mgt502 organizational behavior all midterm solved paper...

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MGT502 Organizational Behavior

All Midterm Solved Paper in one File

Spring 2010

MGT502- Organizational Behaviour (Session - 1)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which mone mof mthe mfollowing mis mnot mconsidered mas ma mpart mof

organizational output?

_ Finished goods

_ Services

_ Dividends

_ Capital


Which of the following is not one of the types of attitude?

_ Job satisfaction

_ Job Involvement

_ Organizational Behavior _ Organizational co itment


Which of the following is NOT included in the ways employees can

express dissatisfaction?

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_ Exit

_ Voice

_ Loyalty

_ Noise


Which dimension of the Big Five odel refers to be pleasant and

accommodating in social situations?

_ Extroversion

_ Openness to experience

_ Emotional stability

_ Agreeableness


Which of the following is NOT a key component of emotional

intelligence?

_ Self-awareness

_ Self-management

_ Commitment _ Empathy


What effect does stress typically have on mood?

_ Positive

_ Negative _ Unbiased

_ No effect


It is not possible for Mr. Asim to understand everything he sees, he

notices a few of the things, we can say that he engages in:

_ Assimilating

_ Selective perception

_ Halo Effect

_ Target Perception


The ost well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow’s

__ _ _____ _ _ __ _ __ .

_ Theories x and y

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_ Hierarchy of needs

_ Goal setting theory

_ Equity theory


Our intrinsic desire for personal development is included in Alderfer’s

__ _ _____ _ _ __ _ needs.

_ Existence

_ Relatedness

_ Esteem

_ Growth


Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal- setting theory?

_ Defining the goal

_ Goal difficulty

_ Goal specificity _ Equity among co-workers


What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where

employees acquire stock as part of their benefits?

_ MBO program _ Gain sharing plan

_ Employee stock ownership plan m

_ Piece-rate plan


What happens in the second stage of group development?

_ Close relationships are developed

_ The group demonstrates cohesiveness

_ Intra-group conflict often occurs

_ The job task is performed


Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision

ak ing?

_ More knowledge through pooling of group resources

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_ More amount of time is required to make a decision

_ Increased acceptance & commitment due to voice in decisions

_ Greater understanding due to involvement in decision stages


Which of the following is traditionally followed by the formal channels

of co unication within an organization?

_ Authority chain

_ Influence chain

_ Transmission chain

_ Social chain


Clarification to employees about how well they are doing, and what can be done to improve performance, are examples of which function

of co unication?

_ Information

_ Control _ Motivation

_ Emotional expression


The _____ network best serves to promote high member satisfaction.

_ Direct _ Circle

_ Wheel

_ All-channel


A co unication channel with greater channel richness is most likely

to provide:

_ Greater feedback density

_ Greater filtering capability

_ Greater perceptual wellness

_ Larger amounts of information


The study of organizational behavior is primarily concerned with all of

the following dynamics in organizations EXCEPT:

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_ Interpersonal

_ Behavioral

_ Astrology

_ Psychosocial


How do proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior?

_ As a product of heredity

_ As a function of one’s power need

_ As the result of a cognitive process

_ As environmentally caused


Which of the following is true for the people who adopt a thinking style based on logics and rationality?

_ They process information serially

_ They perceive things as a whole

_ They perceive things on the basis of past experiences _ Their decisions depend upon situation


Sheraz wants to become a surgeon, not only because achieving this

goal will give him self-respect and autonomy, but also because he

wants a job with high status and recognition from others. Which of

Ma slow’s needs is Sheraz trying to meet?

_ Self-actualization

_ Social

_ Esteem

_ Safety


Teams are very useful in which of the following situations?

_ The work to be performed is very basic

_ The tasks are interrelated

_ No one wants to be accountable _ The group is homogeneous


All of the following are studied in Organizational Behavior, EXCEPT

_ Human behaviors in organizations

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_ International trade laws

_ Organizational culture

_ The relationship between people and organizations


Which of the following behavior of an individual makes a positive

contribution to an organization?

_ Motivational behavior

_ Performance behavior

_ Organizational citizenship

_ Perceptive contribution


CEO of a computer manufacturing organization rewards his employees

with computers, vacations or bonuses for meeting personal or organizational goal. He is practicing which of the following method of

shaping behavior?

_ Positive reinforcement

_ Negative reinforcement

_ Punishment _ Extinction


The suspension of a construction employee for one day without pay

for not wearing hard hat when instructed strictly, is an example of

which of the following method of shaping behavior?

_ Negative reinforcement _ Punishment

_ Extinction



The founder of TL Corporation has to face many difficulties while

establishing his company even banks were not ready to grant loan. But

he showed persistence and after four years he was able to generate

finance by the mortgage of his own house. He was exhibiting which of

the following personality trait of Big Five Personality Model?

_ Agreeableness

_ Emotional Stability _ Conscientiousness

_ Extroversion


Mr. Ahmed started his career as a clerk, now after 6 years of hard

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work he has earned the position of finance manager. He believes that

all his success is because of his own hard work and devotion. Ahmed

has:

_ Self-efficacy

_ Internal locus of control

_ Emotional intelligence

_ High self-esteem


Which of the following is an example of positive emotions?

_ Anger

_ Sadness

_ Pride

_ Disgust


Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the

required competencies of managers?

_ Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills

_ Leading skills, motivational skills and human skills _ Organizing skills, interpersonal skills and leading skills

_ Motivating skills, intrapersonal skills and conceptual skills


The rational decision-making approach assumes that decision makers:

_ Have complete information

_ Are motivated by greed _ Are often distracted by the environment

_ Are subjective


Mr. Ahmad is HR manager in an organization. He has ten employees

who directly report to him. They are the part of which of the following

group?

_ Command group

_ Task group

_ Friendship group

_ Interest group

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Which of the following is a structured approach to decision ak ing

that focuses on generating alternatives silently, prevents criticism of

alternatives, and uses a voting process to identify group choices?

_ Devil's advocacy

_ The Delphi technique

_ Dialectical inquiry

_ The nominal group


Which of the following determines requirements of organization

conversion process?

_ Machinery, computers and human skills

_ Raw material and capital

_ Finished products and services _ HR and information system

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )

Discuss when formal leadership may not be that important?


List and explain different barriers to effective communication.


It is argued that ost of the time managers use rational decision ak ing model when risk is high. Do you agree with this statement or

not? Give logical reasons to support your answer.

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MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2010


Time: 60 min

Marks: 47


Mr. Hussain is a salesperson. He remembers the names of his

customers easily because he is able to retain and recall past

experience. He is able in which of the following dimensions of

intellectual ability?

_ Memory

_ Number Aptitude

_ Deductive Reasoning

_ Perceptual speed


Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused

him food poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he feels nauseous. This is an example of which of the following learning

theory?

_ Classical conditioning

_ Social learning

_ Operant conditioning

_ Reinforcement theory


Advertisements are directed at changing a person's:

_ Attitude

_ Value

_ Ethics

_ Custom

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Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of

attitudes and motivation because they influence our perceptions?

_ Moods

_ Behaviors

_ Values

_ Customs


Which of the following statements is NOT true about the

difference between men and women when it comes to emotional

reactions?

_ Women show greater emotional expression

_ Men express emotions more intensely _ Men express anger more frequently

_ Women may have a greater need for social approval


Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-

setting theory?

_ Defining the goal

_ Goal difficulty

_ Goal specificity

_ Equity among co-workers


Which of the following is NOT a comparison an employee can use in

equity theory?

_ Self-inside

_ Self-goal

_ Other-outside

_ Self-outside


Two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic

factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor?

_ Advancement

_ Working condition

_ Achievement

_ Recognition

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Which of the following is a direct onetary incentive given by the

organizations to its employees?

_ Promotion

_ Gain sharing

_ Flexible work hours

_ Appreciation certificate


When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has

oved to the _____________ stage.

_ Storming _ Norming

_ Maturation

_ Performing


Which of the following statement best defines leadership?

_ Implementing the strategy provided by management

_ Least concerned in bringing organizational change

_ Coordinating and handling day-to-day problems

_ The ability to influence a group in goal achievement


According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader’s

behavior is directed toward getting the job done is called:

_ Initiating structure

_ Consideration

_ Maximization

_ Path-goal


According to the University of Michigan studies, which of the following

is used to define a leader who takes personal interest in the needs of

his/her subordinates?

_________Situation-oriented

_________Employee-oriented

_________Production- oriented

_________Task-oriented

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Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance

procedures are examples of:

_________Downward co unication

_________Horizontal communication

_________Upward communication

_________Lateral co unication


Which of the following is the most effective communication network

for facilitating the emergence of a leader?

_________Chain

_________All-channel _________Wheel

_________Direct


Asad telephones his employee, Usman, to let him know that today’s

eeting has been moved to one o’clock. In the co unication

process, Asad is:

_________The sender

_________The receiver

_________The channel

_________The encoder


Which one of the following statement is NOT true regarding the

relationship between age and job performance?

_________Older workers bring to their job: experience,

j udgment and strong work ethics

_________Older workers have more co itment to quality

_________Older workers are perceived as flexible and welcome

new technologies

_________Older workers are perceived as lacking flexibility and

resistant to new technologies


Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something

unpleasant is called _________.

_________Positive reinforcement

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_________Extinction

_________Negative reinforcement

_________Punishment


Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is

experiencing, despite what they might apparently show?

_________Felt

_________Displayed

_________Conditional

_________Exposed


Which of the following is least accurate about Ohio-State Study?

_________High-high styles sometimes had negative

relationship

_________High-high leaders generally had superior subordinate

performance _________High initiating structure is positively related to

grievances

_________High consideration is positively related to manager’s

evaluation


Organizations that do not pay attention to diversity may face all of the following problems, Except:

_________Lower productivity

_________Increased tensions among workers

_________Decreased turnover

_________Increased complaints



with computers, vacations or bonuses for meeting personal or

organizational goal. He is practicing which of the following method of

shaping behavior?



_________Punishment

_________Extinction

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The suspension of a construction employee for one day without pay

for not wearing hard hat when instructed strictly, is an example of

which of the following method of shaping behavior?


_________Punishment

_________Extinction



Action of a person consistent with one's personal values and the

commonly held values of the organization and society is called which

of the following behavior?

_________Legal behavior

_________Ethical behavior

_________Cognitive behavior

_________Loyal behavior


Which of the following component of an attitude includes beliefs,

opinions and information that a person has about the object he

observed?

_________Affective

_________Behavioral _________Cognitive

_________Terminal


The founder of TL Corporation has to face many difficulties while

establishing his company even banks were not ready to grant loan. But

he showed persistence and after four years he was able to generate

finance by the mortgage of his own house. He was exhibiting which of

the following personality trait of Big Five Personality Model?

_________Agreeableness

_________Emotional Stability

_________Conscientiousness _________Extroversion


Which of the following is an example of positive emotions?

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_________Anger

_________Sadness

_________Pride

_________Disgust


Which of the following is the study of social system such as families,

occupational classes and organizations ?

_________Psychology

_________Sociology

_________Anthropology

_________Social Psychology


In an interview, the interviewer's first impression of the interviewee

(or target) is likely to be based upon:

_________Nonverbal cues of the target _________Verbal co unication by the target

_________The intentions of the target

_________The target's physical appearance


The rational decision-making approach assumes that decision makers:

_________Have complete information

_________Are motivated by greed

_________Are often distracted by the environment

_________Are subjective


In decision making process when managers define their limits and

ak e their decision within the limits, it is called:

_________Bounded rationality

_________Optimal decision making

_________Intuitive decision making

_________Rational decision making

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People with which of the following decision making style work well

with others and enjoy social interactions?

_________Behavioral

_________Directive

_________Analytical

_________Conceptual


Mr. Zia is directly involved in the production of the automobiles. He is

facing low motivation due to repetitive tasks. His manager changes his

responsibilities and now he has to perform different tasks. His

otivation has increased because of which of the following strategy? _________Job enrichment

_________Job enlargement

_________Job sharing

_________Job rotation


All of the following are examples of downward communication flow

EXCEPT:

_________Managers informing employees of procedures

_________Managers pointing out problems that need attention

_________Employees completing attitude surveys _________Managers telling employees to work more quickly


How the barriers of co unication can be minimized or eliminated?

These barriers can be eliminated or minimized by increasing the

readability of and clarity of written co unication and by improving

the quality of electronic devices and other communication devices. Use

of appropriate wording is also very important. Motivation of the

receiver, communicate feelings as well facts etc.


