Michael ShawDirector

U.S. National Coordination Office

The U.S. Space-Based PNT The U.S. Space-Based PNT Current Program and Future Current Program and Future

TrendsTrends

2UAE 04/08

Introduction

• During the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) – Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and

performance– Augmentations improve performance

• Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of the global information infrastructure – Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities – Innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental

protection, public security and science

3UAE 04/08

GNSS Applications Support A Wide Range of Economic

Activities

3

OilExploration

OilExploration

Fishing & BoatingFishing & Boating

AviationAviation Surveying & MappingSurveying & Mapping

Trucking & ShippingTrucking & Shipping

Satellite OperationsSatellite

Operations

Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture

Power GridManagementPower Grid

Management

Personal NavigationPersonal

Navigation

CommunicationsNetwork

Synchronization

CommunicationsNetwork

Synchronization

4UAE 04/08

GNSS is Key to Scientific Monitoringof the Earth

To better understand the changes and complex dynamic processes of our home planet

To better understand the changes and complex dynamic processes of our home planet

5UAE 04/08

Overview

•Program

•Policy

•International Cooperation

6UAE 04/08

• Baseline 24 satellite constellation in Medium Earth Orbit

• Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions

• Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies

• Two types of signals:– Standard (free of direct user fees)– Precise (U.S. and allied military)

• Three segments: – Space– Ground control– User equipment

Global Positioning System (GPS)

7UAE 04/08

GPS Constellation

• 13 Block IIA satellites• 12 Block IIR satellites• 6 Block IIR-M satellite

– Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)

• Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need– 2 Block IIR(M) satellites remaining– Next launch: June 2008

• Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993

31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

8UAE 04/08

GroundAntenna

Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)

GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS)

AscensioAscensionn

Diego Diego GarciaGarcia

Cape Cape CanaveralCanaveralHawaiiHawaii

Kwajalein Kwajalein

Schriever Schriever AFB AFB

ColoradoColorado S KoreaS Korea

AustraliaAustralia

BahrainBahrain

S AfricaS Africa

EnglandEngland

ArgentinaArgentina

EcuadorEcuador

TahitiTahiti

USNOUSNO

AlaskaAlaska

MonitorStation

New New ZealanZealandd

Vandenberg Vandenberg AFB AFB

CaliforniaCalifornia

NGA Monitor Station

OCS Monitor Station

Ground Antenna Future Monitor Station

Master Control Station

Backup Master Control Station

9UAE 04/08

GPS Modernization – the Future

• Second civil signal “L2C”– Designed to meet commercial needs

•Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction

– Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005; 24 satellites: ~2014

• Third civil signal “L5”– Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety-of-life•Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band

– Begins with GPS Block IIF– 1st launch: ~2008 (GPS IIR-M Demo); ~2009 (GPS IIF); 24 satellites: ~2016

• Fourth civil signal “L1C”– Designed with international partners for GNSS interoperability– Begins with GPS Block III– First launch: ~2014; 24 satellites: ~2021

10UAE 04/08

Continuous Performance Improvement

Decreasing range error

PerformanceStandard

Year

Key measures of effectiveness to evaluate GPS services– Accuracy– Bounded inaccuracy– Assured availability– Integrity– Resistance to RF interference/jamming

Accuracy

11UAE 04/08

U.S. Policy History

• 1978: First GPS satellite launched

• 1983: President offered free civilian GPS access to GPS

• 1996: Established joint civil/military GPS management

• 1997: Congress passes law providing civil GPS access free of direct user fees

• 2000: President set Selective Availability to “Zero”

• 2004: President issues U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT

• 2007: President announces Selective Availability eliminated from future GPS III satellites

12UAE 04/08

2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• No direct user fees for civil GPS services

• Open public signal structures for all civil services– Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacture,

applications development and value-added services

– Encourages open market-driven competition

• Encourage use of GPS time, geodesy and signal standards

• Promote global compatibility and interoperability of GNSS systems with GPS

• Protect the radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference

• Recognition of national and international security issues and protect against misuse

13UAE 04/08

2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy

• Recognizes the changing international scene

– Other nations are implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services

• National Executive Committee for Space-Based PNT

– Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation

– Membership includes: State, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Homeland Security, Joint Chiefs of Staff and NASA

