mhsur conference 10-2019 complete - read-only · october 30, 2019 •dbt prepares thetherapist for...

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11/1/2019 1 Dialectical Behavior Therapy By John Prestby PhD Shore Counseling & Consulting Clinic ([email protected]) 15 th Annual Mental Health & Substance Use Recovery Conference October 30, 2019 DBT Prepares the Therapist for How to do the Treatment. DBT Prepares the Therapist for What Treatment to do. DBT is Empirically Proven to be one of the most Effective Treatments for Person’s Suffering from: Severe Emotional Dysregulation ParaSuicidal Behavior SelfHarming Behavior Therapy Interfering Behavior 1 2 3

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Page 1: MHSUR Conference 10-2019 COMPLETE - Read-Only · October 30, 2019 •DBT Prepares theTherapist for How to do theTreatment. •DBT Prepares theTherapist forWhatTreatment to do. •DBT

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Dialectical Behavior  Therapy  

ByJohn Prestby PhD

Shore Counseling & Consulting Clinic([email protected])

15th Annual Mental Health & Substance  Use Recovery Conference October 30, 2019

• DBT Prepares the Therapist for How to do the Treatment.

• DBT Prepares the Therapist for What Treatment to do.

• DBT is Empirically Proven to be one of the most Effective Treatments for Person’s Suffering from: Severe Emotional Dysregulation

Para‐Suicidal Behavior

Self‐Harming Behavior

Therapy ‐Interfering Behavior

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DBT  HAS  BEEN  PROVEN  TO  EFFECTIVELY   TREAT:

•Persons with Borderline Personality Disorder    (BPD) 

• Persons with BPD and co‐occurring substance abuse

• Persons with Depression and Bipolar Disorder

• Persons with Schizophrenia

• Persons with PTSD (women experiencing   domestic violence)

• Persons with Eating Disorders (binge eating, anorexia, bulimia)

• Persons with Attention Deficit Disorder 

• Suicidal Adolescents

• Developmentally Delayed Individuals

• Persons with HIV

• Families of Clients (especially adolescents)

LATEST DBT RESEARCH

DBT for Substance Use Disorders (DBT‐SUD)

Dimeff and Linehan (2008)

Adapting your DBT Program for Substance Use Disorders DBT‐SUD Training Behavioraltech (2018)

Virtual Reality DBT Mindfulness  Skills Training

Navarro‐Haro etal. (2019)

Online DBT Skills  Training 

Wilks, Lungu, Ang, Matsumiya, Yin and Linehan (2018)

DBT Skills Training as a Stand‐alone Treatment

Valentine, Bankoff, Poulin, Reidler and Patalone (2015)

DBT Skills Training for Persons  with Dual Diagnosis in a “Real World” Setting (Flynn etal., 2019)

DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY:Assumptions about Clients

Patients are doing the best they can.

Patients want to Improve

Patients must learn new behaviors in all relevant contexts

Patients cannot fail in DBT

Patients may not have caused all of 

their own problems, but they have to solve 

them anyway

Patients need to do better, try harder, and/or be more 

motivated to change

The lives of suicidal, BPD individuals are unbearable as they are currently being 

lived

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DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY:Assumptions about Therapy

The most caring thing a therapist can do is help patients change in ways that bring them closer to their own ultimate goals.

Clarity, precision, and compassion are of the utmost importance in the conduct of DBT.

The therapeutic relationship is a real relationship between equals.

Principles of behavior are universal, affecting therapists no less than patients.

Therapists treating patients with borderline personality need support.

DBT therapists can fail.

DBT can fail even when therapists do not.

GoalGoal

2003 Behavioral Tech, LLCFor educational use only. Do not copy or distribute without permission.

Behaviors to Increase

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RockOr

Lion???

SEEK PLEASURE AVOID PAIN

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THREAT

• “What’s Wrong?”  “Somethings Wrong!” “Something Will Go Wrong!”

• “How Am I Doing Right Now?” “Am I Good Enough?”  “Strong Enough?”  “Smart Enough?”

• Very Difficult to Just Be. To Fully Relax. To Feel at Ease & Safe

MINDFULNESS

We typically live in a NARRATIVE about experience 

Rather than

IN THE EXPERIENCE

MINDFULNESS helps us to

ENTER INTO OUR EXPERIENCE

Ron Siegel, The Mindfulness Solution (2010)

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How Does Mindfulness Help?

Ron Siegel

Helps us develop the ability to NOTICE our thought stream and then step out of it and return to our present sensory experience.

We gradually notice how arbitrary our thoughts are 

We gradually notice the typical thought patterns or narratives our brain secretes over and over 

Helps us to develop the ability to  be with our emotional experience 

Helps us discover  that our  feelings and body sensations are constantly changing

Gradually we develop a greater capacity to be with the full range of experience 

Gradually  we  develop enormous flexibility in working with our thoughts and feelings  

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WHAT IS MINDFULNESS ?