How “employee stock ownership program” positively influence

employee motivation?

Employee stock ownership plans can be used to keep plan

participants focused on company performance and share price

appreciation. By giving plan participants an interest in seeing that the

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company's stock performs well, these plans are believed to encourage

participants to do what's best for shareholders, since the participants

themselves are shareholders.


What is difference between groupthink and groupshift?

G roup Think: Tendency of the members of a group to yield to the

desire for consensus or unanimity at the cost of considering alternative

courses of action. Group-think is said to be the reason why intelligent

and knowledgeable people make disastrous decisions.

G roup Shift: When people are in groups, they make decision about risk

differently from when they are alone. In the group, they are likely to

ak e riskier decisions, as the shared risk makes the individual risk

less

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2010


Ref No: 1465148

Time: 60 min

Marks: 47


Which of the following statements best describes the goals of Organizational Behavior?

_ To understand the behaviors of people at work

_ To appreciate the behavior of people at work

_ To align behaviors according to the organizational goals

man

b ehavior at work




_ Finished goods

_ Services

_ Dividends


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Advertisements are directed at changing a person's:

_ Value

_ Ethics

_ Custom




_ Moods

_ Behaviors

s

_ Customs


The extent to which a society encourages people to be tough,

confrontational, and competitive versus modest and tender is called:

_ Future orientation

_ Gender differentiation

_ Power distance


If you believe that outside forces are largely responsible for your fate, you are the person having:

_ Personal Locus of control

_ Internal Locus of control

_ Core locus of control


Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

_ Decision making is generally by consensus

_ Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem

_ For a decision, a problem must be perceived to exist


Which of the following statement is true regarding “intuitive decision

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ak ing”?

_ A logical process

_ An unconscious process

_ A satisficing process


Which applicants are usually considered “best” by interviewers?

_ Those with the best qualifications

_ Those who lack any unfavorable characteristics

_ Those whose interview lasts the longest


Hassan derives a great sense of belongingness, acceptance and

friendship from his relationships with his extended family. Which of

Ma slow’s needs is Hassan fulfilling through these relationships?


_ Social

_ Physiological


A mtheory mY anager would assume that employees would __ _ _____ _ _ __ _ __ _ .

_ Dislike work

_ Need to be controlled

_ Attempt to avoid work


What would be the predicted result of overpaying a piece-rate worker,

according to equity theory?

_ Quantity will increase

_ Quality will decrease

_ There will be no effect


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Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan?

_ Stock options

_ Productivity bonus

_ Commission


Which of the following helps to explain the current popularity of

teams?

_ Easy to manage

_ Less expensive

_ Promote socialization


Which of the following best demonstrates the effectiveness of self-

anaged teams?

_ An increase in the number of teams required to manufacture a

product

_ A reduction in the number of employees qualified to participate

in the teams

c ustomer concerns _ An increase in the technology budget for connecting team

embers


Which of the following teams are ade up of employees from about

the same hierarchical level?

_ Problem-solving

_ Cross-functional

_ Virtual


Which of the following is likely to generate the least innovative

alternatives?

_ Brainstorming

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_ Delphi technique

_ Nominal group technique


When anager arketing is co unicating with the anager

production, it is called:

_ Downward co unication

_ Lateral co unication

_ Vertical co unication


Which of the following is NOT a barrier to effective co unication?

_ Filtering

_ Language



Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs,

otivations, experience, background, and other personal

characteristics. This is called:

_ Filtering

_ Defensiveness

_ Selective selection


Messages conveyed through body movements and facial expressions

are called:

_ Physical characteristics

_ Semantics

_ Excitement


Productivity, job satisfaction and turnover are _______.

_ Moderating variables

s

_ Independent variables

_ Continuous variables

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Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something

unpleasant is called _________.


_ Extinction

_ Punishment




_ Felt _ Displayed

_ Conditional

_ Exposed


In the following steps of rational decision making, which would come

first?

_ Generate alternatives

_ Make a choice

_ Implement the decision


Which of the following is an advantage of oral co unication?

_ Permanent record of oral communication

_ Accurate when passing through many people

_ More likely to be well thought out


The oil company search for oil, refines and converts it into petrol and

petroleum products. This statement shows which of the following

component of an organization?

_ People

_ Technology

_ Task

_ Structure

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shaping behavior?


_ Punishment

_ Extinction


Which of the following is a co on way for companies to encourage

employees to behave ethically?

_ Set examples of employees who behave unethically by terminating them

_ Prosecute unethical employees

the ethics of conducting business

_ Administer annual ethics tests to employees


Job satisfaction and employee performance are positively related

when:

_ Pay is linked with attendance

_ Non-participative techniques are used

_ Employee turnover is high


Suppose you are a member of quality improvement team. Every

ember in your team gives usual suggestions regarding process

improvements. But one of your team member suggests an innovative and totally new idea that is acknowledged by everyone. His idea is

noticed because of which of the following external stimulus?

_ Contrast

_ Motion

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_ Novelty

_ Intensity


Mr. Shahzad has been performing successfully at work for several

onths. He believes that he will get a pay raise if he maintains this

high level of performance. This belief is an example of which of the

following according to expectancy theory?

_ Effort-performance

_ Performance-benefit

_ Performance-valence


Which of the following determines requirements of organization

conversion process?

_ Raw material and capital _ Finished products and services

_ HR and information system


Which of the following can be considered a method of social learning?

_ Directories _ Purchase invoices

_ Work Manual


Explain the basics of leadership style.

Answer:-

Leading requires managers to tailor their leadership styles to suit

differences in the attitudes and values of foreign workers. The

challenge of managing a diverse workforce increases as organizations expand their operations internationally. There are several issues that

arise in the international arena. First, managers must understand

cultural differences to interact with workers and associates in foreign

countries. Understanding the differences between national cultures is

important in any attempt to manage behavior in global organizations

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to increase performance.


Social loafing is a threat to group effectiveness. How can a manager

avoid social loafing?

Answer:-

Ma nagers can reduce or eliminate social loafing by making individual

contributions to a group identifiable so that individual performance can

be evaluated and appropriate outcomes delivered. Group members can

complete peer evaluations, or the level of group supervision can

increase. When individual performance cannot be separated, managers

can make each individual feel that contribution to the group is

valuable. A manager can remind each member of unique contributions

and indicate when group success or failure hinges on individual efforts.

Ma nagers can remind members that their selection

hinged on their unique contributions. Keeping the group as small as

possible reduces social loafing. If process losses increase with group

size, managers should reduce size by dividing the work into two

groups. Group members will no longer perceive their efforts as

unidentifiable or unnecessary


Discuss msome mof mthe merrors min mperceptual mjudgment ade by

interviewers in job interviews.

Answer:-

The following are the errors which can occur in perceptual judgment

ade by interviewers in job interviews.

• Stereotyping is judging someone on the basis of our perception of

the group to which

he or she belongs

• Generalization is not without advantages. It is a means of simplifying

a complex

world, and it permits us to maintain consistency. The problem, of

course, is when we

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Inaccurately stereotype.

• In organizations, we frequently hear co ents that represent

stereotypes based on

gender, age, race, ethnicity, and even weight

The halo effect occurs when we draw a general impression on the

basis of a single

Characteristic:

a. This phenomenon frequently occurs when students appraise their classroom

instructor.

b. Students may give prominence to a single trait such as enthusiasm

and

allow their entire evaluation to be tainted by how they judge the

instructor

on that one trait.

Selective Perception

• Any characteristic that makes a person, object, or event stand out

will increase the

probability that it will be perceived.

• It is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see only certain

stimuli can be taken in.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2010


Ref No:

Time: 60 min Marks: 47


Ali migrated from Pakistan to a foreign country. He is disorientated by

the country’s customs and has difficulty in adapting it. He also feels

homesickness. What is Ali experiencing?

_ Culture shock

_ Foreign culture

_ Alien culture

_ Adventure


Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused

him food poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he

feels nauseous. This is an example of which of the following learning

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theory?


_ Social learning

_ Operant conditioning

_ Reinforcement theory


Faizan, a supervisor, has to choose between two different suggestions

offered by employees about work schedule. Which one of the following

will be most suitable for Faizan?

_ Inductive reasoning

_ Spatial visualization

_ Deductive reasoning

_ Perception


Which of the following is NOT a component of attitude?

_ Cognition

_ Affect

_ Behavior

_ Myths


Individuals having an intense desire to achieve, are extremely competitive, have a sense of urgency, are impatient and can be

hostile, are called:

_ Self Monitoring

_ Self Esteemed

_ Type A personality

_ Type B personality


Which of the following statements is TRUE for affetc?

_ Affect is a type of emotion and religion _ Affect is a type of mood and environment

_ Affect can be a mood or an emotion

_ Affect is the result of conscious thought


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How is the satisficing decision maker best characterized?

_ As using rationality

_ As using bounded rationality

_ As using creativity

_ As relying on others to make decisions


When people tend to use intuitive decision making?

_ When a high level of uncertainty exists

_ When facts and figures are available

_ When progra ed decions are made

_ When there is no time constraint


Which of the following statement is true regarding “analytical decision

ak ing style”?

_ Tries to avoid conflict and seek acceptance

_ Provides creative solution to the problems _ Uses minimum information

_ Takes little time in making decisions


Hunger, thirst, sex, pay, and physical work environment are examples

of which of Alderfer’s needs?

_ Existence

_ Safety

_ Growth

_ Physiological


How would a theory X manager view employees?

_ Seeking responsibility

_ Needing to be coerced to achieve goals

_ Viewing work as a normal daily activity

_ Exercising self control


What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where

employees acquire stock as part of their benefits?

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_ MBO program

_ Gain sharing plan

_ Employee stock ownership plan

_ Piece-rate plan


Which of the following is true about virtual teams?

_ There is an absence of verbal cues

_ There is limited social context

_ People collaborate online

_ All of the given options


What result does groupshift have on the decisions a group makes?

_ They are less effective

_ They are generally riskier

_ They are made more quickly

_ They are objectively incorrect


Which of the following statement best defines leadership?

_ Implementing the strategy provided by management

_ Least concerned in bringing organizational change

_ Coordinating and handling day-to-day problems _ The ability to influence a group in goal achievement


In the communication process, which of the following steps occurs

first?

_ Transmitting

_ Decoding

_ Encoding

_ Understanding


All of the following are examples of nonverbal co unication

EXCEPT:

_ Instant messaging

_ Physical distance

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_ Facial expressions

_ Hand gestures


Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote

accuracy?

_ Chain

_ Direct

_ Horizontal

_ All-channel


Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by

discussing the problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions in problem solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction

in which of the following ways?

_ Exit

_ Voice _ Loyalty

_ Neglect


The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes

one person from another is called _______.

_ Attitude

_ Personality

_ Perception

_ Mind-set




_ Felt

_ Displayed

_ Conditional _ Exposed


According to McClelland, what is the need to make others behave in a

way that they would not have behaved otherwise?

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_ The need for power

_ The need for achievement

_ The need for affiliation

_ The need for control


Which of the following is the major source of change affecting large

number of organizations today?

_ Corporate governance

_ Globalization

_ Business ethics

_ Cultural change


Which of the following is the ability to correctly perceive, evaluate,

express and regulate emotions and feelings?

_ Emotional Intelligence _ Mental Ability

_ Physical Ability

_ Memory Ability


Mr. Imran has the ability to understand the emotional makeup of

other people. He is exhibiting which of the following components of emotional intelligence?

_ Self-awareness

_ Empathy

_ Handling relationship

_ Managing emotions


The process of managing emotions with organizationally desired

emotions exhibit which of the following concept?

_ Emotional frustration

_ Emotional contagion

_ Emotional labor

_ Emotional conflict

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Which of the following stage of perceptual process model involves

noticing some of the information available to the person and filtering

out the rest?

_ Interpretation

_ Organization

_ Selective attention

_ Judgment




_ Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills _ Leading skills, motivational skills and human skills

_ Organizing skills, interpersonal skills and leading skills



Mr. Ali is a top level manager at ABC Corporation. He has achieved

everything he desired in his life. The only thing he misses is the

relationships. At this point of career he really needs warm friendships.

Identify the need of Mr. Ali.

_ Need for achievement

_ Need for affiliation

_ Need for power _ Need for motivation


Mr. kashif is the member of a team who voluntarily meet and discuss

different issues like how the quality of products be improved, what

possible changes can be made to improve working conditions etc. Mr.

Kashif is the member of which of the following team?

