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Rural Pollution Issues Rural Pollution Issues and progress towards solutions and progress towards solutions Michael Payne Michael Payne

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Page 1: Michael Payne

Rural Pollution Issues Rural Pollution Issues and progress towards solutionsand progress towards solutions

Michael PayneMichael Payne

Page 2: Michael Payne

Sources of rural pollutionSources of rural pollution AgricultureAgriculture ForestryForestry Atmospheric depositionAtmospheric deposition Rural housingRural housing Sewage works Sewage works Septic tanksSeptic tanks InfrastructureInfrastructure - roads- roads - railways- railways - airports- airports - leaking water mains and sewers- leaking water mains and sewers WildlifeWildlife

Page 3: Michael Payne

IssuesIssues

Nutrients (N and P)Nutrients (N and P) SedimentSediment PesticidesPesticides Pathogens/Faecal Indicator Organisms (FIOs)Pathogens/Faecal Indicator Organisms (FIOs) ColourColour AmmoniaAmmonia Hydromorph.Hydromorph. Etc …….Etc …….

Page 4: Michael Payne

Rural pollution - ObjectivesRural pollution - Objectives

Surface freshwaters – Good Ecological StatusSurface freshwaters – Good Ecological Status TRAC waters – Good Ecological StatusTRAC waters – Good Ecological Status Fresh groundwaters – Good StatusFresh groundwaters – Good Status Artificial and heavily modified waters – Good Artificial and heavily modified waters – Good

Ecological PotentialEcological Potential Drinking Water Protection (Article 7)Drinking Water Protection (Article 7) Bathing Water standardsBathing Water standards Shellfish Water standardsShellfish Water standards No deteriorationNo deterioration

Page 5: Michael Payne

What is needed to achieve objectives?What is needed to achieve objectives?

Assess current status – classificationAssess current status – classification Compare with objectivesCompare with objectives Any gap needs to be bridged to achieve objectiveAny gap needs to be bridged to achieve objective BUTBUT current status may not be stable current status may not be stable Need to assess Business As Usual scenario (BAU)Need to assess Business As Usual scenario (BAU) If there is an improving trend, less action or no action If there is an improving trend, less action or no action

may be neededmay be needed If there is a deteriorating trend, more action will be If there is a deteriorating trend, more action will be

neededneeded Trends are a particular issue for groundwaters: UK Trends are a particular issue for groundwaters: UK

aquifers have long response timesaquifers have long response times

Page 6: Michael Payne

BAUBAU Defra has carried out 3 BAU studies for agricultureDefra has carried out 3 BAU studies for agriculture Most recent was 2007 and is now datedMost recent was 2007 and is now dated CAP reform likely to significantly alter BAUCAP reform likely to significantly alter BAU BAU is a real issue: nitrate exampleBAU is a real issue: nitrate example Fertiliser N consumption has reduced by 40% over Fertiliser N consumption has reduced by 40% over

25 years, and livestock numbers have also reduced25 years, and livestock numbers have also reduced Nitrate levels in surfacewaters have been falling Nitrate levels in surfacewaters have been falling

since about 2000 (pre-dating NVZ measures in most since about 2000 (pre-dating NVZ measures in most areas) areas)

NVZ measures may add to effect of industry NVZ measures may add to effect of industry developmentsdevelopments

Page 7: Michael Payne

Government hierarchy of measuresGovernment hierarchy of measures

AdviceAdvice

IncentivesIncentives

Regulation (last resort)Regulation (last resort)

Page 8: Michael Payne

Examples of AdviceExamples of Advice

Catchment Sensitive Farming Delivery Catchment Sensitive Farming Delivery Initiative (Government)Initiative (Government)

Campaign for the Farmed Environment Campaign for the Farmed Environment (Industry)(Industry)

PLANET Nutrient Management (Government)PLANET Nutrient Management (Government) Tried and Tested Nutrient Management Tried and Tested Nutrient Management

(Industry)(Industry) Wagrico (Water Industry)Wagrico (Water Industry)

Page 9: Michael Payne

Examples of IncentivesExamples of Incentives

Environmental Stewardship (ELS and HLS) Environmental Stewardship (ELS and HLS) (Government)(Government)

SCAMP (Water Industry)SCAMP (Water Industry) Upstream Thinking (Water Industry)Upstream Thinking (Water Industry) Paying for ecosystem services provides basis Paying for ecosystem services provides basis

for funding, although challenging to develop for funding, although challenging to develop comprehensive schemecomprehensive scheme

Page 10: Michael Payne

RegulationRegulation

Works NoticesWorks Notices Water Protection ZonesWater Protection Zones Use of regulation where stakeholder Use of regulation where stakeholder

engagement failsengagement fails

Page 11: Michael Payne

Examples of new initiativesExamples of new initiatives

Demonstration Test CatchmentsDemonstration Test Catchments Catchment-Based ApproachCatchment-Based Approach River Ray ProjectRiver Ray Project Defra Strategic Evidence and Partnership Defra Strategic Evidence and Partnership

ProjectProject EA/NFU Single Issue Phosphate projectEA/NFU Single Issue Phosphate project

Page 12: Michael Payne

Modelled probability of annual average OP concentrations in fresh river waters being less than ecological good status thresholds as a consequence of diffuse source phosphorus inputs only. 2005

Business as Usual