7ADAO 017 GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA FIG 17/9PARAMETR IC INVESTIGAYION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS. VOLUME IV .- ETC U)-LI" I' FEB a81 H L A SSETT , J M NEWTON, W ADAMS AFOSR-77-3469

UNCLASSIIFIEIQ AORTR-11062 NL

mhhmmhmhmhlEhEEEEmihhmhhEI

3 AEOR- TR. 8 1 -04862

PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATIONOF

RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS:

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

By

H. L. Bassett, J. M. Newton, W. Adams, J. S. Ussailis,M. J. Hadsell, & G. K. Huddleston A. 1*

Prepared for

AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (AFSC)BOLLING AIR FORCE BASE, D. C. 20332

FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT, VOLUME IV OF IVGRANT AFOSR-77-346930 September 1977 - 31 December 1980

February 1981

GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYEngineering Experiment Station &SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

-,TLANTA, GEORGIA 30332

L. iLU-.j Approved forp- lic release ;

"j L 8 61 distribution ualimLted,CThe views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and

should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorse-ments, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Office of Scientific Researchor the U. S. Government.

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PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS Final Technical eort, V. 4METHODS". EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, f 4/September 1977-Dec. 19r-'J

6. PERFORMING OG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(*) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(,)

H. L. Bassett, J. M. Newton, W..Adams, J. S.,, )I 'AFOSR-77-3469Ussailis, M. J. Hadsell i and G. K. Huddleston - '

9." PER'ORW OWGAN IATION NAME AND ADDRESS "10. PROdAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASKAREA 6 WORK UNIT NUMBER$

Georgia Institute of Technology- ,

Engineering Experiment Station & School of EE 61102PF3'011A6Atlanta, Georgia 30332

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Radome MeasurementsAntenna MeasurementsMillimeter Wave RadomeRadome Analysis

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverie side If naceeery end identify by block number)

This Volume 4 of four volumes presents 140 measured far-field patterns andboresight error data for eight combinations of three monopulse antennas and fivetangent ogive Rexolite radomes at 35 ciz. The antennas and radomes, all of dif-ferent sizes, were selected to provide a range of parameters as found in theapplications. The measured data serve as true data in the parametric investi-gation of radome analysis methods to determine the accuracies and ranges ofvalidity of selected methods of analysis.

DD ' )473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE ("oWhn Date Entered)

PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS:

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

by

H. L. Bassett, J. M. Newton*, W. Adams*,

J. S. Ussaillis, & M. a. Hadsell

Engineering Experiment Station

Electromagnetics Laboratory* and

Radar and Instrumentation Laboratory

Georgia Institute of Technology

G. K. Huddleston

School of Electrical Engineering

Georgia Institute of Technology

Atlanta, Georgia 30332

Final Technical Report, Volume IV of IV

for

Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFSC)

Physics Directorate (Code NP-77-148)

Bolling Air Force Base, D. C. 20332

under

Grant AFOSR-77-3469

30 September 1977 - 31 December 1980

February 1981

AIR FoRcE OFFIOE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (AJS )

NOTICE OF TRANlSMITTAL TO DDCThia technlical ' reviewed and i

approved for publc rvlease lAW AFR 190-12 (7b).

Distribution l3 unliwited.A. D. BLOSETe.hMC.l IllorU0tion Off Or

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

Introduction... ... ... . .. . . . .. . . .. . ......

CHAPTER II

Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER III

Radomes and Mounting Hardware ......... .................. 6

CHAPTER IV

Pattern Measurements ..... ................. . ....... 12

CHAPTER V

Boresight Error Measurements .......... ............ . . 18

F cces~lon ForITSGl-A&I

1':,' C TAB K]

"Ju i f ca t j0n

Al l

_.i t on/vstl~bity Cde

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE Page

1 Schematic Drawing of Four-Horn Monopulse Antenna Array. 4

2 Photograph of Front View of Large, Medium and SmallAntennas ............ ......................... 5

3 Photograph of Medium Antenna Showing Tuning Screws inWaveguide Feeds .......... ..................... 7

4 Photograph of Input and Output Ports of Monopulse

Comparator ........... ........................ 8

5 Photograph of Complete Antenna Assembly Using Small Array. 9

6 Illustration of Dimensions of Tangent Ogive Radomes . • . 10

7 Photograph of the Five Radomes, Three Baseplates, ThreeAdapter Inserts, and Two Extension Rings Used in theExperimental Work ........ .................... 13