_ Self-Managed team

_ Problem solving team

_ Cross functional team

_ Virtual team


Mr. Usman is the part of the team whose members takes the

responsibility for their work, monitor their own performance and alter

their behaviors when required to solve a problem. Usman is the

ember of which of the following team?

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_ Self-Managed team

_ Problem solving team

_ Cross functional team

_ Virtual team


Which of the following is a technique that is valuable in its ability to

generate a number of independent judgments without the requirement

of a face-to-face meeting?

_ The nominal group technique

_ Dialectical inquiry

_ Brainstorming

_ The Delphi technique


A person or a group with a direct or indirect interest or involvement in

organization and who is highly affected by the operations of the

organization is called _______.

_ Shareholder

_ Stakeholder

_ Stockholder

_ Patron


Who proposed that there are three major relevant motives, or needs,

in the workplace?

_ McClelland

_ McGregor

_ Herzberg

_ Maslow


What are the major strengths of today’s advanced means of

communication as compared to the traditional means in past?

Mo re knowledge. Mu ltiple choices. Can share more in shorter ti e.

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Everything became almost instant. (SMS, Internet connectivity,

cellular phone technology, Wi-Fi and other technologies).


Identify and explain the two dimensions of leadership described in the

Ohio State studies.

Following two dimensions of leadership behaviours were discovered in Ohio State studies:

1-Initiating 2- Consideration

1. Consideration: leaders emphasized interpersonal relations. They give trust, respect and friendship to their followers. 2. Initiating Structure: leader assure that work has been competed and employees have done their jobs and duties. In this planning, setting goals,

otivating them and coaching them are included.


Motivation is based on the perception of equity and fairness. Do you

agree with the statement or not? Discuss it in the light of Equity

theory.

Motivation is based on the worker’s perception of the work

situation. Yes i am fully agreed to this statement. Equity occurs when an individual’s outcome/input ratio equals that of the referent. Because the comparison of these ratios (rather than absolute levels) determines whether equity is perceived, equity can exist if the referent receives more than the person making the comparison. When workers perceive ratios to be equal, they are motivated to maintain the status quo or increase inputs to receive greater outcomes. U nequal ratios result in tension and a desire to restore equity. Overpayment vinequity occurs mwhen man mindividual mperceives mhis/her outcome/input ratio is greater than the referent’s. Underpayment inequity occurs when the individual perceives his/her ratio is less than the referent’s. In either case, the individual is motivated to restore equity, according to equity theory. U nequal ratios create tension inside the worker, and the worker is motivated to restore equity. When the ratios are equal, workers are motivated to

aintain their current ratio of outcomes and inputs if they want their

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outcomes to increase

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2010


Ref No: 1465189

Time: 60 min

Marks: 47


The four main management functions include all of the following EXCEPT:

_ Planning

_ Organizing

_ Staffing

_ Controlling


The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both

individually and in groups, describes which one of the following skills?

_ Technical skills

_ Human skills _ Conceptual skills

_ Organizing skills


Globalization and culture for organizations can be:

_ Challenge

_ Threat

_ Strength





experience. He is able in which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability?

_ Memory

_ Number Aptitude

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_ Perceptual speed


Rabia is working in a software house. She is a very hard working,

otivated to achieve organizational goals and due to her attachment

with the organization she wishes to continue her job with the same

organization. Her behavior is showing:

_ Job involvement

_ Job satisfaction

_ Job co itment

_ Job enrichment


All of the following are attitudes associated with job satisfaction

EXCEPT:

_ The work itself

_ Promotion opportunities _ Supervision

_ Negligence


Relevant personal characteristics affecting perception of the perceiver

are:

_ Attitudes

_ Interests

_ Past experiences



Which is NOT one of the steps in the rational decision-making model?

_ Defining the problem

_ Identifying the decision criteria

_ Computing the decision alternatives

_ Rating the alternatives


According to attribution theory, which of the following is an

example of externally caused behavior?

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_ An employee is late because of a flat tire.

_ An employee was promoted because of his abilities

_ An employee was fired because he slept on the job.

_ An employee was promoted because he was hard working.


According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?

_ When it is substantially satisfied

_ It never stops motivating

_ When one returns to a lower level need

_ When one chooses to move to a higher level need


Who developed ERG theory?

_ Mcclelland

_ Maslow

_ Alderfer

_ Ouchi


What continuum in the two-factor theory is ade up of the hygiene

factors?

_ No dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction

_ No dissatisfaction to satisfaction _ Satisfaction to no satisfaction

_ Satisfaction to dissatisfaction


Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself, and involving

employees in decisions, another approach to aking the work

environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements. Which of

the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their

schedule?

_ Flextime

_ Job sharing _ Job rotation

_ Teleco uting


The main difference between a leader and a manager is:

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_ Managers seek change and leaders don't

_ Leaders are thought of as better people because they don't

punish

_ Leaders are advocates for change, and managers for the status

q uo

_ Managers are concerned with people, and leaders with events


Which of the following are members of an organization with authority to

influence other members to achieve organizational goals?

_ Formal leaders

_ Informal leaders

_ Managers

_ Followers


Which of the following leadership styles explored by Kurt Lewin?

_ Autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire

_ Production oriented and employee oriented

_ Initiating structure and consideration

_ Rational, task oriented and expressive


Which of the following leadership style gave the group embers complete freedom?

_ Autocratic

_ Democratic

_ Laissez-faire

_ Consideration


Which of the following process is followed by a receiver when he/she

translates a sender’s message?

_ Encoding _ Decoding

_ Feedback

_ Recoding


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Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational

periodicals represent examples of:

_ Informal communication channels

_ Formal co unication channels

_ Written communication

_ Non verbal communication


Messages conveyed through body movements and facial expressions

are called:

_ Non-verbals

_ Physical characteristics

_ Semantics

_ Excitement


Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote

accuracy?

_ Chain

_ Direct

_ Horizontal

_ All-channel


The Big Five model is related to ________.

_ Perception

_ Personality

_ Experience

_ Culture


The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a

particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined by

expectancy theory as what kind of relationship?

_ Performance-reward _ Effort-performance

_ Reward-personal goal

_ Effort-satisfaction


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Which of the following is right about the encoding step in the

communication process?

_ It is not necessary for verbal co unication

_ It is difficult for recevier to understand

_ It involves converting the idea into message

_ It follows the transmission of the message to receiver


All of the following are the inputs an organization receive from its

environment, EXCEPT

_ Raw Materials

_ People

_ Product / Services

_ Information


Mr. Usman is procurement manager in a manufacturing corporation.

H e always manages to purchase low cost and high quality raw material from the suppliers by using his strong negotiation skills. Which of the

following approach he is practicing to gain organizational

effectiveness?

_ The internal system approach

_ The external resource approach _ The organizational process approach

_ Technical approach


Weight-lifting, pull-ups and leg lifts are the examples of which of the

following abilities?

_ Emotional Intelligence

_ Mental Ability _ Physical Ability

_ Memory Ability





shaping behavior?

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_ Punishment

_ Extinction


Persons having an internal locus of control:

_ Believe that fate affects their circumstances

_ Accept others controlling them

_ Take responsibility for situation and the consequences of their

behavior

_ Can easily succumb to social and peer pressure


Ethical behavior is influenced by which of the following two major

factors?

_ Religion and value system

_ Terminal and instrumental values _ Ethical reasoning and intelligence

_ Individual influences and organizational influences


An employee who has the ______ like “I hate my job” is not likely to

exhibit much enthusiasm and co itment to work.

_ Values

_ Behavior

_ Attitude

_ Personality


Mr. Ali is working as a media manager in an advertising agency. He

always encourages his coworkers to speak up in meetings and make

himself available to them to discuss personal or professional problems.

H e also participates in the orientation of new employees although it is

not required. Which of the following behavior is exhibited by Ali?

_ Job performance

_ Job involvement

_ Organizational Citizenship

_ Job satisfaction

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Categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute is

called:

_ Attribution

_ Prejudice

_ Stereotyping



Ali is a creative person who likes challenging assignments and tasks

and always provides opportunities to grow to other people. He is at

which of the following needs of Marlow's hierarchy?

_ Self esteem

_ Social

_ Safety



Discuss strategies an organization might use to turn individuals into

team players.


A decision making style is the combination of an individual’s

perception and his response to certain information. Explain different decision making styles exhibited by managers.


It is argued that by performing task oriented role a person can keep

the group on track, while relations- oriented role keep the group

together? Do you agree with this statement or not. Discuss

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2010


Ref No: 1465147

Time: 60 min

Marks: 47




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_ Finished goods

_ Services

_ Dividends

_ Capital




experience. He is able in which of the following dimensions of

intellectual ability?

_ Number Aptitude


_ Perceptual speed




_ Moods

_ Behaviors

_ Values

_ Customs


The Globe Framework for assessing cultures includes all EXCEPT:

_ Future Orientation

_ Work Moods

_ Power Distance

_ Gender Differentiation


Which of the following statement is true regarding Big five Model?

_ The Big Five traits are related to intrinsic motivational factors

_ The Big Five traits are related to extrinsic motivational factors

extrinsic factors

_ The Big Five traits have no relationship to motivational factors


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Which of the following statements is NOT true about the

difference between men and women when it comes to emotional

reactions?

_ Women show greater emotional expression

_ Men express emotions more intensely

_ Women may have a greater need for social approval


Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

_ Decision making is generally by consensus

_ Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem

_ There may be more than one way to solve a problem

_ For a decision, a problem must be perceived to exist


Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential

features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is,

they operate within the confines of _____________.

_ Optimal decision making

_ Intuitive decision making

_ Rationality


According mto mthe mgoal-setting mtheory mof otivation, highest

performance is reached when goals are set to which level?

_ Impossible but inspirational

_ Only marginally challenging

_ Easily attained


What would be the predicted result of overpaying a piece-rate worker,

according to equity theory?

_ Quality will increase

_ Quantity will increase

_ Quality will decrease

_ There will be no effect

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Which one of the following would be considered a otivator in the

two-factor theory?

_ Salary

_ Working conditions

_ Bonuses


Which of the following is a direct onetary incentive given by the

organizations to its employees?

_ Promotion

_ Flexible work hours

_ Appreciation certificate


There is fairly strong evidence that traits can predict _____ ore

accurately than leadership effectiveness.

_ Leadership emergence

_ Extraversion in leaders

_ Leadership awareness

_ Leadership competence


In the communication process, which of the following steps occurs

first?

_ Transmitting

_ Decoding

_ Understanding


Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs,

otivations, experience, background, and other personal

characteristics. This is called:

_ Filtering

_ Defensiveness


_ Selective selection

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Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational

periodicals represent examples of:

_ Informal communication channels

_ Formal co unication channels

_ Non verbal communication


Which of the following co unication network is best illustrated by

an unstructured co ittee?

_ Vertical _ Wheel

_ Chain


Productivity, job satisfaction and turnover are _______.

_ Moderating variables

_ Dependent variables

_ Independent variables

_ Continuous variables


Which of the following discipline contributes to organizational behavior

by focusing the effects of culture/society on organizational

performance?

_ Psychology

_ Sociology

_ Anthropology

_ Medicine


Mr. Waqas has been working in an organization for the last 5 years.

H e is highly co itted and has very strong attachment with the

organization. Which of the following term depicts his behavior

properly?

_ Organizational citizenship

_ Organizational co itment

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_ Job identification

_ Job involvement


Mr. Imran has the ability to understand the emotional makeup of

other people. He is exhibiting which of the following components of

emotional intelligence?

_ Self-awareness

_ Handling relationship

_ Managing emotions


Which of the following factors shape the personality of an individual?

_ Behavior and the environment _ The person and the situation

_ Thinking and feelings

_ Heredity and environment


Mr. Raza believes that whatever goals and targets are assigned to him

by his manager, he will be able to achieve them with in the due date.

Which of the following concepts reflects his belief?

_ Self-efficacy

_ Risk propensity

_ Attitude

_ Self-esteem


All of the following are the characteristics of the target of one's

perceptions, Except:

_ Nonverbal cues

_ Purpose and context of encounter

_ Physical appearances

_ Oral co unication


Which of the following stage of perceptual process model involves

noticing some of the information available to the person and filtering

out the rest?

_ Interpretation

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_ Organization

_ Judgment


Which one of the following study has contributed knowledge in the

field of OB on a number of topics including: learning, perception,

personality, emotions, training, leadership, motivation, job satisfaction

and decision making?

