&bl; cifAsm? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkUrS m ajymcgeD;qJqJuav;rSmrS taz toufxGufoGm;&avjcif ;vdkU tifrwef ,lusHK;r& jzpfNyD; rcsdrqefU jzpfaewmudk;cifAs? onf ypnf;awG[mb,f avmuf tzdk;wefr,f rwefr,fqd k wmawmh oljycJhwJh aowmuav;wpf ck Munfh&HkESifh odEdkifavmufwmudk; cifAs? onfykvJawG twGufvnf; uRefawmf tpfudkESifh uRefawmfESifhpum;rsm;Mu&ao;w,f cifAs? tpfud ku tazvdkyJ tifrwefavmbxGufwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ cifAs?aemufrS uRefawmf twefwef ajymEdkifvGef;vdkU rdef;uav;rSm riwfrGwf rqif;&J&atmif ykvJawGudk

wpfvHk;pD vDNyD; ydkUzdkU ol oabmwlwmudk; cifAs? &&JU r[kwfvm;Asm rESif;nGefU} nGefU/ /]&ygw,f&Sif? ykvJ q,fhESpfvHk; uRefr &ygw,f? onftwGufvJ aus;Zl;wifyg

w,f&Sif}

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tavmif;&Sd&m tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufjyefvQif uRefawmfu

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uRefawmf/ /(aocsmpGm prf;oyfNyD;aemuf) ]onfhvdkyif vlaorsm;uawmh awmihf&HkyJawmihfw,f? onf[muawmh taMumawGudk rmNyD; wif;aew,f}

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aew,fvdkU Mum;zl;w,fAsm? awGUawmh rawGUbl;aybl;}

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&Sm;/ /]uRefawmf ajymzdkU vdkygzl;Asm? cifAsm;vnf; odEdkifygw,f MunfhygOD;awmh}


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ckdif/ /]aMomf onftrIawmh cifAsm; mPf rrSDEdkifbl; rSwfw,f? cif Asm; pHkaxmufyHkawG uRefawmfvnf; Mum;awmh Mum;zl;yg&JU? odkUaomf cifAsm; pOf;pm;yHkawGu mPfaumif;vdkUonf avmuf r[kwfbl ; uHaumif;vdk U ay:wmawG xifw,fAs? usKyfwd kU pum;yH k &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;/ Muufuef;qeftdk;awGUqdkwmrsdK; vdkayghAs} [k ajymvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; uRefawmftm;

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ckdif/ /]jywif;aygufudk twGif ;u ydwfxm;wmawGU&ifjzifh abmifay:rSm ajc&mawGUayr,fh

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cdkif/ /][m [kwfayw,f? onftcsufu &Sdayao;w,f? ukdif; 'gjzif h onfvdk aumAsm/bdk;uJ[m bdk;&GJ nDtpfudk awmfw,f? olwdkUESpfa,muf[m rMumrDu pum;rsm;Muzl;w,f? onf[m usKyfwdkU od&w,f r[kwfvm;? onfhjyifvJ tpfudk bdk;&GJ[m ao&Smw,f? ypnf;awGvnf; aysmufoGm;w,f? 'gvnf; usKyfwdkU od&w,f? raeUnu bdk;uJjyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf bdk;&GJ[m b,folESifhrSvJ rawGU&bl;? olUtdyf&mrS mvnf; tdyfwJh vuPm r&S dbl;? bdk;&GJ aoyHk rsufESmxm; Munfh&wmuvJ tif; w,fNyD; r[efvSbl;? Munfhaemf usKyf bd k;uJtay: owKusatmifvkyfvdkufr,f em;axmifMuAs}

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ckdif/ /]udkufygaomfaum rdwfaqG? bmyvdkU rudkuf&rSmvJ? onfu tqdyfvl;xm;wJhql ;[m bdk;uJ &JU ql;r[kwf&if b,folUql; jzpfEkdifOD;rSmvJAs? onf pm&Gufu bmvJ? av;OD;om;vuf csufwJh? onf[mu tvum; bdk;uJu xifa,mifxifrSm; jzpfatmif mPfqifwJh tvHk; awGygAsm? ykvdyfvk yfaeNyD; onfavmufrS ryg;&if cufaea&maygh? odkUaomfvnf; bdk;uJ[m

olUtpfud kudk olowfNyD; b,fvrf;u xGufoGm;ovJwJh? onf[m wpfckyJ ta&;MuD;w,f? aMomfrsufESmMuufrSm taygufBuD;yguvm;AsdKU}