8 Radome Positioning Procedure: Large Array and Large F=IRadome Shown .......... ....................... .14

9 Coordinate System Used for Antenna Pattern Measurements

I.

ii

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE jaE

1 Ratios of Radome Inside Diameter to Antenna ApertureDiameter for Antenna/Radome Combinations Measured .. ..... 3

2 Monopulse Array Dime~nsions ................. 3

3 Radome Dimensions in Inches ................. 11

4 Measured Loss in Gain (decibels) For Eight Antenna/RadomeCombinations........................22

PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS:

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

I. Introduction

This technical report documents the pattern and boresight error

measurements mar> on eight combinations of three monopulse antennas and

five tangent ogive radomes at 35 GHz in support of the parametric inves-

tigation of radome analysis methods carried out under qrant AFOSR-77-3469.

The measurements program was carried out by personnel in the Electromag-

netics Laboratory and the Radar and Instrumentation Laboratory of the

Engineering Experiment Station at Georgia Institute of Technology during

the period October 1977 throuq December 1980.

This report is Volume IV of four volumes which comprise the final

technical report for this researc, -ant. Volume I presents an overview

of this research and salient results. Volume II documents the analytical

method and Fortran computer code used to .i '±yze the various antenna/ra-

dome combinations using a fast receiving formulation based on Lorentz

reciprocity and geometrical optics. Volume III documents the analytical

method and additional Fortran software required for radome analysis based

on the Huygens-Fresnel principle (surface integration).

The overall objective of this research is to develop a general

theory of radome analysis and to determine the accuracies of three compu-

ter-aided radome analysis methods under controlled conditions of antenna

size and placement, wavelength and radome size and shape. The measured

data presented here is used as true data in the assessments of the accu-

racies of those methods. It is expected that this measured data will be

used in the future by other investigators for the same purposes. It is

for this reason, and the fact that no similar data base currently exists,

that these measured data are so tediously documented.

Three antennas, representing small, medium, and large in terms of

radiating aperture size, were combined with five tangent ogive radomes

to provide a range of antenna/radome parameters that is likely to be en-

countered in the applications and for which the accuracies of likely com-

puter codes are to be determined. The parameters of the radomes include

both size (small, medium, large) and fineness ratio; i.e., ratio of radome

length to diameter. The tangent ogive shape was chosen because of its

ease of fabrication, analytical tractability, and widespread use in the

applications. The eight combinations of antennas and radomes measured

are summarized by the entries in Table 1.

The physical characteristics of the antennas and radomes used are

presented below: The measurement procedures and coordinate systems are

also described. The measured pattern data and boresight error data are

presented in Appendices A through K. Principal plane patterns and dia-

gonal plane patterns of the sum, elevation difference, and azimuth dif-

ference channels of the three antennas alone are presented in Appendices

A, B, and C. Measured principal plane patterns of the antennas with

radomes are presented in Appendices D through K for the eight combina-

tions used. Each of these eight appendices is conclude,1 with measured

boresight error data.

II. Antennas

The antennas are four-element monopulse arrays as shown in Figures

1 and 2. Their dimensions in wavelengths (X) at 35 GHz and in inches are

given in Table 2. Each element is a conical horn with a circular to

2

POw O-

Table 1. Ratios of Radome Inside Diameter to Antenna ApertureDiameter for Antenna/Radome Combinations Measured.

Antenna

Radome Small Medium Large

Small (F=1.0) 2.33 --.

Medium (F=1.0) 3.98 2.33 --

Medium (F=-l.5) -- 2.33 --

Medium (F=2.0) -- 2.33 --

Large (F=1.0) 7.28 4.27 2.33

Table 2. Monopulse Array Dimensions.

Dimension Small Medium LargeArray Array Array

(See Figure 1) x inches x inches A inches

A 0.919 0.310 1.839 0.620 3.633 1.225

B 2.589 0.875 4.567 1.540 9.015 3.040

C 2.108 .160 1.054 .320 2.604 0.878

D 1.275 0.430 5.456 1.840 6.153 2.075

3

I I

-. I-I-

/ II // I C

I \ I1 I I -

~ 1 'I

r

4

~ ~~~~7~ jim in------ - - -

.4

tD

rectangular waveguidte transit i en at t ht tI iroat. All four el(_.ments are

machined into a single piect, )f aluminum for stability and to facilitate

pattern measurumentls with and without the various radoms. The three

arrays produce measured sum patter:i i t-am widths of 28' (small array)

150 (medium) , and 8 (large) as shown in Appendices A through C.