_ Psychology

_ Sociology

_ Anthropology

_ Physiology




_ Leading skills, motivational skills and human skills _ Organizing skills, interpersonal skills and leading skills



Ahmad always takes broad prospective to problem solving and likes to

consider many options and future possibilities. Ahmad has which of the

following decision making style? _ Behavioral

_ Directive

_ Analytical

_ Conceptual


Ali is a creative person who likes challenging assignments and tasks

and always provides opportunities to grow to other people. He is at

which of the following needs of Marlow's hierarchy?

_ Self esteem

_ Social _ Safety



At which of the following stages of group development, the leader

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needs to adopt a coaching style due to team challenges?

_ Forming

_ Storming

_ Performing


Which of the following element of the co unication model consists

of the thoughts and feelings that communicator attempts to convey to

receiver?

_ Feedback

_ Message

_ Data

_ Information


A very annoyed customer who is unable to describe his complaints to

the CSR (customer service representative) because of severe anger is

an example of which of the following?

_ Filtering _ Selective perception

_ Noise

_ Defensiveness


In which of the following co unication situation nonverbal

communication can be utilized?

_ Committee meeting

_ E-mail

_ Voice mail

_ Telephone call


Which of the following decision aking approach is most likely to be

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used by a financial officer?

_ Irrational decision making

_ Bonded rationality

_ Intuitive decision making

_ Directive decision making


Identify and enlist any three potential problems of groups.


Define social loafing and suggest some ways to reduce social loafing.


A decision making style is the combination of an individual’s

perception and his response to certain information. Explain different

decision making styles exhibited by managers.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION 2009

MGT502- Organizational Behaviour

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite

what they might apparently show.

► Felt ► Displayed ► Conditional ► Exposed

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding face-to-face communication?

► It is highly personal ► It has high channel richness ► It usually results in delayed feedback

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► It offers multiple information cues

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one All of the following are examples of downward communication flows EXCEPT:

► Managers informing employees of procedures ► Managers pointing out problems that need attention ► Employees completing attitude surveys ► Managers telling employees to work more quickly

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following?

► Exhibit laissez-faire type of leadership ► Maximize leader-member relations ► Assign group members to particular tasks ► Empower employees to make their own decisions

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Teams are very useful in which of the following situations:

► The work to be performed is very basic ► The tasks are interrelated ► No one wants to be accountable ► The group is homogeneous

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is true about virtual teams?

► There is an absence of verbal cues ► There is limited social context ► People collaborate online ► All of the given options

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Team members with good listening, feedback, and conflict resolution skills possess

______________.

► Technical expertise ► Problem-solving skills ► Decision-making skills ► Interpersonal skills

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is NOT one of the key components of effective teams?

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► Effective work design ► Recognized company identity ► Supportive contextual influences ► Well-managed team processes

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one After which stage of a group’s development is there a relatively clear hierarchy of

leadership within the group?

► Norming ► Storming ► Development ► Forming

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following statements is true?

► All command groups are also task groups ► All task groups are also friendship groups ► All command groups are also informal groups ► All informal groups are also command groups

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one In which of the following situation Synergy is most likely to occur?

► The activities of all group members are fully dependent on one another ► The performance of one member of a group affects what other members do ► Group members must perform specific behaviors in a predetermined order ► Group members acting together produce more or better output than alone

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which one of the following groups may want government to direct more attention to

environmental problems?

► Interest group ► Command group ► Formal group ► Task group

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting?

► An attorney who spends most of her time researching on the computer ► A car salesman who demonstrates the features of a new model of car

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► A telemarketer who uses the phone to contact clients ► A product support specialist who fields calls from customers

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan?

► Stock options ► Rs20 for each unit produced ► Productivity bonus ► Commission

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What sort of goals does Management By Objectives (MBO) emphasize?

► Attainable, verifiable and measurable ► Achievable, controllable and profitable ► Inspirational, teachable and creative ► Challenging, emotional and constructive

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is NOT a biographical characteristic?

► Region ► Age ► Sex ► Tenure

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What is the largest demographic change in the last few years in Pakistani workforce?

► Increasing ethnic diversity ► A fall in married workers ► Increasing age of workers ► More women in the workforce

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which one of the following would be considered a motivator in the two-factor theory?

► Salary ► Working conditions ► Bonuses ► Responsibility

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following method is used for strengthening desirable behavior?

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► Negative Reinforcement ► Neutral Reinforcement ► Pleasant Reinforcement ► Positive Reinforcement

Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What is generally considered to be the single best thing that managers can do to improve

performance?

► Allocate tasks depending on personality ► Restrict the use of punishment as a means of motivating workers ► Give abundant opportunities for employee growth ► Concentrate on intrinsic rewards rather than extrinsic rewards

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?

► Defining the goal ► Goal difficulty ► Goal specificity ► Equity among co-workers

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?

► When it is substantially satisfied ► It never stops motivating ► When one returns to a lower level need ► When one chooses to move to a higher level need

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states that the

behavior shows ______________.

► Distinctiveness ► Consensus ► Consistency ► Continuity

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Asif is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would Attribution

Theory describe this behavior?

► It shows consensus

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► It shows similarity ► It shows reliability ► It shows consistency

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one According to attribution theory, which of the following is an internally caused

behavior?

► Working late in order to get a promotion ► Arriving at work late because heavy traffic

► Working weekends because of your employer’s orders ► Depending on luck for success

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain the cause of behaviors of

others?

► Judgment Theory ► Selective Perception Theory ► Attribution Theory ► Equality Theory

Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is NOT an ethic in decision making?

► Utilitarianism ► Focus on right ► Focus on justice ► Favoritism

Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following decision making style shows low tolerance for ambiguity and

seeks rationality?

► Directive ► Analytical ► Conceptual ► Behavioral

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one According to which of the following decision making model; people seek solutions that

are satisfactory and sufficient?

► Bounded Rational ► Three Component Model ► Contingency

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► Rational

Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Asma is experiencing conveyance problem for her college pick and drop. She decides to

use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step

she takes if she follows this model?

► Define the problem ► Identify the decisions criteria ► Evaluate other available alternatives ► Select the best alternative

Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is the dimension of emotional intelligence that describes the

ability to manage your own emotions and impulses?

► Self-awareness ► Self-management ► Commitment ► Social-skills

Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The Big Five model is related to ________________

► Perception ► Personality ► Experience ► Culture

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following are defined as accepted principles or standards of a person or a

group?

► Traditions ► Norms ► Attitudes ► Values

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by discussing the

problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions in problem

solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction in which of the following ways:

► Exit ► Voice ► Loyalty

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► Neglect

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Rabia is working in a software house. She is a very hard working, motivated to achieve

organizational goals and due to her attachment with the organization she wishes to

continue her job with the same organization. Her behavior is showing:

► Job involvement ► Job satisfaction ► Job commitment ► Job enrichment

Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is defined as a way of looking at life; a way of thinking, feeling

or behaving?

► Value ► Attitude ► Behavior ► Mood

Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Learning theories include all of the following EXCEPT:

► Classical conditioning ► Social learning ► Operant conditioning ► Contingency theory

Question No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is not considered as a characteristic of organizations?

► Social entities ► Goal oriented ► Closed system ► Deliberately structured

Question No: 39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required competencies of

managers?

► Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills ► Leading skills and motivational skills

► Organizing skills and interpersonal skills ► Motivating skills and intrapersonal skills

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Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling were first

classified by_______.

► Stephen Covey ► Henry Mintzeberg ► Henri Fayol ► Marry Parker

Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 ) Which biographical characteristics best predict productivity? Absenteeism? Turnover?

Satisfaction?

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2009


Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of group in organization?

_ Common goal

_ Interaction with one another

_ Accept expectations and obligations

_ Mutually independent

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity require

management to identify an employee’s which characteristics?

Physical abilities

_ Motor abilities

_ Mental abilities

_ Emotional abilities

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following communication network is best illustrated by an unstructured

committee?

_ Vertical

_ Wheel

All-channel

_ Chain

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one When all communication is channeled through one person, which of the following

communication network exists?

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_ All-channel

_ Chain

_ Horizontal

Wheel

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Formal guidelines and authority hierarchies are examples of which function of

communication?

Control

_ Agreement

_ Motivation

_ Information

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is an example of downward communication flow?

_ Suggestion boxes

_ Disscussing problem with boss

Feedback on job performance

_ Letters to your boss

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The means by which a communication is passed is called:

Medium _ Instrument

_ Conductor

_ Transmission

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one On the Leadership Grid, a manager who has a medium concern for both, people and

production is a (n):

_ Team manager

_ Country club manager

MIddle of the road manager

_ Authority-obedience manager

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one If a leader’s main concern is accomplishing his/her group’s tasks, the University of

Michigan studies label this leader as:

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Production-oriented _ Laissez-faire

_ Consideration-oriented

_ Employee-oriented

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following are the two dimensions of leadership behavior identified in the

University of Michigan studies?

_ Emotional and rational

_ Autocratic and democratic

_ Initiating structure and consideration

Employee-oriented and production-oriented

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one If trait theories of leadership are valid, then leaders are _____.

_ Educated

_ Trained

Born

_ Authoritarian

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The main difference between a leader and a manager is:

_ Managers seek change and leaders don't

_ Leaders are thought of as better people because they don't punish

Leaders are advocates for change, and managers for the status quo

_ Managers are concerned with people, and leaders with events

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following techniques most restricts discussion or interpersonal

communication during the decision-making process?

_ Groupthink

Nominal group

_ Brainstorm

_ Electronic meeting

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is a tendency for members of a cohesive group to reach

decisions without weighing all the facts, especially those contradicting the majority

opinion?

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_ Group conformity

_ Group shift

Groupthink

_ Social loafing

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What is generally the result of groupthink?

_ Higher quality decisions

More risky decisions _ Less critical analysis

_ Unpopular decisions

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is true about virtual teams?

_ There is an absence of verbal cues

_ There is limited social context

_ People collaborate online

All of the given options

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following helps to explain the current popularity of teams?

_ Easy to manage

_ Less expensive

Use employee talents better

_ Promote socialization

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following statements concerning tenure is NOT true?

_ Tenure does not appear to be a good predictor of employee productivity

_ Tenure and satisfaction are positively related

_ Tenure is a good variable in explaining turnover

Tenure and organizational investment are negatively related

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What other name is the two-factor theory known by?

_ Theories X and Y

Motivator-Hygiene Theory

_ Hierarchy of Needs Theory

_ Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction Theory

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Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following method is used for strengthening desirable behavior?

_ Negative Reinforcement

_ Neutral Reinforcement

_ Pleasant Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one How does McClelland define the need for affiliation?

_ Drive to excel, to strive to succeed

_ Need to make others behave in a novel way

Desire for friendship and mutual understanding _ The desire to control & influence their behavior

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Who developed ERG theory?

_ Mcclelland

_ Maslow

Alderfer _ Ouchi

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Maslow’s hierarchy of needs arranges those needs in which of the following orders?

_ Physiological, esteem, safety, social, and self-actualization

Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization

_ Safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization

_ Physiological, social, safety, esteem, and self-actualization

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What are the three key elements of motivation?

_ Interest, activity and reward

_ Awareness, effort and outcome

_ Stimulation, progress and achievement

Intensity, direction and persistence

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Amna is an honest and straightforward person. She believes her employees are

all similarly honest and straightforward, ignoring signs that they may be

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manipulating her. What perceptual shortcut is Amna most likely using?

_ Prototyping

_ Contrast effect

_ Halo effect

Projection

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Asma is experiencing conveyance problem for her college pick and drop. She decides to

use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step

she takes if she follows this model?

_ Define the problem

Identify the decisions criteria

_ Evaluate other available alternatives

_ Select the best alternative

Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The time at which an object or event is seen is an example of what type of factor

influencing the perceptual process?

_ Situation _ Perceiver

_ Reality

_ Target

Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one What is the most relevant application of perception concepts to OB?

_ The perceptions people form about each other

_ The perceptions people form about their employer

_ The perceptions people form about society

The perceptions people form about external reality

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Imran is the head of a group at an advertising agency working with artists and designers

to come up with effective branding of new products. Why is it particularly important for

him to keep his team happy?

_ People are more conscientious when they are in a good mood

_ People are more efficient when they are in a good mood

_ People are more productive when they are in a good mood

People are more creative when they are in a good mood

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Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following statement is true regarding Big five Model?

_ The Big Five traits are related to intrinsic motivational factors

_ The Big Five traits are related to extrinsic motivational factors

The Big Five traits are related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors

_ The Big Five traits have no relationship to motivational factors

Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The degree to which people value relationships and show sensitivity and concern for the

welfare for others is called:

_ Quantity of life

_ Quality of life

_ Long-term orientation

_ Social Loafing

Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one All of the following are sources of the values EXCEPT:

_ External Reference Groups

_ Role Models

_ Achievement _ Teachers

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead towards

achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best described these values?

