mhsur conference 10-2019 complete - read-only · october 30, 2019 •dbt prepares thetherapist for...
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy
ByJohn Prestby PhD
Shore Counseling & Consulting Clinic([email protected])
15th Annual Mental Health & Substance Use Recovery Conference October 30, 2019
• DBT Prepares the Therapist for How to do the Treatment.
• DBT Prepares the Therapist for What Treatment to do.
• DBT is Empirically Proven to be one of the most Effective Treatments for Person’s Suffering from: Severe Emotional Dysregulation
Para‐Suicidal Behavior
Self‐Harming Behavior
Therapy ‐Interfering Behavior
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DBT HAS BEEN PROVEN TO EFFECTIVELY TREAT:
•Persons with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
• Persons with BPD and co‐occurring substance abuse
• Persons with Depression and Bipolar Disorder
• Persons with Schizophrenia
• Persons with PTSD (women experiencing domestic violence)
• Persons with Eating Disorders (binge eating, anorexia, bulimia)
• Persons with Attention Deficit Disorder
• Suicidal Adolescents
• Developmentally Delayed Individuals
• Persons with HIV
• Families of Clients (especially adolescents)
LATEST DBT RESEARCH
DBT for Substance Use Disorders (DBT‐SUD)
Dimeff and Linehan (2008)
Adapting your DBT Program for Substance Use Disorders DBT‐SUD Training Behavioraltech (2018)
Virtual Reality DBT Mindfulness Skills Training
Navarro‐Haro etal. (2019)
Online DBT Skills Training
Wilks, Lungu, Ang, Matsumiya, Yin and Linehan (2018)
DBT Skills Training as a Stand‐alone Treatment
Valentine, Bankoff, Poulin, Reidler and Patalone (2015)
DBT Skills Training for Persons with Dual Diagnosis in a “Real World” Setting (Flynn etal., 2019)
DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY:Assumptions about Clients
Patients are doing the best they can.
Patients want to Improve
Patients must learn new behaviors in all relevant contexts
Patients cannot fail in DBT
Patients may not have caused all of
their own problems, but they have to solve
them anyway
Patients need to do better, try harder, and/or be more
motivated to change
The lives of suicidal, BPD individuals are unbearable as they are currently being
lived
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DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY:Assumptions about Therapy
The most caring thing a therapist can do is help patients change in ways that bring them closer to their own ultimate goals.
Clarity, precision, and compassion are of the utmost importance in the conduct of DBT.
The therapeutic relationship is a real relationship between equals.
Principles of behavior are universal, affecting therapists no less than patients.
Therapists treating patients with borderline personality need support.
DBT therapists can fail.
DBT can fail even when therapists do not.
GoalGoal
2003 Behavioral Tech, LLCFor educational use only. Do not copy or distribute without permission.
Behaviors to Increase
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RockOr
Lion???
SEEK PLEASURE AVOID PAIN
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THREAT
• “What’s Wrong?” “Somethings Wrong!” “Something Will Go Wrong!”
• “How Am I Doing Right Now?” “Am I Good Enough?” “Strong Enough?” “Smart Enough?”
• Very Difficult to Just Be. To Fully Relax. To Feel at Ease & Safe
MINDFULNESS
We typically live in a NARRATIVE about experience
Rather than
IN THE EXPERIENCE
MINDFULNESS helps us to
ENTER INTO OUR EXPERIENCE
Ron Siegel, The Mindfulness Solution (2010)
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How Does Mindfulness Help?
Ron Siegel
Helps us develop the ability to NOTICE our thought stream and then step out of it and return to our present sensory experience.
We gradually notice how arbitrary our thoughts are
We gradually notice the typical thought patterns or narratives our brain secretes over and over
Helps us to develop the ability to be with our emotional experience
Helps us discover that our feelings and body sensations are constantly changing
Gradually we develop a greater capacity to be with the full range of experience
Gradually we develop enormous flexibility in working with our thoughts and feelings
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WHAT IS MINDFULNESS ?
WHAT IS MINDFULNESS ?