WHAT IS MINDFULNESS ?

MINDLESSNESS

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GOALS OF MINDFULNESS SKILLS

Reduce Suffering and Increase Happiness

• Reduce pain, tension, & stress

• Increase joy & happiness

• Improve physical health

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Increase Control of Your Mind

• Stop letting your mind be in control of you 

• Increase ability to focus attention

• Improve ability to detach from thoughts, images, & sensations

• Decrease reactivity to mental events

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Experience Reality As It Is

• Live life with your eyes wide open 

• Experience the reality of your … Life

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MINDFULNESS DEVELOPS COMPASSION

Siegel, 2007

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MINDFULNESS PRACTICE

Mindfulness (Informal) Practice 

Meditation (Formal) Practice 

Contemplative Prayer

Mindfulness Movement

Intensive Retreat Practice

MINDFULNESS/Informal Practice

Core Formal Practice Skills

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Formal Practice Method

Mindfulness Practice is Not

BENEFITS OF MINDFULNESS: Research Findings

emotional regulation

• Decreased ruminative thoughts 

positive emotion

immune response

• Decreased depression & anxiety

• Decreased anger and emotional irritability, confusion and cognitive disorganization

• Reduction of paincoping with pain

increased sense of well‐being

• Decreased risk of depression relapse 

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A MINDFULNESS METAPHOR

STATES OF MIND

RATIONAL

MIND

EMOTIONAL

MIND

WISEMIND

Cool,Rational,Task‐Focused,Ruled by facts & pragmatics

Hot,Mood‐Dependent,Emotion‐FocusedRuled by feelings & urges

Wisdom, Balance, Clear, CompassionateGuided  by “Skillful Means” & Inner Wisdom“The Middle Path”

MINDFULNESSTAKING HOLD OF YOUR MIND

• Observe• Describe• Participate

• Non-Judgmentally• One-Mindfully• Effectively

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TEACHING MINDFULNESS

TEACHING MINDFULNESS

TEACHING MINDFULNESS

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TEACHING MINDFULNESS

MINDFULNESS PRACTICE: 3 STAGES

STAGE ONE

STAGE TWO

STAGE THREE

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In DBT, The Therapist Acting from Wise Mind…

practices• Observing (Just Notices)• Describing (Puts Words On)• Participating (Acts Intuitively from Wise Mind)

and is

•Non-Judgmental (Neither Good nor Bad)•One-Mindful (In-the-Moment)•Effective (Focus on What Works)

2003 Behavioral Tech, LLCFor educational use only. Do not copy or distribute without permission.

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as valid.

The Primary goal is for the Client to genuinely believe that the Therapist GETS IT.

VALIDATION = Empathy + Communication that theClient’s Perspective Makes Sense

VALIDATION is Empirical. When Humans Experience ValidationThey Calm Down, Feel Relief

LEVELS OF VALIDATION• Level 1

• Level 2

• Level 3

• Level 4

• Level 5

• Level 6

LEVELS OF VALIDATION EXAMPLES• Level 1

• Level 3 enraged

someway to put the fire out you know alcohol works

• Level4that you used to go to

visualizing and smelling that bottle of Johnny Walker

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LEVELS OF VALIDATION EXAMPLES• Level 5 there was a lot

of pot and cocaine available you had no carsaw your ex‐girlfriend  started feeling really angry & depressed

• Level 6

Greeting Exercise

Equanimity Phrases

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PRIMARY EMOTIONAL RESPONSES

EXPERIENCE

completely understandable relevant, meaningful, justifiable, correct, or effective.

• Don’t Validate: the actual dysfunctional /destructive behavior, or distorted inaccurate thoughts: however,  you can validate  why the person is having such thoughts or behaving in such a manner.

Active, disciplined, precise VALIDATION

pervasive invalidation emotionally vulnerable

When a client is dysregulated, validate:

When it's hard to know what to validate, validate:

experiencing invalidation from you.

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Emotional Vulnerability

amygdala hypocampus

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SYMPATHETIC/HOT

• Accelerate heart rate 

• Constrict blood vessels

• Raise blood pressure

• Increase muscle tension 

• Amplify physical sensation

• Prepare to Fight , Flee, Freeze

PARASYMPATHETIC/COOL

• Decrease heart rate

• Promote digestion

• Decrease blood pressure

• Fuel storage

• Release endorphins

• Decrease body temp

Gentry (2016)

Nature of the Sympathetic Nervous System

• Immediate

• No Future

• Impulsive

• Irrational/Illogical

• Non planned outside of immediate activity

• Little self reflection

• Little evaluationGentry (2016)

Sympathetic Nervous System Dominance 

• Shift away from real time environmental appraisal into the past (one’s present is contaminated by one’s history)

• Perceptions shift to worrisome fantasies, memories, or repetitive negative thinking

• Moral reasoning lessens or disappears 

• Reacting to perceptions 

• Ruled by history or impulse rather than being Intentional. The Past and our primitive Brain runs the show

Gentry (2016)

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2. YOU ARE DYSREGULATED

3. To Calm Down

RESTORING BALANCE

• 4‐7‐8 Breath (Andrew Weil M.D.)