_ Terminal values

_ Instrumental values

_ Theoretical values

_ Social values

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following is NOT one of the scales to measure job satisfaction?

_ Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire

_ The Faces Scale

_ The mentor scale _ Descriptive Index

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant is

called----------------.

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_ Extinction


_ Punishment

Question No: 36 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused him food poisoning.

Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he feels nauseous. This is an example of

which of the following learning theory?


_ Social learning

Operant conditioning _ Reinforcement theory

Question No: 37 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Which of the following are identified as new managerial functions?

_ Planning and organizing

_ Leading and controlling

_ Directing and monitoring

_ TQM and continuous improvement

Question No: 38 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one Mr. Ahmed is responsible to transmit information to outsiders on organization’s plans,

policies, actions and results. Which managerial role is he playing in organization?

_ Disseminator

_ Spokesperson _ Representative

_ Figurehead

Question No: 39 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their study of

group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations?

_ Psychology

_ Sociology

_ Anthropology

_ Social Psychology

Question No: 40 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for achieving

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those goals and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the following

functions is he/ she performing.

_ Planning

_ Organizing

_ Leading

_ Controlling

Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 ) What are the common skills exhibited by an effective manager?

ANSWER:

Skill: Skill is defined as an ability to act in a way that allows a person to highly perform

his roles.

Skills required by Effective Manager:

There are various skills which must be possessed by a manager in order to be

effective. Some of such skills are listed below

Define proper goals for everyone.

Must plan and organize the work properly so that it flows smoothly.

Enables proper communication in all directions.

Promotes participation of individuals

Provide honest feedback

Empower and delegate the important tasks to subordinates

Have full control over the whole process

Motivate the subordinates to goal achievement

Exhibits technical as well as administrative expertise to answer related questions.

Facilitates work through teams and proper training

Keep the activities move by following the schedule and deadlines.

Rewards good performances

MIDTERM EXAMINATION MGT502- Organizational Behaviour (Session - 1)

Time: 60 min

Marks: 50


The behavior of people is influenced by which of the following factors?

►Psychological needs

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►Individualdrives

►Socialrolesandstatus

►All ofthegiven options


Which of the following statements best describes the goals of Organizational Behavior?

►Tounderstandthe behaviorsofpeopleat work

►Toappreciatethe behaviorofpeopleat work

►Toalign behaviors accordingtotheorganizationalgoals

►Todescribe, understand, predict, andcontrolhuman behavioratwork


Management functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling were first classified by_______.

►Stephen Covey

►HenryMintzeberg

►HenriFayol

►MarryParker

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Learning theories include all of the following EXCEPT:

►Classicalconditioning

►Sociallearning

►Operant conditioning

►Contingencytheory


“Smoking is injurious to health”. This statement is an example of which one of

the following components of attitude?

►Cognitive

►Affective

►Behavioral

►Behaviorintension


Which of the following is not one of the types of attitude?

►Jobsatisfaction

►JobInvolvement

►OrganizationalBehavior

►Organizationalcommitment

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The measure of the degree to which a person identifies psychologically

with his/her job and considers his/her perceived performance level important to self-worth is called:

►Jobinvolvement

►Jobsatisfaction

►Jobcommitment

►Jobenrichment


All of the following are attitudes associated with job satisfaction EXCEPT:

►The work itself

►Promotionopportunities

►Supervision

►Negligence


Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation because they influence our perceptions?

►Moods

►Behaviors

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►Values

►Customs


_________________ are the preferences concerning the ends to be achieved.

►Terminalvalues

►Instrumentalvalues

►Theoreticalvalues

►Socialvalues


Which of the following is NOT included in the values across cultures?

►UncertaintyAvoidance

►PowerDistance

►Assertiveness

►Individualismversuscollectivism


All of the following are sources of the values EXCEPT:

►ExternalReferenceGroups

►RoleModels

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►Achievement

►Teachers


What is the most relevant application of perception concepts to OB?

►The perceptionspeople formabout eachother

►The perceptionspeople formabout theiremployer

►The perceptionspeople formabout society

►The perceptionspeople formabout external reality


Which of the following is NOT consistent with rational decision-making?

►Consistency

►Value-minimization

►Ranking ofcriteria

►Evaluating alternatives


According to attribution theory, which of the following is an internally

caused behavior?

►Working late in ordertoget apromotion

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►Arrivingat worklatebecauseheavytraffic

►Working weekendsbecauseofyouremployer‟s orders

►Dependingon luckforsuccess


If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states that the behavior shows ______________.

►Distinctiveness

►Consensus

►Consistency

►Continuity

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Hassan derives a great sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship from

his relationships with his extended family. Which of Maslow‟s needs is Hassan fulfilling through these relationships?

►Self-actualization

►Esteem

►Social

►Physiological


According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?

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►Whenit is substantiallysatisfied

►It neverstopsmotivating

►Whenonereturnstoalowerlevelneed

►Whenonechoosesto movetoahigherlevelneed



►Mcclelland

►Maslow

►Alderfer

►Ouchi


Our intrinsic desire for personal development is included in Alderfer‟s _____________ needs.

►Existence

►Relatedness

►Esteem

►Growth


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McClelland‟s theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?

►Power, acceptanceandconfirmation

►Affiliation, controland realization

►Achievement, realizationandacceptance

►Achievement, powerandaffiliation


Which of the following appears to be the combination of needs found in the best

managers?

►Highachievement,highpower

►Highachievement,lowpower

►Highpower, lowaffiliation

►Lowpower, highaffiliation


Which of the following is NOT a comparison an employee can use in equity

theory?

►Self-inside

►Self-goal

►Other-outside

►Self-outside

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Which of the following method is used for strengthening desirable behavior?

►Negative Reinforcement

►NeutralReinforcement

►PleasantReinforcement

►PositiveReinforcement


Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the higher absentee rate

of women in the workplace?

►Womentendto have moreillnessesthat keepthemfromworkthando men

►Traditionally,womenhave hadthe responsibilityofcaring forhomeand family

►Womentendto be lesssatisfied withtheirjobsthan men

►Women tend to work in jobs that have less flexible schedules than men do


Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting?

►Anattorneywhospendsmost ofhertime researchingon thecomputer

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►Acarsalesmanwhodemonstrates thefeaturesofa newmodelofcar

►Atelemarketerwho usesthephonetocontact clients

►Aproduct support specialistwhofieldscallsfromcustomers


Which one of the following groups may want government to direct more attention to environmental problems?

►Interestgroup

►Commandgroup

►Formal group

►Taskgroup


Which of the following type of teams would most likely empower its team

members to make work-related decisions?

►Technical

►Self-managed

►Problem-solving

►Crossfunctional


Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision making?

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►Moreknowledge throughpoolingofgroupresources

►Moreamountoftimeisrequired tomakeadecision

►Increased acceptance& commitmentduetovoicein decisions

►Greaterunderstanding due to involvementin decisionstages


Which of the following is a tendency for members of a cohesive group to reach decisions without weighing all the facts, especially those contradicting the majority opinion?

►Groupconformity

►Groupshift

►Groupthink

►Socialloafing


Group decisions are generally preferable to individual decisions when which of

the following is required.

►Acceptanceofthesolution

►Acomplicated solution

►Speedandefficiency

►Clearresponsibility


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John Kotter‟s view argues that management focuses on coping with

complexity, whereas leadership focuses on coping __________.

►Conflict

►Success

►Morale

►Change


If behavioral leadership theories are correct, then which of the following

statement is true?

►Leadershipbehaviorsareconsistent

►Leadersarebornwith leadership behaviors

►Leaders‟behaviorshould be altered

►Leadershipskillscan be trained


Which of the following communication network is best illustrated by an

unstructured committee?

►Vertical

►Wheel

►All-channel

►Chain

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Which of the following is the most effective communication network for

facilitating the emergence of a leader?

►Chain

►All-channel

►Wheel

►Direct


Which one of the following study in the field of OB has contributed knowledge on a number of topics including: learning, perception, personality, emotions,

training, leadership, motivation, job satisfaction, decision making, etc?

►Psychology

►Sociology

►Anthropology

►Physiology


How do proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior?

►Asaproductofheredity

►Asafunctionofone‟spowerneed

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►Asthe resultofacognitiveprocess

►Asenvironmentallycaused


A bachelor degree holder is most likely to have a job that requires:

►Human skills

►Technicalskills

►Conceptualskills

►Leadingskills


The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes one person

from another is called _______.

►Attitude

►Personality

►Perception

►Mind-set


Teams are very useful in which of the following situations?

►The work tobeperformed isverybasic

►The tasksareinterrelated

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►Noonewantstobe accountable

►The groupishomogeneous


Compare Hofstede‟s cultural dimensions with the GLOBE framework.

Quantity of life versus quality of life

in quantity of life people values money and acquisition of resources.

Hofstede’s cultural dimensions

Quantity of life versus quality of life:

In quality of life people give more values to the relationships and to concentrate on welfare of

others

Uncertainty avoidance:

which people structured over unstructured situations

Power distance: people think that power in the country is not distributed equally.

Individualism versus collectivism

Individualism is the degree to which people pefer to act individuals instead of group.

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Collectivism give low priority to individualism.

Global Frame work

• Future Orientation: The extent to which a society encourages and rewards future-oriented

behaviors such as planning, investing

This is almost like Long-term versus short-term orientation of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions

Assertiveness: A society encourages people to be tough, and competitive versus

modest and tender .

assertiveness is equaling to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions Quantity of life versus quality of life

Uncertainly avoidance : Society relay on social norms and procedures to avoid the uncertainity

uncertainty avoidance is explain in both the views

Performance orientation : society encourages and rewards group members for the improvement

in performance.

Humane orientation : society encourages individuals for being fair and caring to others in

society.

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MIDTERM EXAMINATION


Giving an employee a two-day suspension from work without pay for showing up drunk is an example of which of the following:

►Punishment

►Positivereinforcement

►Extinction

►Negative reinforcement


Rabia is working in a software house. She is a very hard working, motivated to achieve organizational goals and due to her attachment with the organization she wishes to continue her job with the same organization. Her behavior is showing:

►Jobinvolvement

►Jobsatisfaction

►Jobcommitment

►Jobenrichment


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Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and

motivation because they influence our perceptions?

►Moods

►Behaviors

►Values

►Customs


_________________ are the preferences concerning the ends to be achieved.

►Terminal values



►Socialvalues


Which of the following is NOT included in the values across cultures?

►UncertaintyAvoidance

►PowerDistance

►Assertiveness

►Individualismversuscollectivism

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Which of the following statements is TRUE for affect?

►Affectisa type ofemotionandreligion

►Affectisatype ofmoodandenvironment

►Affectcanbe amoodoranemotion

►Affectisthe resultofconsciousthought


The ability of a person to manipulate his/her emotions according to a given

situation is called________________.

►EmotionalIntelligence

►EmotionalConstraints

►AffectiveEmotions

►Cognitivedissonance


Organizational members who intentionally violate established norms that result in negative consequences for the organization, its members, or both, show:

►DeviantWorkplaceBehavior

►EmotionalLabor

►Emotionaldisorder

►Noneofthegivenoptions

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►The perceptions people formaboutexternal reality


Whenever Sana is successful she takes full credit for what has happened,

but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck

or blames one of her fellow employees. She is doing__________.

►Self-servingbiase

►The haloeffect

►Distinctiveness

►Projection


Hunger, thirst, sex, pay, and physical work environment are examples of which

of Alderfer‟s needs?

►Existence

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►Safety

►Growth

►Physiological


Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?

►Definingthegoal

►Goaldifficulty

►Goalspecificity

►Equityamongco-workers


Which of the following is one of the relationships proposed in expectancy

theory?

►Reward-satisfactionrelationship

►Satisfaction-performance relationship

►Rewards-personalgoals relationship

►Effort-satisfaction relationship


What continuum in the two-factor theory is made up of the hygiene factors?

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►Nodissatisfactiontodissatisfaction

►Nodissatisfactiontosatisfaction

►Satisfactionto nosatisfaction

►Satisfactionto dissatisfaction


Some MBO programs fail to live up to expectations. Which of the following is NOT a common reason that MBO programs fail?

►Allowingsubordinateto participate insettinggoals

►Unwillingnesstorewardgoalaccomplishment

►Unrealistic expectations regardingresults

►Lack ofcommitmentbytopmanagement


Who sets MBO objectives?