Signals received by the horn elements are fed into a monopulse

comparator via four rectangular waveguide sections. The signal taths to

this point are not of exactly equal length; hence, low-loss dielectric

screws were introduced into the wave guide sections to adjust the phase

delay in each signal path to a single constant. That constant was deter-

mined by the relative phase of the longest signal path at the comparator

input port. An example of a waveguide section tuned in this way is shown

in Figure 3.

The monopulse comparator is a single unit of several waveguide

couplers. Signals received at the four input ports are combined to pro-

duce a sum, azimuth difference, and elevation difference channels. In-

put and output port views of the comyarator are shown in Figure 4.

The complete antenna assembly for the small horn is presented in

Figure 5. The elevation difference channel is shown connected to a har-

monic mixer. The remaining channels are terminated in matching impedances.

III. Radomes and Mounting Hardware

Five radomes of tangent ogive shap( were fabricated for us(

with the three antennas. Three radomes have fineness ratios of 1:1 and

three different base diameters designated as small, medium and large.

The remaining two radomes have medium base diameters with fineness ratios

of 1.5:1 and 2.0:1. Figure 6 and Table 3 present the radome dimensions

in froespace wavelengths (M) and in inches (")

......

j16--

Figure :3. Piloogr aph 'P**

in Waveguide Feed .

-Ob

I

5-0

1-4 5-0

F4)

C-4-)

C

I

5-

C

U-

4)5-0 5-

0-44 -J

C-C

-4

5-

t . - - -.-- ~---- -- -. -. --

~L~aJ

I-

-- I .1

A

Figure 6. Illustration of Dimensions of Tangent Ogive Radomes

L1(

Table 3. Radome Dimensions in Inches.

Small Medium Medium Medium Large

F=1.0 F=1.0 F=1.5 F=2.0 F=1.0

A 0.1875 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.375

B 2.110 3.440 5.250 6.940 6.318

C 2.370 3.825 5.663 7.540 6.875

D 2.550 4.015 3.993 4.000 6.910

E 2.050 3.510 3.497 3.500 6.410

11

Th'e ra(loiem w r, machine d from cyli ad:ro of Rv-xol it ( 4)r

The, wall thickness for al rd 'mns was chosen to he on the orde r )f ont.

wavel ength in atxe ,. ! 3% GH.'. 'T"i s t h iknursa; :rvided adecquat,

strength and rigidity in the laru,-r radomf,!; and consi .:t(nt effects for

all sizs.

The radomes were mounted to ;?(,cia]i ly machined baseplates as shown

in Figure 7. The base,-lates were. then affixed to selected extensi i tubes

for mounting the radome over the selected antenna. A cylindrical hole

was machined in each extension tube to fix the anale between the radome

axis and the antenna axis to pr_,cisely 150, and to accurately position

the antenna inside the radom(.

Additional mountinq hardware, was fabricated to allow the radome

with base ralate assembly to be rotated about the axis of the antenna as

shown in Figure 8. This hardware allowed for accurate positioning of the

ti,, of the radome with respect to the principal planes of the antenna to

facilitate boresight error measurcments. Provision was also made to ro-

tate the antenna/radome combination by any specified angle so thor creat

circle pattern cuts could be made using a single azimuth positionor ro-

tatine about i vertical axis.