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if;aemuf tif pydwfawmf OD;tkef;ckd ifvnf; ol\ udk,fum,ESifh rvdkufatmif jzwfvwf ayghyg; jcif; &Sdaom trlt&mESifh pm;yGJay:rS wuf rsufESmMuuftaygufrS wufoGm;NyD;vQiftay:rS ae

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]a[h bdk;rSDwdkU}

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&Sm;/ /]udp r&Sdygbl; armifbdk;uJ? raMumufygESifh? onftrIudk usKyf wwftm;orQ ulnDNyD;&Sif;vif;atmif vkyfay;ygr,f? pdwfomcsaeyg? rpdk;&drfygESifh}

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&Sm;/ /]pdwfcsyg udktkef;cdkif? ukdif; cifAsm; odcsif&if onftcef;wGif;udk raeUuvmwJh

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&Sm;/ /]cifAsm;u rMunfhwwf yJwmudk;As? onfrSm Munf hprf;As? onf[mu vufsmbufajc&m r[kwfvm;? a[mMunfh usKyfu onfbufu ajc&m wpfck csvd kufr,f? udkif; usKyfajc&mESifholUajc&mESifh EdIif;,SOfMunfhprf;? bmrsm; xl;jcm;ovJ}

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,if;uJhodkU "mwf&xm;vrf;wpfavQmuf vdkufvmMupOf uRefawmfu

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uRefawmf/ /]'gxuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlqddkwJhtaMumif; cifAsm; b,fhES,faMumifh

aoaocsmcsm odovJAsm? uRefawmfjzifh aumif;aumif;em;rvnfao;ygbl;Asm} &Sm;/ /]bmcufovJAsm? t&Sif;BuD;uyJ? jrefrmppfrIxrf;ES pfa,muf[m ppfajrjyifrSm

ppfrIxrf;vsuf &SdpOf ppfom;rsm;teufrS jypfrI usL;vGefwJh vlrsm;udk apmifhMuyfzdkU wm0efusw,f?onftwGif;rSm ypnf;rsm; ryfESHxm;wJh taMumif;udk olwdkU wpfenf;enf;ESif h odw,f? odawmhum olwdkUtwGuf armif rdk;oD; qdkwJ h vlu ryfxm;wJh ae&mudk ajryHkrsm; qGJNyD;jyw,f? onfawmhumonfu armifrdk;oD;qdkwJh olu olukd,fwkdif bmyvdkU wl;r,lbJ olrsm;udk ajryHkqGJNyD; jyygovJwJh? jyrSmayghAsm? oludk,fwdkiffuawmh tusOf;csKyfcHae&avawmh wl;EdkifwJh t&m&Sdrsm;udk ae&mESifh wuG a&;NyD; jywmudk;As? jyawmh *sr'gOD ;xGef;ausmfESifh OD;om[ef ESpfa,mufvHk;yJvm; odkUr[kwf

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onfavmuf wkefvIyfwmayghAs}

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rSwfxm;}uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJhAsm}

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uRefawmf/ /][kwfygw,fAsm}

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[kwfEdkifrvJAs}uRefawmf/ /][kwfygayw,fAsm}


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&Sm;/ /]udkif; udkif; usKyfwdkU udk,fudk armifrd k;oD; ae&mrSm xm;NyD; Munfhvdkuf MuOD;pdkU? armifrdk;oD;[m axmif u vGwfvmNyD;wJh aemuf ol&xkdufaom ypnf;rsm;ud k jyef&&efwpfaMumif;? olUtay: rw&m;ojzifh yusif hoGm;wJh vlrsm;udk vufpm;acs&efwpfaMumif; vmcJhw,f? vmNyD; *sr'g OD;xGef;ausmf aexdkifwJh t&yfudk olar;jref;pHkprf;vdkU awGUa&m? awGUawmhum twGif;vl

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uRefawmf/ /]rSwfrdygw,f}

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uRefawmf/ /]bdk;&GJudk owfwmu armifrd k;oD;u owfwmvm;? tazmfvk yfwJh vl[muowfwmvm;As}

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uRefawmf/ /]olUtazmftaMumif;ajymygOD;Asm?olUtazmf[mu vlxl; wpfa,mufyJ xifw,f}