►The immediate supervisor

►The superior andsubordinate

►The headofdepartment

►The employees themselves


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The tendency of individuals to exert less effort when they work in a group than

when they work alone is referred to as:

Sucker effect _

Social loafing _

Social facilitation _

Socialization _


Teams generally have a(n) _____________ impact on employee motivation.

Inconsistent _

Positive _

Discouraging _

Neutral _


Demand on leader is ___________ in a team comprising of 2-7 members.

► High

Highest _

► Low

► Moderate

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Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of a small team?

Lack for diversity of _ views

Less chances of disagreement _

Less rigidity _

Less difficult to assemble _


Which of the following type of teams allows for collaboration between team members who are physically dispersed?

Local _

Global ►

Virtual _

Interactive _



There is an absence of verbal _ cues

There is limited social _ context

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People collaborate online _

All of the given _ options


Which of the following is described as a tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members?

Group think _

Group shift _

Group polarization _

Social loafing _


Which of the following is a group decision making method in which individual

members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion?

Brainstorming _

Groupthink _

Nominal _ group Technique

Delphi model _


Which of the following is likely to generate the least innovative alternatives?

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Face-to-face interacting _ groups

Brainstorming _

Delphi technique _

Nominal group technique _


Which of the following techniques most restricts discussion or interpersonal communication during the decision-making process?

Groupthink _

Nominal group _

Brainstorm _

Electronic meeting _


According to Robert House, which of the following statement is true?

Managers use the authority inherent in their _ designated formal rank

Leaders are the primary agent for bringing _ organizational change

Leaders establish direction by developing a _ vision of the future

Leaders align and direct people by _ communicating their vision


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The University of Michigan researchers concluded that:

Employee-oriented leaders had lower _ productivity

Employee-oriented leaders had higher _ productivity

Production-oriented leaders created lower _ employee satisfaction

Production-oriented leaders created higher _ employee satisfaction


The means by which a communication is passed is called:

Medium _

Instrument _

Conductor _

Transmission _


When manager marketing is communicating with the manager production, it is

called:

Upward communication _

Downward communication _

Lateral communication _

Vertical communication _

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Sami is developing marketing page for the company web site and is concerned

about the appearance of his active links. He seeks reactions from fellow employees. The reactions he seeks are part of the:

Adjourning phase _

Encoding phase _

Decoding phase _

Feedback phase _


Memos, letters, e-mail, fax transmissions, and organizational periodicals represent examples of:

Informal communication _ channels

Formal communication _ channels

Written _ communication

Non _ verbal communication


Which of the following is an important nonverbal component of communication?

Written memo _

Paraphrase _

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Eye contact _

E- mail _


Rumors would most likely flourish in situations where there is:

Ambiguous situation ►

Well-communicated change _

Assurance by management _

A _ chain communication style


Which one of the following study in the field of OB has contributed knowledge on

a number of topics including: learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership, motivation, job satisfaction, decision making, etc?

Psychology _

Sociology _

Anthropology _

Physiology _


__________ are the shared beliefs about expected behaviors aimed at making

groups function effectively.

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Group ethics _

Group norms _

Group criteria _

Group unity _


Which of the following type of values determine the preferences for the means to be used in achieving desired ends?

Terminal values _

Instrumental values _

Theoretical values _

Social values ►


The Big Five model is related to ________.

► Perception

Personality _

Experience _

Culture _


Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite what they might apparently show?

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Felt _

Displayed _

Conditional _

Exposed _

vuZs


Process variables include all of the following EXCEPT:

Climate of trust _

Team efficacy _

Minimized social loafing _

Specific goals _


Compare and contrast command, task, interest, and friendship groups by giving practical examples.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Time: 60 min

Marks: 50

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Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - P lease choose one


►Psychologicalneeds

►Individual drives

►Socialroles andstatus

►All ofthegivenoptions


The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their study of group

behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations?

►Psychology

►Sociology

►Anthropology

►Social Psychology


Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required competencies of

managers?

►Technicalskills,humanskillsandconceptualskills

►Leading skillsandmotivational skills

►Organizing skillsandinterpersonal skills

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►Motivating skillsand intrapersonal skills


The smell of fresh cake baking makes Saima‟s mouth water is an example of which one of the following learning theory?

►Classical conditioning

►Sociallearning

►Operantconditioning

►Reinforcementtheory


Managers should be interested in their employees‟ attitudes because:

►Attitudes influencebehavior andperception

►Attitudes givewarningsignsof potentialproblems

►Attitudes areassociatedwith jobsatisfaction

►All ofthegivenoptions

IT IS OBVIOUS


Which of the following is NOT one of the scales to measure job satisfaction?

►Minnesota SatisfactionQuestionnaire

►The FacesScale

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►The mentorscale

►DescriptiveIndex

Reference: The most widely used scales to measure job satisfaction include the Minnesota

Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Faces Scale, and the Job Descriptive Index.

Pg no. 30


Zahra‟s personality shows that she is dependable, well organized, and responsible. According to the Big Five model; which of the following is the right dimension for describing Zahra‟s personality?

►Agreeableness

►Emotional stability

►Extroversion

►Conscientiousness

Reference: Conscientiousness Is exhibited by those who are described as dependable,

organized, and responsible. Pg no. 35


Which of the following are the categories into which emotions are usually grouped?

►Simple and Complex

►PositiveandNegative

►Positive and Complex

►Complexand Negative

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Reference: Women show greater emotional expression than men, experience emotions

more intensely, and display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions. Emotions are classified as positive & negative only.


Emotional Responses that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job are called:

►Felt Emotions

►DisplayedEmotions

►Moods

►Emotional Intelligence

Reference: Displayed emotions are those that are organizationally required and

considered appropriate in a given job. Pg no. 39


Organizational members who intentionally violate established norms that result in negative

consequences for the organization, its members, or both, show:

►Deviant WorkplaceBehavior

►EmotionalLabor


►None ofthegiven options


What do we call the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory

impressions in order to give meaning to their environment?

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►Environmental analysis

►Social verification

►Outlook

►Perception


The awareness that a problem exists and that a decision needs to be made is a/an:

►Perceptualissue

►Emergencyissue

►Cognitive issue

►Ethicalissue


Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the rational decision-making model?

►The decisionmaker hascomplete information

►The decisionmaker isawareof all consequences

►The decisionmaker canidentifyall therelevant criteria

►The decisionmaker isconstrainedbytime andcosts

Reference: No time or cost constraints. The rational decision maker can obtain full information about criteria and alternatives because it is assumed that there are no time or

cost constraints. Pg no. 53

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www.virtualians.pk


According to which of the following decision making model; people seek solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient?

►BoundedRational

►ThreeComponent Model

►Contingency

►Rational

Reference: Bounded Rationality;People satisfice—they seek solutions that are satis factory

and sufficient. Pg no. 53



►Asusingrationality

►As usingboundedrationality

►Asusingcreativity

►Asrelying on othersto make decisions


Which of the following is NOT an ethic in decision making?

►Utilitarianism

►Focuson right

►Focuson justice

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www.virtualians.pk

►Favoritism


Which of the following statements is NOT an example of stereotyping?

►Thereisno need toofferchild-careto him;menaren‟tinterestedin childcare

►Don‟thireanolder worker; theycan‟t learnnewskills

►Shewasgoodather last job, soshewill begoodat thisone

►Shewon‟t relocate forapromotion, sincewomendon‟trelocate


What is the primary organizational factor that satisfies people‟s physiological needs?

►Relationship

►Recognition

►Pay

►Admiration



►Mcclelland

►Maslow

►Alderfer

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www.virtualians.pk

►Ouchi

Reference: Alderfer‟s ERG Theory Pg no. 61


Shahid is a salaried employee whose job is to proof read legal documents. He discovers that he

is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to this discovery according to equity theory?

►Thequantityofdocumentshe proofreadswill decrease

►Thequalityofdocumentshe proofreadswilldecrease

►The quantityand/orthequalityof documentshe proofreads willincrease

►There willbeno effectofthisfactonhisperformance


Which of the following statements is true?

►Olderemployees havelowerrates ofavoidableabsence thanyoungerworkers

►Older employeeshave lower ratesofunavoidable absence thanyoungerworkers

►Older employeesaremore likelyto quittheir job than youngerworkers

►Older employeesareperceived to bemore flexiblethanyoungerworkers


Research does NOT support which of the following statements about gender in the workplace?

►Women aremore willing to conformto authoritythanmen

►Men are moreaggressive than women

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www.virtualians.pk

►Womenare more productive at workthanmen

►Men have higher expectationsofsuccess


Which of the following is NOT one of the most widely used variable-pay programs?

►Piece-rate wages

►Merit-based pay

►Fixedpay

►Profitsharing plans


In which of the following situation Synergy is most likely to occur?

►Theactivitiesofall groupmembersare fullydependenton oneanother

►Theperformance ofone member ofagroup affectswhatother membersdo

►Group membersmustperformspecificbehaviorsin apredetermined order

►Groupmembers actingtogetherproduce more orbetteroutputthanalone


Which of the following is the stage of group development characterized by the development of

close relationships and cohesiveness?

►Forming

►Norming

►Storming

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www.virtualians.pk

►Adjourning


Which of the following does NOT explain the characteristics of teams?

►Commonalityofpurpose

►Interconnectivityamongindividualmembers

►Flexibilityanddegree ofresponsiveness

►Restrictions onexpressionofideas


Which of the following is NOTconsidered an advantage of electronic meetings?

►Maintainsthe secrecyofideas

►Speed updecision making process

►Receivingcreditforthe best ideas

►Accurate exchange ofopinions


Which of the following statement is true about decision making using nominal group techinque?

►Thismethod isgood togenerate aquantityofideas

►Thismethod isgood forbuildinggroup cohesiveness

►Thismethodis goodforencouragingindependent thinking

►Thismethod isaninexpensive wayofgenerating maximumideas

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www.virtualians.pk


Which of the following is the product of a sender‟sencoding?

►Channel

►Message

►Transmission

►Medium


If Ali is apprehensive regarding oral communication, which of the following behaviors is he least

likely to display?

►Heprefers totalk onthephone

►Heprefersto send emails

►Herelieson memosor letters

►Heavoidsface-to-face communication


Sami is developing marketing page for the company web site and is concerned about the

appearance of his active links. He seeks reactions from fellow employees. The reactions he seeks are part of the:

►Adjourningphase

►Encoding phase

►Decoding phase

►Feedback phase

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www.virtualians.pk



►Written memo

►Paraphrase

►Eye contact

►E-mail

It is mentioned in the handouts of ENG301. Pg no. 15


A communication channel with greater channel richness is most likely to provide:

►Greaterfeedbackdensity

►Greaterfiltering capability

►Greaterperceptualwellness

►Largeramounts of information


Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity require management

to identify an employee‟s which characteristics?

►Physicalabilities

►Motorabilities

►Mentalabilities

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www.virtualians.pk

►Emotionalabilities


If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for achieving those goals

and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the following functions is he/ she

performing?

►Planning

►Organizing

►Leading

►Controlling



►Humanskills

►Technical skills

►Conceptualskills

►Leadingskills

Reference: Technical Skills

• The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs

require some specialized expertise, and many people develop their technical skills on the job Bachelor degree holder will certainly prefer the job that requires his expertise in certain field. Human and conceptual skills are required for the jobs as of disturbance

handlers, figure heads and liaison etc.


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www.virtualians.pk

Which of the following type of values determine the preferences for the means to be used in

achieving desired ends?

►Terminalvalues


►Theoretical values

►Social values

Reference: Instrumental values.

• Preferences for the means to be used in achieving desired ends.

Pg no. 25


Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by discussing the problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions in problem solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction in which of the following ways?

►Exit

►Voice

►Loyalty

►Neglect

Reference: Voice is an Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions,

including suggesting

improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and some forms of union activity.Pg no. 32

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www.virtualians.pk


The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of relationship?

►Performance-reward

►Effort-performance

►Reward-personal goal

►Effort-satisfaction

Reference: Expectancy theory states that an individual tends to act in a certain way based

on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome. Pg no. 66

If we note in the above definition the word „act‟ can be replaced by performance and „outcome‟ can be used instead ofreward. This theory states that an individual expect to achieve reward for his/her performance.