TV. Pat tern Measurementc

The far field ran-zn, facilitatei the measurement of microwave an-

,.an a< with far fi ld r ions ,' f, ..- cc- ' -di-ztant. 1'.r ri- ye.-

gro;in, , on n(U ['i '- a S*[ W; !.a'il t to alj,.,w orientation of the antenna

:n', , ' ,.t . Tht' re;livi,:A (t, , ) , ,stal is suz.}port.d by a Scientific

.%tir,], ierz.'cv I~~, 1 i- i :an 1)(, positioned down rangeI

* t,;] ;,'. ' ,1 ;r v, , a . ,I ri:-ontal tr.c -k. The tralis-

7; *- .: ' 1: a a-a . i i i r . t and , lari zat ion of the

AL -- lA e

Radome Locked in Vertical Position

Rotation of Antenna with Radome Locked in Vertic,1l Position

Rotation of Radome/Antenna Assemblv to Desired Polarization

!'iuir 8.Radome Positioflifl, PrwceudurL: Large Array and Large F=I Radome Shown

transmitting antenna (in this case, a 35 GHz horn). Signals received by

the antenna under test are heterodyned by the phase/amplitude receiver

(SA 1753) as the antenna under test (AUT) is rotated about the vertical

axis. From the received signal amplitudes, a 1 kHz AM signal is pro-

duced as the imput to the pattern recorder (SA 1522-40). The recorder

produces a 10" x 20" rectangular plot of relative power one way versus

the angular position of the antenna. The angular movement of the re-

corder is directly linked to the test antenna positioner through a syn-

chro-transmitter-receiver feedback loop. No phase measurements were

attempted because of instabilities in the Klystron source and because

of the mechanical stability difficulties inherent at 35 GHz on an out-

door range.

To understand the pattern measurement procedure, consider the

initial position of the four-horn array (AUT) on the receiving pedestal

to be such that it is vertically polarized with respect to the horizon-

tal surface of the earth. The horizontal plane containing the axis of

symmetry of the antenna (z-axis) is the H-plane and corresponds to the

0=00 and 0=1800 planes of the spherical coordinate system shown in

Figure 9(a). H-plane measurements were made by rotating the azimuth

positioner in the clockwise direction (Observer #1 looking down on it),

starting from a position such that the antenna would be to the left of

Observer #2 standing upright behind the receiving pedestal and looking

toward the transmitting antenna at the other end of the range. When

the transmitting antenna is aligned rotationally about its axis to be

vertically polarized, the so called parallel polarization component

in Figure 9(a) is recorded. By rotating only the transmitting an-

tenna by 90° clockwise (Observer #2) to yield horizontal polarization,

the cross polarization component V in Figure 9(a) was measured.

15

= Z ,i

yx

H-Plne:0 =00 = 100 -Oeas

450 -Plan130 =400=~3o0 - es

-45 0 -lane 0 =13500 .4 0 40 Oe.

10 O010

PATRVNGEOes

(b) elaionhip to ecodedPatern easremnts

FIGURE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~w 9.CodntxytmUe o nen atr esrmns

16H

The recorded pattern angle 0 for the H-plane patterns measuredflea s

during this program is exactly the negative of the polar angle 6 defined

in Figure 9(a). This statement is true for all pattern measurements, ex-

cept the E-plane patterns, and the relationships between the patterns pre-

sented in Appendices A through K and the antenna coordinate system are

summarized in Figure 9(b). These relationships are of critical importance

to ensure that accurate comparisons to computed patterns are made, es-

pecially when the radome is present.

The E-plane of the AUT is the vertical plane which contains the

antenna axis of symmetry; i.e., the yz-plane of the antenna coordinate

system shown in Figure 9(a). Pattern measurements in the E-plane were

made by first rotating both the AUT and transmitting antenna 900 clock-

wise (Observer #2 behind AUT). Pattern recordings of the parallel com-

ponent yE of Figure 9(a) were then made as described above for the H-poen

plane. By rotating the transmitting antenna 900 (Observer #2), the cross

component VE of Figure 9(a) was measured. The relationships between the

recorded patterns and the antenna coordinate system are summarized in

Figure 9(b).

Diagonal plane pattern measurements were made on the antennas

alone for modeling purposes. The planes are defined by 0=45 ° and =-45*

in the antenna coordinate system of Figure 9(a). The relationships to

the recorded patterns are shown in Figure 9(b).

The receiver used had only a single channel, and pattern measure-

ments on each channel (E, AEL , A AZ) of each antenna were done one channel

at a time. The harmonic mixer was installed on the desired port of the

monopulse comparator. The other ports were terminated in matched wave-

guide loads. The mixer and loads were interchanged until all the channels

were measured.

17

All pattern measurements with the radomes in place were done in

the same manner as with the antennas alone. The radome under test was

always mounted so that its axis of symmetry made an angle of 150 with

the axis of symmetry of the antenna; furthermore, the radome was rotated

by angle a so that the tip was located in the 0 = -450 plane of the an-

tenna coordinate system of Figure 9(a). This position was selected to

produce measurable boresight errors and pattern asymmetries in both

principal planes. Boresight error measurements were later made as a

function of this angle a as explained in the next section.