• Progressive Relaxation

• Autogenic Relaxation

• Diaphragmatic Breathing

• Paired Muscle Relaxation

• TIP Skills

• Neuro‐biofeedback  (e.g. HeartMath)

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Keep Friends

Strengthen Skills

Keep Job

Have a Life Worth Living

End up in Hospital

Loose My Apt

Loose Job

Infection

PROS CONS

TOLERATE

DISTRESS

NOT TOLERATE

DISTRESS

•T COLD WATER

• I•P•P

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• A• Contributing

• C

• E• P

• T

• S

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Misery

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World

Misery. ______________________________

Change Must

Misery ______________________________

ACCEPTING

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Metaphor:

Steps:

Willingness is:

Willfulness is:

SELF‐ACCEPTANCE

When the Problem is in the Outside World  and we have control:

Use our analytical, problem‐solving, doing‐mind 

When the Problem is Inside Our Skin (e.g. thoughts, feelings body sensations):

Use ACCEPTANCE 

(Russ Harris, The Happiness Trap, (2008)

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SELF‐ACCEPTANCE

Somethings Wrong With ME

Homesick

RAIN of Self‐Compassion

R

Allow the experience to be there, just as it is;

Investigate with interest and care;

Nurture with self‐compassion                             Tara Brach , True Refuge (2013)

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EMOTIONAL EDUCATION

Your

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Life Directions

Freely Chosen

BEING (verbs or adverbs not nouns or adjectives)

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THE BAD NEWS IS:

THE GOOD NEWS IS:

DBT INTERPERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS

• What specific results am I looking for in this interaction?• What do I have to do to get the results I want?

• How do I want the other person to feel about me after the interaction?

• What’s needed to get/keep a positive relationship?

• How do I want to feel about myself when the interaction is over?• What do I have to do to feel that way about myself?

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DBT Substance Use Targets

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ADDICTMIND 

CLEAN MINDCLEAR MIND

ADDICT MIND is:ImpulsiveNarrow FocusedRuled by Addiction /UrgesDangerous

CLEAN MIND Is:NaïveRisk‐takingOblivious to DangersVulnerable to Relapse

CLEAR MIND:The Safest Place to BeClean yet aware of Addict MindRadically Accept vulnerability to relapse Enjoy Your Success , while still Expecting Urges and Triggers & Therefore Planning to “Cope Ahead”

DBT SKILLS for SUDs

D

C

B

A

DIALECTICAL ABSTINENCE

CLEAR MIND

COMMUNITY REINFORCEMENT

BURNING BRIDGES &  BUILDING NEW ONES

ALTERNATE REBELLION

ADAPTIVE DENIAL

ABSTINENCE

Pro: When successful, lasts longerCon: Takes longer to recover following relapse

Vulnerable to Abstinence Violation Effect

HARM REDUCTION

Pro: Quicker recovery following relapseCon: More likely to relapse

SYNTHESIS = DIALECTICAL ABSTINENCE

Goal:  To totally commit to complete abstinence&

Nonjudgmentally minimize harm, and  re‐commit to abstinence when a relapse occurs

Pro:    It worksCon:    It’s work. Always either abstinent or working to return to abstinence

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Abstinence Violation Effect

DIALECTICAL ABSTINENCE

• Client is encouraged to commit to an attainable (certain) length of abstinence‐‐ a day, a week, a month, or just 5 minutes

• During this period the client & therapist  take an “unrelentingly insistent” approach to achieving total abstinence

• Requires repetitive “turning the mind” to  remain abstinent  & to do whatever is necessary to keep from using.

• Therapist assists client in strategizing  & using all/any DBT skills necessary to remain abstinent including “COPING AHEAD” 

• Client prepares a harm reduction plan, just in case

COPING AHEAD SKILLS

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COPING AHEAD SKILLS

FAIL WELL

BE AARON ROGERS

• Constantly focused on Ultimate Goal: Scoring a TD or Abstinence

• Once play begins, all efforts are directed to Score

• If play fails to score, return to huddle and determine the NEXT PLAY

• Once play begins, all efforts are directed to score

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ATTRACTING BUTTERFLIES

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY‐SA

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