The communication used by managers to provide job instructions is an example of:

►Downwardcommunication

►Lateral communication

►Directional communication

►Diagonalcommunication

Reference: In downward communication Organizational decisions are made at top level and then

flow down to the people who carry them. Pg no. 6 of ENG301 H.outs

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www.virtualians.pk

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Fall 2009


Time: 60 min

Marks: 50



►Psychological needs

►Individualdrives

►Socialrolesandstatus

►Allofthegivenoptions


The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations?

►Psychology

►Sociology

►Anthropology

►SocialPsychology

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www.virtualians.pk


Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required

competencies of managers?

►Technicalskills,humanskillsandconceptualskills

►Leadingskillsandmotivationalskills

►Organizingskillsandinterpersonalskills

►Motivatingskillsand intrapersonalskills


The smell of fresh cake baking makes Saima‟s mouth water is an example of

which one of the following learning theory?

►Classical conditioning

►Sociallearning

►Operant conditioning

►Reinforcement theory


Managers should be interested in their employees‟ attitudes because:

►Attitudes influence behaviorandperception

►Attitudes givewarningsignsofpotentialproblems

►Attitudes are associatedwith jobsatisfaction

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www.virtualians.pk




►MinnesotaSatisfaction Questionnaire

►The FacesScale

►The mentorscale

►DescriptiveIndex


Zahra‟s personality shows that she is dependable, well organized, and

responsible. According to the Big Five model; which of the following is the right dimension for describing Zahra‟s personality?

►Agreeableness

►Emotionalstability

►Extroversion



Which of the following are the categories into which emotions are usually grouped?

►SimpleandComplex

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www.virtualians.pk

►PositiveandNegative

►Positiveand Complex

►Complexand Negative


Emotional Responses that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job are called:

►FeltEmotions

►DisplayedEmotions

►Moods



Organizational members who intentionally violate established norms that result

in negative consequences for the organization, its members, or both, show:

►DeviantWorkplaceBehavior

►EmotionalLabor


►Noneofthegivenoptions


What do we call the process by which individuals organize and interpret their

sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment?

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www.virtualians.pk

►Environmentalanalysis

►Socialverification

►Outlook

►Perception


The awareness that a problem exists and that a decision needs to be made is

a/an:

►Perceptual issue

►Emergencyissue

►Cognitiveissue

►Ethicalissue


Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the rational decision-making

model?

►The decisionmakerhascomplete information

►The decisionmakeris aware ofall consequences

►The decisionmakercanidentifyalltherelevant criteria

►The decisionmaker isconstrainedbytimeandcosts

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www.virtualians.pk


According to which of the following decision making model; people seek

solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient?

►BoundedRational

►Three Component Model

►Contingency

►Rational



►Asusingrationality

►Asusingboundedrationality

►Asusingcreativity

►Asrelying onothers to make decisions


Which of the following is NOT an ethic in decision making?

►Utilitarianism

►Focusonright

►Focusonjustice

►Favoritism

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www.virtualians.pk


Which of the following statements is NOT an example of stereotyping?

►There isnoneedtoofferchild-caretohim; menaren‟t interestedin child care

►Don‟thireanolderworker; theycan‟tlearnnewskills

for more contents visit

http://groups.google.com/group/vuZs

►She wasgoodather lastjob, soshewill begoodatthis one

►Shewon‟t relocate forapromotion, sincewomen don‟trelocate


What is the primary organizational factor that satisfies people‟s physiological needs?

►Relationship

►Recognition

►Pay

►Admiration



►Mcclelland

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www.virtualians.pk

►Maslow

►Alderfer

►Ouchi


Shahid is a salaried employee whose job is to proof read legal documents. He discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to this discovery according to equity theory?

►The quantityofdocumentsheproofreadswilldecrease

►The qualityofdocuments heproofreadswilldecrease

► The quantity and/or the quality of documents he proofreads will

increase

►There willbenoeffect ofthisfactonhis performance


Which of the following statements is true?

► Older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than

younger workers

►Olderemployeeshavelowerratesofunavoidable absence than younger workers

►Olderemployeesare morelikelytoquit theirjob thanyoungerworkers

►Olderemployeesare perceivedtobe moreflexible thanyoungerworkers

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www.virtualians.pk


Research does NOT support which of the following statements about gender in

the workplace?

►Womenare more willing toconformto authoritythanmen

►Menare moreaggressivethanwomen

►Womenaremore productiveatworkthanmen

►Menhave higherexpectations ofsuccess


Which of the following is NOT one of the most widely used variable-pay

programs?

►Piece-ratewages

►Merit-basedpay

►Fixedpay

►Profitsharing plans


In which of the following situation Synergy is most likely to occur?

►The activities of allgroupmembersarefullydependenton one another

►The performanceofonememberofagroup affectswhat othermembers do

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www.virtualians.pk

►Groupmembersmustperformspecific behaviorsin apredetermined order

►Groupmembers actingtogether produce moreor betteroutputthan

alone


Which of the following is the stage of group development characterized by the development of close relationships and cohesiveness?

►Forming

►Norming

►Storming

►Adjourning


Which of the following does NOT explain the characteristics of teams?

►Commonalityofpurpose

►Interconnectivityamongindividualmembers

►Flexibilityanddegreeofresponsiveness

►Restrictionsonexpressionofideas


Which of the following is NOTconsidered an advantage of electronic meetings?

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www.virtualians.pk

►Maintainsthe secrecyofideas

►Speedupdecision makingprocess

►Receivingcreditforthebestideas

►Accurateexchange ofopinions


Which of the following statement is true about decision making using nominal group techinque?

►Thismethodis goodto generatea quantityofideas

►Thismethodis goodforbuildinggroup cohesiveness

►This methodisgoodforencouragingindependentthinking

►Thismethodis aninexpensive wayofgeneratingmaximum ideas


Which of the following is the product of a sender‟sencoding?

►Channel

►Message

►Transmission

►Medium


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www.virtualians.pk

If Ali is apprehensive regarding oral communication, which of the following

behaviors is he least likely to display?

►Hepreferstotalk onthephone

►Heprefers tosendemails

►Hereliesonmemosorletters

►Heavoids face-to-face communication


Sami is developing marketing page for the company web site and is concerned

about the appearance of his active links. He seeks reactions from fellow employees. The reactions he seeks are part of the:

►Adjourning phase

►Encodingphase

►Decodingphase

►Feedbackphase



►Writtenmemo

►Paraphrase

►Eye contact

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www.virtualians.pk

►E-mail


A communication channel with greater channel richness is most likely to provide:

►Greaterfeedbackdensity

►Greaterfilteringcapability

►Greaterperceptualwellness

►Larger amountsofinformation


Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity

require management to identify an employee‟s which characteristics?


►Motorabilities

►Mentalabilities



If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for

achieving those goals and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the following functions is he/ she performing?

►Planning

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www.virtualians.pk

►Organizing

►Leading

►Controlling



►Human skills

►Technicalskills

►Conceptualskills

►Leadingskills


Which of the following type of values determine the preferences for the means to

be used in achieving desired ends?

►Terminalvalues



►Socialvalues


Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by discussing the problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions

www.virtualians.pk

www.virtualians.pk

in problem solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction in which of the following ways?

►Exit

►Voice

►Loyalty

►Neglect


The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level

will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of relationship?



►Reward-personalgoal



The communication used by managers to provide job instructions is an example of:

►Downwardcommunication

►Lateral communication

►Directional communication

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www.virtualians.pk

►Diagonalcommunication


How does ERG theory differ from Maslow‟s hierarchyof needs?

Answer :

Abraham Maslow‟s theory of needs describes five levels of needs and from bottom to top order they are :

1 ) Physiological needs : These include basic needs of food, existence, shelter etc. This is the lowest level of needs in Maslow‟s hierarchy.

2 ) Safety needs :These include the needs for feeling safe and protected from environmental hazards.

3 ) Social needs : These include the need for belongingness and having social relationships

4 ) Esteem needs : These needs include the need for being recognized and having respect in society

5 ) Self actualization needs : This is the highest level of needs and means that a person reaches the full potential he is capable of reaching.

\

In contrast to this, Clayton Alderfer‟s ERG needs are three and they are :

1 ) Existence needs : The need for existence i.e food, shelter etc.

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www.virtualians.pk

2 ) Relatedness needs : The need for having social relationships and being related to.

3 ) Growth needs : The needs for growth and achieving something and doing something good in life.

The major difference however between the two is that according to Maslow the lowest level needs starting from physiological needs will be more important for an individual to fulfill before he moves on to the next level of needs. This means that the needs at a next higher level will not be important for an individual until he completely or to a good extent satisfies his needs at the immediate lower level. Once the needs at the lower level are met completely or sufficiently they will no longer remain the source of motivation for the individual and he will move on to the next level up and will try to fulfill

those needs and they will become the motivation for him. But according to Alderfer this was not the case. The needs priority for different people can be different. Some people might give more importance to the growth needs and will be motivated to behave in ways that satisfies their need for growth more than the satisfaction of the need for relatedness or existence.

This assumption of Maslow that the lower level needs should be fulfilled before the individual deems higher level needs as a source of motivation was the biggest flaw in the theory as different people have different

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2009



Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of group in organization?

►Commongoal

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www.virtualians.pk

►Interactionwith oneanother

►Accept expectationsandobligations

►Mutuallyindependent


Jobs in which success demands stamina, leg strength and manual dexterity require management to identify an employee‟s which characteristics?


►Motorabilities

►Mentalabilities



Which of the following communication network is best illustrated by an

unstructured committee?

►Vertical

►Wheel

►All-channel

►Chain


When all communication is channeled through one person, which of the

following communication network exists?

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www.virtualians.pk

►All-channel

►Chain

►Horizontal

►Wheel


Formal guidelines and authority hierarchies are examples of which function of communication?

►Control

►Agreement

►Motivation

►Information


Which of the following is an example of downward communication flow?

►Suggestionboxes

►Disscussingproblemwithboss

►Feedbackonjobperformance

►Letterstoyourboss

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www.virtualians.pk



►Medium

►Instrument

►Conductor

►Transmission


On the Leadership Grid, a manager who has a medium concern for both, people

and production is a (n):

►Teammanager

►Countryclub manager

►MIddleoftheroadmanager

►Authority-obedience manager


If a leader‟s main concern is accomplishing his/hergroup‟s tasks, the University of Michigan studies label this leader as:

►Production-oriented

►Laissez-faire

►Consideration-oriented

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www.virtualians.pk

►Employee-oriented


Which of the following are the two dimensions of leadership behavior identified in the University of Michigan studies?

►Emotionalandrational

►Autocratic anddemocratic

►Initiatingstructureandconsideration

►Employee-orientedandproduction-oriented


If trait theories of leadership are valid, then leaders are _____.

►Educated

►Trained

►Born

►Authoritarian



►Managers seek change and leaders don't

►Leadersarethoughtofasbetterpeoplebecausetheydon'tpunish

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www.virtualians.pk

►Leadersare advocates for change,andmanagers for the statusquo

►Managers areconcerned withpeople, and leaderswith events


Which of the following techniques most restricts discussion or interpersonal

communication during the decision-making process?

►Groupthink

►Nominalgroup

►Brainstorm

►Electronic meeting


Which of the following is a tendency for members of a cohesive group to reach decisions without weighing all the facts, especially those contradicting the

majority opinion?

►Groupconformity

►Groupshift

►Groupthink

►Socialloafing


What is generally the result of groupthink?

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www.virtualians.pk

►Higherqualitydecisions

►Moreriskydecisions

►Less criticalanalysis

►Unpopulardecisions



►There isanabsenceofverbalcues

►There islimitedsocialcontext

►Peoplecollaborateonline



Which of the following helps to explain the current popularity of teams?

►Easyto manage

►Less expensive

►Useemployeetalentsbetter

►Promotesocialization


Which of the following statements concerning tenure is NOT true?

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www.virtualians.pk

►Tenuredoesnot appeartobeagoodpredictorofemployeeproductivity

►Tenureand satisfaction arepositivelyrelated

►Tenureisagoodvariablein explainingturnover

►Tenure andorganizational investmentare negativelyrelated


What other name is the two-factor theory known by?

►TheoriesX and Y

►Motivator-HygieneTheory

►HierarchyofNeeds Theory

►Satisfaction/DissatisfactionTheory


Which of the following method is used for strengthening desirable behavior?

►Negative Reinforcement

►NeutralReinforcement

►PleasantReinforcement

►PositiveReinforcement


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www.virtualians.pk

How does McClelland define the need for affiliation?