&Sm;/ /]xl;ygaomfaumAsm? tifrwef xl;wJh vlaygh? odkUaomf olUtaMumif;cifAsm;aemuf awmh odygvdrfhr,f} [k ajym&if;qdk&if;ESifh avQmufvmMuojzifh MunfhjrifwdkifodkU a&mufvm Mu&m if;t&yfum;vrf;topf jyifqifcif;usif;vsuf&Sdojzifh acG;vnf; eHab;rS avQmuf ajy;oGm;av\/ wpfcPrQ MumavvQif acG;vnf; vrf;eHab;wGif &yfvsuf &Sdaom vSnf;i,f uav;odkU ajy;oGm; vufajcwdkUjzifh ukwf jcpfum jrnfatmfvsuf &Sdav\/ if;vSnf;i,frSm tjcm;r[kwf &ef ukefrdUay: vrf;rsm; jyifonfhtcg uw&map;rsm;udk xnfh t&nfusdKaomvSnf;i,fuav;yif jzpfavaMumif;/

uRefawmfwdkUvnf; rQavmuf tyifyef;cH vdkufvmNyD;aemufrS uw&map;vS nf;i,fwGif vrf;qHk;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&ojzifh armifpH&Sm;rSm tvGefw&m pdwfIyfaomrsufESmxm; ESif h&SdonfwGifuRefawmfvnf;wpfcgrSavSmifajymif&eftcGifhay:ojzifh avSmifajymifum


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&,farmvsuf &Sd pOf armifpH&Sm;vnf; uRefawmftm; ta&;r,lbJ acw OD;acgif;udk azsmufcgpOf;pm;awGa0pGm &SdaeNyD;aemuf

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a&muf onfESifh wpfydifeuf ajc&maysmufoGm;onfh vuPmESifh uRef awmfwdkU\ rsufESmudkarmfMunfhum rBuHwwfatmif &Sdaeav\/

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armfawmfbkwfiSm;vmolrSm opfom;ajcaxmufwpfbufwyfvsuf &SdaMumif;/ raeUuwnf;uxGufoGm;onfrSm ,ckwdkif jyefrvmao;ojzih f pdwfrat; &SdaeaMumif ;? if;opfom;ajcaxmufESifh olrSm roGm;rD wpf&ufuyif vma&muf armfawmfbkwf tvdk&SdaMumif;udk ajymNyD;vQif p&HaiGay;xm;ESifhaMumif ; if;ESifhtazmf wpfa,mufygonfudk rdrd rjrifaMumif ;? armfawmfbkwfrSm t0ga&mif aq;okwf xm;onfjzpfaomaMumifh tjcm;armfawmfbkwfrsm;ES ifhrwl? tvG,fwulESifhodjrifEdkifaMumif;rsm;ESif h rdef;rBuD;u ajymqdkavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; if ;\ uav;tm; rkefUzdk;ESpfusyfrQay;NyD;aemuf xGufvmcJhav\/

vrf;c&D;wGif uRefawmfu ]udkif; b,fES,f vkyfrvJAsm}

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uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh tifpyd wfawmf OD;tk ef;cdkifukd ajymNyD; a&aMumif;bufykvd yf armfawmfbkwf ESifh vdkufr,fAsm}

&Sm;/ /]onfvdkvnf; usKyf rudufbl;? usKyfu usKyfenf;ESifh usKyf vdkufNyD; aemufqHk;aocsmaygufa&mufrS ykvdyfudk ac:csifw,f}


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uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh b,fhES,fvkyfrvJAsm}

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uRefawmf/ /]a*:&if*sDukvm;uav;awG[mvm;}

&Sm;/ /]tppfyJAs? olwd kUuawmh usKyfwdk U ra&mufEdkifwJ hae&m olwdkU a&mufEdkifw,f? usKyfwdkUr0ifEdkifwJ h ae&mrSm olwd kUu tifrwef toHk;usw,fAs? udkif; ud kif; nu wpfnvHk;vnf; rtdyf&bl;? onfuaeU we*FaEGaeUaemf? awmfygao;&JU? cif Asm; tvk yfoGm;zdkU r&Sdbl;? uJ vmAsmtdrfjyefNyD; tarmtyef;ajzMuOD;pdkU&JU}

tdrfodkUa&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf;tapcHwpfa,mufukdapvTwfvdkufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUvnf ; qmavmifrGwfodyfvSonfhtavsmuf eHeufpm pm;aomufNyD;MuonfwGif avScg;rS qlnHpGm

toHMum;NyD;aemuf? ESpfq,fcefUrQaom a*:&if*sD ukvm;uav;wdkUonf tdrfay: odkU ajy;wufvmMuav\/

xdktcg armifpH&Sm;u acgifvlMuD; a*:&if*sDukvm;uav;tm;