MINDLESSNESS
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GOALS OF MINDFULNESS SKILLS
Reduce Suffering and Increase Happiness
• Reduce pain, tension, & stress
• Increase joy & happiness
• Improve physical health
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Increase Control of Your Mind
• Stop letting your mind be in control of you
• Increase ability to focus attention
• Improve ability to detach from thoughts, images, & sensations
• Decrease reactivity to mental events
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Experience Reality As It Is
• Live life with your eyes wide open
• Experience the reality of your … Life
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MINDFULNESS DEVELOPS COMPASSION
Siegel, 2007
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MINDFULNESS PRACTICE
Mindfulness (Informal) Practice
Meditation (Formal) Practice
Contemplative Prayer
Mindfulness Movement
Intensive Retreat Practice
MINDFULNESS/Informal Practice
Core Formal Practice Skills
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Formal Practice Method
Mindfulness Practice is Not
BENEFITS OF MINDFULNESS: Research Findings
emotional regulation
• Decreased ruminative thoughts
positive emotion
immune response
• Decreased depression & anxiety
• Decreased anger and emotional irritability, confusion and cognitive disorganization
• Reduction of paincoping with pain
increased sense of well‐being
• Decreased risk of depression relapse
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A MINDFULNESS METAPHOR
STATES OF MIND
RATIONAL
MIND
EMOTIONAL
MIND
WISEMIND
Cool,Rational,Task‐Focused,Ruled by facts & pragmatics
Hot,Mood‐Dependent,Emotion‐FocusedRuled by feelings & urges
Wisdom, Balance, Clear, CompassionateGuided by “Skillful Means” & Inner Wisdom“The Middle Path”
MINDFULNESSTAKING HOLD OF YOUR MIND
• Observe• Describe• Participate
• Non-Judgmentally• One-Mindfully• Effectively
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TEACHING MINDFULNESS
TEACHING MINDFULNESS
TEACHING MINDFULNESS
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TEACHING MINDFULNESS
MINDFULNESS PRACTICE: 3 STAGES
STAGE ONE
STAGE TWO
STAGE THREE
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In DBT, The Therapist Acting from Wise Mind…
practices• Observing (Just Notices)• Describing (Puts Words On)• Participating (Acts Intuitively from Wise Mind)
and is
•Non-Judgmental (Neither Good nor Bad)•One-Mindful (In-the-Moment)•Effective (Focus on What Works)
2003 Behavioral Tech, LLCFor educational use only. Do not copy or distribute without permission.
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as valid.
The Primary goal is for the Client to genuinely believe that the Therapist GETS IT.
VALIDATION = Empathy + Communication that theClient’s Perspective Makes Sense
VALIDATION is Empirical. When Humans Experience ValidationThey Calm Down, Feel Relief
LEVELS OF VALIDATION• Level 1
• Level 2
• Level 3
• Level 4
• Level 5
• Level 6
LEVELS OF VALIDATION EXAMPLES• Level 1
• Level 3 enraged
someway to put the fire out you know alcohol works
• Level4that you used to go to
visualizing and smelling that bottle of Johnny Walker
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LEVELS OF VALIDATION EXAMPLES• Level 5 there was a lot
of pot and cocaine available you had no carsaw your ex‐girlfriend started feeling really angry & depressed
• Level 6
Greeting Exercise
Equanimity Phrases
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PRIMARY EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
EXPERIENCE
completely understandable relevant, meaningful, justifiable, correct, or effective.
• Don’t Validate: the actual dysfunctional /destructive behavior, or distorted inaccurate thoughts: however, you can validate why the person is having such thoughts or behaving in such a manner.
Active, disciplined, precise VALIDATION
pervasive invalidation emotionally vulnerable
When a client is dysregulated, validate:
When it's hard to know what to validate, validate:
experiencing invalidation from you.
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Emotional Vulnerability
amygdala hypocampus
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SYMPATHETIC/HOT
• Accelerate heart rate
• Constrict blood vessels
• Raise blood pressure
• Increase muscle tension
• Amplify physical sensation
• Prepare to Fight , Flee, Freeze
PARASYMPATHETIC/COOL
• Decrease heart rate
• Promote digestion
• Decrease blood pressure
• Fuel storage
• Release endorphins
• Decrease body temp
Gentry (2016)
Nature of the Sympathetic Nervous System
• Immediate
• No Future
• Impulsive
• Irrational/Illogical
• Non planned outside of immediate activity
• Little self reflection
• Little evaluationGentry (2016)
Sympathetic Nervous System Dominance
• Shift away from real time environmental appraisal into the past (one’s present is contaminated by one’s history)
• Perceptions shift to worrisome fantasies, memories, or repetitive negative thinking
• Moral reasoning lessens or disappears
• Reacting to perceptions
• Ruled by history or impulse rather than being Intentional. The Past and our primitive Brain runs the show
Gentry (2016)
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2. YOU ARE DYSREGULATED
3. To Calm Down
RESTORING BALANCE
• 4‐7‐8 Breath (Andrew Weil M.D.)