Measured pattern data for the antennas alone are presented in

Appendices A, B, and C. Patterns with the radomes are presented in

Appendices D through K. Note that for these latter patterns, the pat-

tern of the antenna alone is shown as a dashed line for reference pur-

poses. Although some effort was made to show the relative gain and

boresight data correctly on these patterns, the boresight error graphs

presented at the end of each appendix and the measured relative gain

data presented below should be consulted as the final, correct data.

V. Boresight Error Measurements

When a radome is placed over the monopulse antenna, an error in

the boresight of the antenna on the order of a few tens of milliradians

may result. Electrical boresight is indicated when the antenna is posi-

tioned in the central nulls of the two orthogonal monopulse channels

(A , A ). This position of the antenna without radome is the trueEL AZ

boresight of the antenna.

Boresight error caused by the radome is defined here as being the

actual angular position of the target (transmitting antenna) in the coor-

dinate system of Figure 9(a) when electrical boresight is indicated in

18

the difference channels. For example, a positive boresight error iuI Azi-

muth (elevation) would place the target in the ¢=O plane ( =90 ° , Ian,.)

of Figure 9(a). Equal, positive boresight errors in both azimuth andF

elevation sould place the target in the =45O plane. Negative boresignc ,

errors may also occur.

Boresight error measurements were made during this investigation

using a precision milling machine rotary table as a turntable mount fzr tthe receiving monopulse antenna and radome. Error measurements werec

made in the elevation and azimuth channels separately. boresicIr .rrc!,

in azimuth were measured by first positioning the monopuls, ,rr .

transmitting antenna on the far-field range to yield vertical

tion. The turntable was carefully rotated until electrical ;,rc.-. , :.

the AAZ channel was indicated. The radome was then placed over th <

tenna and positioned in the angle a. The turntable was carefully ad-

justed to indicated electrical boresight in the AAZ channel. The bore-

sight error was then read directly from the vernier scale of the tur:,-

table. Boresight errors in the elevation c..annel (A EL were done similar-

ly by rotating both antennas 900 clockwise (Observer #1) about their

common axis of symmetry and repeating the above procedure.

The indication of electrical boresight was obtained using a

Hewlett-Packard 415 VSWR meter, crystal detector, and l-kHz amplitude

modulation on the 35 GHz signal being transmitted. The detector was in-

stalled on the difference channel port of interest and connected to the

VSWR meter. The difference channel null position was determined by mea-

suring equal amplitudes on either side of the null as the turntable was

rotated about the null position, and then taking the average of the two

angular readings on the turntable vernier scale. This method was adopted

19

*1l' i '' , ad :at I ru .u'rdor y i'li'd - '-t ie res!-ul t. du'e to

Au:'ll Piss iLm(Vv _, * i- radonm reti i, A dwaie wasme: i- so)

nu:1: l 'array axis, orsmety)axsl Also, the, rasiemt- with!a, -

- eu 7. 0 ro ' ttd1 abu n' 1:-axis of t-ise trstenn su: ht hC ra-

* lu- co uld( beroi ioedt lie I any ;=u lane of icure ,(b)

.SuresPiant error measurements were made-ais a funtctioin of tis asoic A.

1- r exam!ule , wheon a',the rademe thu: lie.s in t:.e -- t- : lar~e of tie, anter.-

uaes "ncboresicoht error ) n azimuth but none e' levation djue to sym-

<try. When a-=Q, no bore sighit error in the 0, 1"". elwould boe x-

<t(due to symametry) , bIut errors, in wo uA id, i e ted. For any

..t:r value of aerrors would. be exj _ectec3 in bia'cs.

The measured boresiol- errors for ' -- admceon-

hinationts shown in Tab le i are ur,. sent- ' r, -af o .

A' ,ondices D througjh K. Each fioure_ : -r! ;In -ma: us in

nut>, anid in elevation - For oenc 'Ira:.: li- a; t .- : ,U arnql t ,

2i tuer ordinate isboresigh t error i.d- r' -. a-a ,- were made

- -insremntstnsow-1. t__( ompd e t rtnou of zo odO Ideal's,

b ssgterrors are nut s.~r-pm wa ,t_ : *r too' of Is- ' de2qrees;

<use 'U iauros: dlata ov(,r two pcriOdsF nro-CVi~'' an mdi(j .t1ion of re-

*Iaul a ri snitny

A nder' .31'<au ua lossL ini on-axis riain of the sun' enannol of

nr'uss ulus>astr a -treg. lsswa s mnc -eared czii nulv by rx'initorang

-r~ ~ ~ 1 '>"I ar':.s ad 1p''itt ins;j arnt', na wor'i, 'ms 1K ma3xinulm

received signal in the sum channel. Gain loss was measured at tlh- four

angular positions a of the radome as presented in Table 4.