]a[h tmyem; vmcJh OD;? aemuf udk ig ac:&if rif ;wpfa,mufom tdrfay:wufcJh? OnfhjyifvlawG wd kufatmufu apmifh aeyap? Mum;vm;? udkif; udkif; onfwpfcgawmh tm;vHk;wufvmwmcyfaumif;aumif;ygyJ av? udkif; rif;wdkU tm;vHk; em;axmifMu} [k ajymojzifh ukvm;uav;wdkUvnf; pDwef;um &yfwefUvsuf &SdMuavvQif

&Sm;/ /]armfwifvrf; odovm;}

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ukvm;uav;rsm;/ /(wydifeuf) ]Mum;w,f tpfudk} &Sm;/ /]rif;wdkU awGUatmif &Sma&mh? awGU&if [dkrSm wpfa,muf tapmifh xm;NyD; ighqDvm

csufjcif; vmajym? Mum;vm;}

]Mum;w,f tpfudk}

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nae oHk;em&DcefU &Sdojzifh uRefawmfvnf; td yf&mrS Edk;avvQif armifpH &Sm;rSm yufvufukvm; xdkifay: aq;wHaomufumpOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&onf jzpf &m uRefawmfEkd;onfudk jrifonfESifh

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vGefcJhonfh {NyDv 11 &ufaeUwGif rufqdkydkawrD,m; ppfajrjyif jrefrmppfom;wpfa,mufESifhtdEd,wd kif;om; uk vm;ppfom; oHk;a,mufwdkUonf &efolvlrsdK; jzpfaom wl&uDolaX;wpfOD;udk wdwfwqdwf vuf&zrf;qD;NyD;vQiftxuft&m&SdwdkUxH ydkUojcif; rybJ if;olaX;BuD; udk wdwfwqdwf owf jzwf if;\ypnf;Opmrsm;udk vk,uf,liifMuaMumif;? tqdkyg w&m;cHav;a,mufudk qdkif&mu ppfaq;ar;jref;&m jypfrIxif&Sm;onf jzpf if;av;OD;udk wpfuRef;odkU10ESpfpDrQuscHap&efpD&ifcsufcsrSwfvdkufaMumif;/ ypnf;rsm;rSmtzdk;rsm;pGmxdkuf

wefaMumif;od&Sd&aomfvnf;w&m;cHwdkUuodk0Sufxm;NyD;NyDjzpfaomaMumifhppfaq;aomfvnf;ray:aygufaMumif;/

uRefawmf/ /]onfowif;pm 1917 ckESpfu owif;pmyguvm;As}

&Sm;/ /][kwfw,f/ trIqdk&if jzifh vufonfay: ray: usKyfu owif;pm jzwfydkif; xkwfNyD;zdkifwGJxm;wm cifAsm; odw,f r[kwfvm;As? onfzdkifwGJxJrSm ,ckwdkif vufonfray:wJ h trI 50ausmfavmuf &Sdw,fAs? tckvdk wpfcgwpfcgawmh usKyf zdkifwGJ[m tifrwef toHk;usw,f}

uRefawmf/ /]aumif;ygayAsm? 'gxuf onftrIrSm trIonf ES pfa,mufteuf [dkwpfa,muf taMumif; ajymprf;ygOD;Asm? ajryHkrSmygwJh ukvm; oHk;a,mufteuf wpfa,muf[mvm;Asm}

&Sm;/ /]bmvJAs? [dE Lukvm;xJu rSwfvdkUvm;? [dELukvm;jzif h onfavmuf ajcaxmuf ao;yghrvm;As? udkif; udkif; usKyf zGifhajymr,f/ cifAsm; awG;Munfhprf;? onfvl[m ajcaxmuf tifrwef ao;w,f? zdeyfvnf; b,fawmhrS pD;zl ;wJh vuPm r&S dbl;? tifrwefvnf;oefpGrf;w,f? tqdyfvl;jrm;vnf; toHk;yw,f? udkif; b,fvdkvlxJuvJAsm}

uRefawmf/ /]aumif;aumif; rawG;wwfygbl;Asm}


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&Sm;/ /]udkif; udk if; cifAsm; awG;ae&if Mumaea&mhr,f? MuGufavQmufay:u [dkpmtkyfBuD; vSrf;prf;ygOD;Asm} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ]*ZufwD,m}ac: A[kokwtrsdK;pHk yg&SdaompmtkyfMuD; vSrf;,lay;urf;vdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; pmtkyfudk vSefavSm&SmazG&if;

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