►Drivetoexcel,to strive to succeed

►Needtomakeothersbehaveinanovelway

►Desirefor friendship andmutualunderstanding

►The desire to control&influencetheirbehavior



►Mcclelland

►Maslow

►Alderfer

►Ouchi


Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs arranges those needs in which of the following orders?

►Physiological,esteem, safety, social,and self-actualization

►Physiological,safety,social, esteem,andself-actualization

►Safety, physiological, esteem, social, and self-actualization

►Physiological,social, safety, esteem,and self-actualization

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www.virtualians.pk


What are the three key elements of motivation?

►Interest, activityandreward

►Awareness,effortand outcome

►Stimulation,progressandachievement

►Intensity,directionandpersistence


Amna is an honest and straightforward person. She believes her

employees are all similarly honest and straightforward, ignoring signs that they may be

manipulating her. What perceptual shortcut is Amna most likely using?

►Prototyping

►Contrast effect

►Haloeffect

►Projection


Asma is experiencing conveyance problem for her college pick and drop. She decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step she takes if she follows this model?

►Define theproblem

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www.virtualians.pk

►Identifythedecisionscriteria

►Evaluateotheravailable alternatives

►Select thebestalternative


The time at which an object or event is seen is an example of what type of factor influencing the perceptual process?

►Situation

►Perceiver

►Reality

►Target






►The perceptionspeople formaboutexternal reality


Imran is the head of a group at an advertising agency working with artists and designers to come up with effective branding of new products. Why is it

particularly important for him to keep his team happy?

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www.virtualians.pk

►Peoplearemore conscientiouswhen theyarein agood mood

►Peoplearemore efficient when theyarein agoodmood

►Peoplearemore productive when theyareinagoodmood

►People are more creative whentheyareinagoodmood


Which of the following statement is true regarding Big five Model?

►The BigFivetraits arerelatedtointrinsicmotivationalfactors

►The BigFivetraits arerelatedtoextrinsicmotivational factors

►The BigFivetraitsarerelatedtobothintrinsicandextrinsicfactors

►The BigFivetraits haveno relationshiptomotivationalfactors


The degree to which people value relationships and show sensitivity and concern for the welfare for others is called:

►Quantityoflife

►Qualityoflife

►Long-termorientation

►SocialLoafing


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www.virtualians.pk

All of the following are sources of the values EXCEPT:

►ExternalReferenceGroups

►RoleModels

►Achievement

►Teachers


Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead towards achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best described these values?

►Terminalvalues



►Socialvalues



►MinnesotaSatisfaction Questionnaire

►The FacesScale

►The mentor scale

►DescriptiveIndex

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www.virtualians.pk


Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant

is called----------------.

►Positivereinforcement

►Extinction

►Negative reinforcement

►Punishment


Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused him food

poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he feels nauseous. This is an example of which of the following learning theory?

►Classicalconditioning

►Sociallearning

►Operantconditioning

►Reinforcement theory


Which of the following are identified as new managerial functions?

►Planningandorganizing

►Leadingandcontrolling

►Directing and monitoring

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www.virtualians.pk

►TQMandcontinuous improvement


Mr. Ahmed is responsible to transmit information to outsiders on organization‟s plans, policies, actions and results. Which managerial role is he playing in organization?

►Disseminator

►Spokesperson

►Representative

►Figurehead


The greatest contribution of which one of the following to OB is through their study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations?

►Psychology

►Sociology

►Anthropology

►SocialPsychology


If a manger is responsible to define goals, establish an overall strategy for

achieving those goals and matching activities accordingly, then which one of the following functions is he/ she performing.

www.virtualians.pk

www.virtualians.pk

►Planning

►Organizing

►Leading

►Controlling


What are the common skills exhibited by an effective manager?

ANSWER:

Skill: Skill is defined as an ability to act in a way that allows a person to highly

perform his roles.

Skills required by Effective Manager:

There are various skills which must be possessed by a manager in order to be effective. Some of such skills are listed below

Define proper goals for everyone. Must plan and organize the work properly so that it flows smoothly. Enables proper communication in all directions. Promotes participation of individuals Provide honest feedback Empower and delegate the important tasks to subordinates Have full control over the whole process Motivate the subordinates to goal achievement Exhibits technical as well as administrative expertise to answer related

questions. Facilitates work through teams and proper training Keep the activities move by following the schedule and deadlines. Rewards good performances

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www.virtualians.pk

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2009


Time: 60 min

Marks: 50


The opinion or belief segment of an attitude is described by which component of attitude?

►Cognitive

►Affective

►Behavioral

►Behaviorintension


Values like working hard, being creative and honest are the means which lead towards achieving organizational goals. Which of the following term best described these values?

►Terminalvalues



►Socialvalues

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www.virtualians.pk


Which of the following country is a representative of collectivism as a nation i.e.

group harmony, cohesiveness, consensus and corporation?

►Canada

►Japan

►United States

►CapeTown


Guatemala is a country where inequalities exist showing gap between rich and

poor. Which of the following value is truly representing the state of Guatemala?

►Power distance

►Individualism

►Collectivism

►Uncertaintyavoidance


The Big Five model is related to ________________

►Perception

►Personality

►Experience

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www.virtualians.pk

►Culture


Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to be pleasant and accommodating in social situations?

►Extroversion

►Opennesstoexperience

►Emotionalstability

►Agreeableness


Which of the following is NOT one of the traits according to the Big Five Model?


►Extroversion

►Agreeableness

►Selfactualization


Emotional Responses that the organization requires workers to show and

considers appropriate in a given job are called:

►FeltEmotions

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►Displayed Emotions

►Moods



Which of the following is NOT one of the six universal emotions, as agreed upon by most contemporary researchers?

►Anger

►Fear

►Hate

►Sadness


Sana is a group leader at interior designing firm. She is concerned with the achievement of her peers and subordinates, she appreciate their suggestions

and motivates them to come up with something new and unique. Which of the following is Sana‟s style?

►Conceptual

►Behavioral

►Directive

►Analytical


“Just because he was late in his first class, his teacher thinks he is irresponsible student". Which error teacher has commited in this case?

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►Selectiveperception

►Stereotyping

►Halloeffect

►Socialperception


It is not possible for Mr. Asim to understand everything he sees, he notices a few of the things, we can say that he engages in:

►Assimilating

►Selectiveperception

►HaloEffect

►Target Perception


According to attribution theory, which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

►Anemployeeislatebecauseofa flattire.

►Anemployeewaspromotedbecause ofhisabilities

►Anemployeewasfired becausehesleptonthejob.

►Anemployeewaspromotedbecause he washardworking.


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According to attribution theory, if someone shows different behaviors in different

situations then this can be termed as___________.

►Consensus

►Distinctiveness

►Reliability

►Consistency


Which of the following statement best describes “motivation?”

►Results in a level ofeffortsputbyagroup

►Intensifiesanindividual‟seffortsfromothers

►Guidesanindividual‟seffortstowardsa goal

►Meetsanindividual‟sneeds, wantsanddemnands


Shahid is a salaried employee whose job is to proof read legal documents. He

discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to this discovery according to equity theory?

►The quantityofdocumentsheproofreadswilldecrease

►The qualityofdocuments heproofreadswilldecrease

► The quantity and/or the quality of documents he proofreads will

increase

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►There willbenoeffect ofthisfactonhis performance


The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of relationship.



►Reward-personalgoal



Two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor?

►Advancement

►Workingcondition

►Achievement

►Recognition


What continuum in the two-factor theory is made up of the hygiene factors?

►Nodissatisfactiontodissatisfaction

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►Nodissatisfactiontosatisfaction

►Satisfactiontonosatisfaction

►Satisfactionto dissatisfaction


Which of the following is NOT a biographical characteristic?

►Region

►Age

►Sex

►Tenure


Which of the following statements concerning tenure is NOT true?

►Tenuredoesnot appeartobeagoodpredictorofemployeeproductivity

►Tenureand satisfaction arepositivelyrelated

►Tenure is agoodvariableinexplainingturnover

►Tenureand organizationalinvestment arenegativelyrelated


What does MBO provide for the individual employee?

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►Specificperformanceobjectives

►Precisejobdescriptions

►Cleardirectionandpurpose

►Highersalaries


Who sets MBO objectives?

►The immediate supervisor

►The superiorandsubordinate

►The head ofdepartment

►The employees themselves


Which of the following are all forms of variable-pay programs?

Wage incentive plans, flextime, _ piece-rate

Piece-rate, wage incentive plans, gain _ sharing

Profit-sharing, lump-sum bonuses, extended _ vacations

Retirement benefits, extended vacations, _ flextime


Which of the following is one advantage of variable pay plans to management?

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They turn fixed labor costs into variable _ labor costs

They turn low producers into high _ producers

They turn slow employees into fast _ employees

They turn high fixed costs into low fixed _ costs


Which of the following statements most accurately describes interest groups?

They are longer lasting than friendship _ groups

They are formed because of some common _ objective

They are governed by labor _ laws

They are likely to involve great social _ conflict


Teams typically outperform individuals when the tasks being completed

______________

Require multiple skills _

Require judgment _

Require experience _

All of the given options _

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Team members with good listening, feedback, and conflict resolution skills

possess ______________.

Technical expertise _

Problem-solving skills _

Decision-making _ skills

Interpersonal skills _


Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of a small team?

Lack for diversity of _ views

Less chances of disagreement _

Less rigidity _

Less difficult to assemble _


Individual decisions are generally preferable to group decisions when which of

the following is required?

Speed _

Creativity _

Acceptance _

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Quality _



Managers seek change and leaders _ don't

Leaders are thought of as better people _ because they don't punish

Leaders are advocates for change, and managers _ for the status quo

Managers are concerned with people, and _ leaders with events


Which of the following is a behavioral theory of leadership?

Trait theory _

Fiedler model _

Ohio _ State studies

Equity Theory _


According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader‟s behavior is directed toward getting the job done is called:

Initiating structure _

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Consideration _

Maximization _

Path-goal _


A leader high in initiating structure would do which of the following?

Exhibit laissez-faire type of _ leadership

Maximize leader-member _ relations

Assign group members to particular _ tasks

Empower employees to make their own _ decisions


The graphic portrayal of a two-dimensional view of leadership styles by Blake and Mouton is known as:

Least preferred co-worker _ scale

Leader-participation model _

Autocratic-democratic _ continuum

Managerial grid _



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Medium _

Instrument _

Conductor _

Transmission _


Bulletin, notice boards, circulars are considered to be which type of communication?

Upward communication _

Downward _ communication

Horizontal communication _

Lateral communication _



Written memo _

Paraphrase _

Eye contact _

E- mail _

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Which of the following communication network occurs when a checkout clerk

reports to a department manager, who in turn reports to a store manager, who reports to a regional manager?

Wheel _

All-channel _

Chain _

Horizontal _


The _____ network best serves to promote high member satisfaction.

Direct _

Circle _

Wheel _

All-channel _


What are the common skills exhibited by an effective manager?

A skill is an ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform highly in her or his role. Managers need three types of skills:

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1. Conceptual Skills 2. Human Skills 3. Technical Skills

1. Conceptual skills to analyze and diagnose a situation to distinguish between cause and effect;

2. Human skills to understand, work with, lead, and control the behavior of

individuals and groups

3. Technical skills job-specific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organizational role.

Effective managers need all three types of skills—c onceptual, human, and

technical. For example,

Entrepreneurs often are technically skilled but lack conceptual and human skills. Scientists who become managers have technical expertise, but low

levels of human skills.

Management Skills

Robert Katz has identified three essential management skills: technical, human, and conceptual.

1. Technical Skills

• The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs require some specialized

expertise, and many people develop their technical skills on the job.

2. Human Skills

• The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both

individually and in

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groups, describes human skills. Many people are technically proficient but interpersonally incompetent

3. Conceptual Skills

1. The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations

2. Decision making, for example, requires managers to spot problems, identify alternatives

that can correct them, evaluate those alternatives, and select the best one.

Skills Exhibited by an Effective Manager

1. Clarifies goals and objectives for everyone involved

2. Encourages participation, upward communication, and suggestions

3. Plans and organizes for an orderly work flow

4. Has technical and administrative expertise to answer organization- related questions

5. Facilitates work through team building, training, coaching and support

6. Provides feedback honestly and constructively

7. Keeps things moving by relying on schedules, deadlines, and helpful reminder

8. Controls details without being over-bearing

9. Applies reasonable pressure for goal accomplishment

10 . Empowers and delegates key duties to others while maintaining goal clarity and commitment

11 . Recognizes good performance with rewards and positive reinforcement

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mgt502 organizational behavior all midterm solved paper...

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