21

21

5'j .1.!.M1asurL'd Lo-,s i Gain Fdcj>I)Ior Ei,,ht

,Vntc~nlla/Ra cneM Conu; j1 na n10n a

Antenna Radurnc ~-5~ =-

Isll,,1 Small (F=!.') .407 r).C

MNediun (F=1.0) .3 1.71.

Larci-e (F=l. 1) 1. 4' i. e 1.4

Mecdium Medium (F'1.l) 1~ .

Medium (1.).01.0 1.0

Medium (F--2.0) 0. 6

APPENDIX A

Antenna Patterns of Small Array Without Radome

23

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WC) kM 3NO AJV-13

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(80) RVM 3N0 N3MOd MiJV138

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(80) IUM 3NO ?83M~d 3AIAb138

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1901 AIJM 3NO $3MCd IAII138~c'j q (0 2 C4- 4 C6 Cj a, 0 ~ -T w

-- AW

APPENDIX B

Antenna Patterns of Medium Array Without Radome

37

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CD N -S- ~ CD ~ N CD - -S

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q-0 CDe rN 13M~ 3AI J 0N 30

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1 0 c C6 C 4 11) D r

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-4

____ ___ ____ ___ (20 AtP ~ M~ JA~U1 ~ ___ ____ ___ ___

N ~ .0 ~ N ~ '.0 ~ '0 G) N 0 (

511

CC

(980) )AM 3NO 41M~d 3A11b]28 C

EDE

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hrr

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190) kdM 3NO 83MOd 3AI]±J138

(.20) k8M 3NO gMcl 3A11tfl38CCl 6 CD -c'J 4~ G6 C T' w D C6

53

APPENDIX C

Antenna Patterns of Large Array Without Radome

55

~10

(N

(N ~ (0 QJ (N 'r1 (0 O ( D (D 00 N ~ (

(80) AVM 3NO 83MOd 3AIiV13d

C4C

0

to

j6Ili

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(80) AVM 3NO N3MOd 3AIY138

-AMA,

mms~mum - --Ew

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01

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W)~V JkmNO 83MOd 3AiV]36i

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630

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-00

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to

65

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-4

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C-

It' 00 N3 C ' r ED c(0

(80) AVM 3N0>I3MOd JALLV1Jd t

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(80) AVM 3NOI 8MOd 3AIiV1J31c4b 64 c0 c) - 64 b ob vu4cb

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69

(80) AVM 3NO, 83MOd 3AUN1JN

001

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N 'I O ~ ~ N(0 CXlillhCD Cm

CN C-CC (

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E

0

-.d

----- --- 2

ri .

W) AM 3N183Md 3AV13

b ob 4J

71

APPENDIX D

Antenna Patterns of Small Array with Small (F=I) Radome

73

C-

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180) .kUM 3NO 83MOd 3A11U1-

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__________ (90) AVM 3NO I3MOd 3AIIV1 d 4

Ci4t b264 o 4- b ( 4 ..b cb

77

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go); AUM ]NO tAM iAlltjl

CD

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C6DC(D cc - l - hr - I

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---- -----

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CC)

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L6OJ )ABM N 3MCd 3AIb118

co

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C', AL -, Cf

OC3 uM ]NO 83MOd jA Iu ja '

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(90) AUM JN0 M

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cCj (D co -W

83

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- - i --- ---------

100 kM ]NO 41MOd 3A~ibll~i C

C6 4 6 C- C I D D- r Lo -0

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84.

--- -- -- -- -

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(903 ktlM -NO 3MO~d ]AA I

- ----------{~- ___--_____

85

ELEVATION P I 121!2.VNCE BORES] (HT ERRO R

0-

-

p'l ()- 9 0" 1200 1 5 0q 180' 21(0'' 240'' 270 3C)' '330"s 360'

AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR

io, (0-9 0) 12- 1 )0 1800 21W' 240 270') '30"' 330" 3600

FIGURE D-3 )RES GUI ERRORS OF SMALL, ARRAY \ND SMiALLI (F=1) RAI)OME.