• Progressive Relaxation
• Autogenic Relaxation
• Diaphragmatic Breathing
• Paired Muscle Relaxation
• TIP Skills
• Neuro‐biofeedback (e.g. HeartMath)
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Keep Friends
Strengthen Skills
Keep Job
Have a Life Worth Living
End up in Hospital
Loose My Apt
Loose Job
Infection
PROS CONS
TOLERATE
DISTRESS
NOT TOLERATE
DISTRESS
•T COLD WATER
• I•P•P
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• A• Contributing
• C
• E• P
• T
• S
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Misery
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World
Misery. ______________________________
Change Must
Misery ______________________________
ACCEPTING
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Metaphor:
Steps:
Willingness is:
Willfulness is:
SELF‐ACCEPTANCE
When the Problem is in the Outside World and we have control:
Use our analytical, problem‐solving, doing‐mind
When the Problem is Inside Our Skin (e.g. thoughts, feelings body sensations):
Use ACCEPTANCE
(Russ Harris, The Happiness Trap, (2008)
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SELF‐ACCEPTANCE
Somethings Wrong With ME
Homesick
RAIN of Self‐Compassion
R
Allow the experience to be there, just as it is;
Investigate with interest and care;
Nurture with self‐compassion Tara Brach , True Refuge (2013)
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EMOTIONAL EDUCATION
Your
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Life Directions
Freely Chosen
BEING (verbs or adverbs not nouns or adjectives)
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THE BAD NEWS IS:
THE GOOD NEWS IS:
DBT INTERPERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
• What specific results am I looking for in this interaction?• What do I have to do to get the results I want?
• How do I want the other person to feel about me after the interaction?
• What’s needed to get/keep a positive relationship?
• How do I want to feel about myself when the interaction is over?• What do I have to do to feel that way about myself?
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DBT Substance Use Targets
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ADDICTMIND
CLEAN MINDCLEAR MIND
ADDICT MIND is:ImpulsiveNarrow FocusedRuled by Addiction /UrgesDangerous
CLEAN MIND Is:NaïveRisk‐takingOblivious to DangersVulnerable to Relapse
CLEAR MIND:The Safest Place to BeClean yet aware of Addict MindRadically Accept vulnerability to relapse Enjoy Your Success , while still Expecting Urges and Triggers & Therefore Planning to “Cope Ahead”
DBT SKILLS for SUDs
D
C
B
A
DIALECTICAL ABSTINENCE
CLEAR MIND
COMMUNITY REINFORCEMENT
BURNING BRIDGES & BUILDING NEW ONES
ALTERNATE REBELLION
ADAPTIVE DENIAL
ABSTINENCE
Pro: When successful, lasts longerCon: Takes longer to recover following relapse
Vulnerable to Abstinence Violation Effect
HARM REDUCTION
Pro: Quicker recovery following relapseCon: More likely to relapse
SYNTHESIS = DIALECTICAL ABSTINENCE
Goal: To totally commit to complete abstinence&
Nonjudgmentally minimize harm, and re‐commit to abstinence when a relapse occurs
Pro: It worksCon: It’s work. Always either abstinent or working to return to abstinence
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Abstinence Violation Effect
DIALECTICAL ABSTINENCE
• Client is encouraged to commit to an attainable (certain) length of abstinence‐‐ a day, a week, a month, or just 5 minutes
• During this period the client & therapist take an “unrelentingly insistent” approach to achieving total abstinence
• Requires repetitive “turning the mind” to remain abstinent & to do whatever is necessary to keep from using.
• Therapist assists client in strategizing & using all/any DBT skills necessary to remain abstinent including “COPING AHEAD”
• Client prepares a harm reduction plan, just in case
COPING AHEAD SKILLS
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COPING AHEAD SKILLS
FAIL WELL
BE AARON ROGERS
• Constantly focused on Ultimate Goal: Scoring a TD or Abstinence
• Once play begins, all efforts are directed to Score
• If play fails to score, return to huddle and determine the NEXT PLAY
• Once play begins, all efforts are directed to score
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ATTRACTING BUTTERFLIES
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