• Established National Coordination Office with staff from each member agency

14UAE 04/08

WHITE HOUSEWHITE HOUSE

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

ADVISORY BOARD

Sponsor: NASA

NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT

Executive Steering Group

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT

Executive Steering Group

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE

Host: Commerce

NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE

Host: Commerce

U.S. Space-Based PNT Structure

GPS International Working Group

Chair: State

GPS International Working Group

Chair: State

Engineering Forum

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

Engineering Forum

Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation

Ad HocWorking Groups

Ad HocWorking Groups

DefenseDefense

TransportationTransportation

StateState

InteriorInterior

AgricultureAgriculture

CommerceCommerce

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

Joint Chiefs of StaffJoint Chiefs of Staff

NASANASA

15UAE 04/08

U.S. Space-based PNT Advisory Board

• Conducts assessments; makes recommendations to the Executive Committee in support of national policy goals and objectives for space-based PNT

• Twenty-four members; 6 international members• Met twice in 2007• Last meeting: 27-28 March 2008

16UAE 04/08

Key Executive Committee Activities

• Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan– Summarizes EXCOM agency planning for development, acquisition,

sustainment and modernization of U.S. space-based PNT systems

• Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan– Department of Homeland Security coordinating U.S. capabilities to

detect and mitigate sources of interference to GPS and its augmentations

• National PNT Architecture– Provides national PNT framework/investment strategy to help

guide future PNT system-of-systems investment – 2025 timeframe

• International Cooperation and Consultation– Compatibility and interoperability with other foreign systems

Eight meetings since 2006Eight meetings since 2006

17UAE 04/08

2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy International Relations

Goals: • U.S. space-based PNT systems and services remain

essential components of internationally accepted services

• Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications involving space-based PNT services

To achieve these goals, the U.S. shall:• Encourage foreign development of PNT

services/systems based on GPS– Seek to ensure foreign space-based PNT systems are

interoperable with civil GPS and augmentations– At a minimum ensure compatibility

• Promote use of GPS and its augmentations, civil services and standards with foreign gov’ts and other int’l organizations

18UAE 04/08

Existing and Future GNSS

• Global Constellations– GPS– GLONASS– Galileo*– Compass*

• Regional Constellations– QZSS*– IRNSS*

• Satellite-Based Augmentations– WAAS

– EGNOS

– MSAS*

– GAGAN*

*Future

19UAE 04/08

Goal of Civil Interoperability

• Ideal interoperability provides users a PNT solution using signals from different GNSS systems:

– No additional receiver cost or complexity

– No degradation in performance

GPS

QZSGALILEO

GLONASS

Interoperable = Better Together Than Separate

Interoperable = Better Together Than Separate

Example:

20UAE 04/08

U.S. Objectives with Other GNSS Service Providers

• Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space based PNT services operating separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal– Radio frequency compatibility– Spectral separation between M code and other

signals

• Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services operating together to provide better user capabilities than by relying on one service or signal– Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signalsPursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral

CooperationPursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral

Cooperation

21UAE 04/08

• Activity is divided among four working groups:

– Radio frequency compatibility

– Trade issues

– Technological developments and future designs

– Security issues

• Improved new civil signal (MBOC) adopted in July 2007

U.S. -- EU agreement signed in 2004 provides solid foundation for cooperation

U.S. - Europe Cooperation

June 26, 2004, press conference at U.S.-EU Summit in Ireland (U.S. Sec. of State Colin Powell, Irish Foreign Minister Brian Cowen, EU Vice-President Loyola De

Palacio)

22UAE 04/08

International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)

• Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space - July 1999– Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into

infrastructures, particularly in developing countries

– Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems

• Members include:– GNSS providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India, Japan)

– Other member states of the United Nations

– International organizations/associations

• U.S. will host next ICG in Pasadena, CA - Dec 2008

23UAE 04/08

Summary

U.S. Space-based PNT effort progressing well in policy, programs and international outreach

• Implementation of 2004 U.S. Policy proceeding well

• U.S. space-based PNT system performance continue to imimprove into the future

• International cooperation is a top U.S. priority

– Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral consultations

• New GNSS applications emergingAs new space-based GNSSs emerge,

compatibility and interoperability is the key to “success for all”

As new space-based GNSSs emerge, compatibility and interoperability is the key

to “success for all”

24UAE 04/08

Web-based Information

• PNT.gov established to provide a source for information about U.S. Space Based PNT Program including:– U.S. policy, Executive Committee membership, Advisory

Board and frequently asked questions– Announcements about Selective Availability and offer

letter to International Civil Aviation Organization – Recent public presentations

• GPS.gov established for public information about GPS applications– Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese– Brochures also available in hardcopy upon request– Links to various other Web sites

25UAE 04/08

Contact Information

Michael E. ShawDirector

U.S. National Coordination OfficeSpace-Based Positioning, Navigation and

Timing 1401 Constitution Ave, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20230-0001

Ph: (202) 482-5809Fax: (202) 482-4429

michael.shaw@pnt.gov

This presentation and other GPS information:www.pnt.gov