85I

APPENDIX E

Antenna Patterns of Small Array with M1edium (F1l) Radome

87

" 2 -- - .-

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C

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C:6 ab c 4 6 obrb e

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k- IN 0 tl c ~ (

A0AIOO 017 GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA F/G 17/9PARAMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RADOME ANALYSIS METHODS. VOLUME IV.-ETC(U)FEB 81 H L BASSETT,.J M NEWTON, W ADAMS AFOSR-77-3469

UNCLASSIF AFOSR-TR-81-0462 NL

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(80) kdM 3NO 43M~diT13

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EI.!' \Ii N I)1I 2EIIINCE BORE,(;tT ERI(Rl'2 ,4 ......1

12' -.

6-

0-

12_

i i I i I I 1 1 f Io- 3V- 6W' 90o 120 1 5)-' 1802 210' 240" 270 3000 3300 3600

RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE

AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORES[GHT ERROR2O

151-

_ 2. 15 1 L I I I'3 -

Y) 630 9()' 120'- 30 1 9' 210' 2 40'- 270 300 330 360

"ICUNE -l 13. BORES IGH'T ERRORS OF SMALL ARRAY AND MEllDIUM (FE=1) RADOME.

1 W-

APPENDIX F

Antenna Patterns of Small Array with Large (F=l) Radome

101

Cx Lb O

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113

ELEVATION 1)1FFE10IENCE 30 RUS I El lRW ia)R

.)0

20 L i I I I I I I/

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0' 30" 60 900 120'- 150' 1 ROQ 210' 240 270 300 330 360"

RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLIE

AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR15.

10-

0 -

-15

-10-

0) 30" 600 900 120 . 150(' 180' 210' 2400 270( 300" 3300 3o0-

FIGUR"AIU F-1E3. BORESI(HT ERRORS OF SMALL ARRAY AND LARGE RADOME.

114

13,l I I i I AWLI

APPENDIX G

Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Medium (F=l) Radome

115

T- -T-4 ---- -- - - - -

-J -D

fta Kt -Al-bi

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127

I.hJ.LVAI 1 ON 01 I F R'llN(I:I HURLiS I UH'F' ]IIt()R

10

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0 ° 300 60C 90 ° 120' 150 0 1800 2100 2400 270( 300c' 3300 3600

RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE

AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR

25 - I I I I I I I I I I

20-

15

10

S 5

-20

-25I I I I I I I I i I

01 30 60 - 90 o 12( " 0 18 . 21I)- 240 ) 270 ' 300' 330 3600

(:.o' -1 3. BHRES ITGT l!'RORS OF MEDMI'M ARRAY ANO MI. I)[M (F=I) RADOME.

128

APPENDIX H

Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Medium (F=1.5) Radome

LV

129

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133

80) AUM 3NO 43Mgd - A k

--- -- --

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(.90) IHM ]NO 43MOd 3AIibl36

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135

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k ~~2- coAi 4crC

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2!)It

20

0 30c 60' 900 12C- 150" 180' 210- 240' 270' 300' 330' 360

RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE

AZIMUTH DIFFERENCE BORESIGHT ERROR

-20

114

APPENDIX I

Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Medium (F=2) Radome

143

. ......---"--... ........------

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145

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(8G) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -kV z13~ Ai-3

C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _0 -bC, 4 b c ~ b c b C

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RADOME ORIENTATION ANGLE

AZ1W5TH DIFFE-RENCE- BoprSIuiT E-RRoR

-6

-12

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0 30" Wj) -90 120' 150 180(' 211 O' 2400- 270 '300' 3 10 3oo0

El GERE 1-1-3. BORESIG(HT ERRORS OF MEDI UM ARRAY AND MO N(!:=2) RA DOME.

APPENDIX J

Antenna Patterns of Medium Array with Large (F=I) Radome

157

Il7-

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161

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ab c2 c 6 ob 64 4 Qb O 4 01

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11

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I ICUE 1-, 3 BRAZ T:'IT DER ENS, O E S1_Gm A RRADR G (F1 RDM

170

APPENDIX K

Antenna Patterns of Large Array with Large (F=I) Radome

171

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183

ILEVATION DIFFERENCE BORE.SI(GHJT EPR()15, i i

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0-

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-10

I -151

30' 60 90" 1200 150 180" 210( 2400 270 300 ' 330 360'

RADONIE ORIENTATION ANGLE

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20

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ICUtRf' K-13. BORI'SI(;HT ERRORS OF I.AR(GE ARM, Y AND LA'RGE (FI"=) RAI)OME.

184

DATE

FILMED