michel pons_existing space access for small satellites

8/10/2019 Michel Pons_Existing Space Access for Small Satellites

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Existing Space Access for small satellites

Future technical trends and possibilities

CNES, Launchers Directorate (Evry, France) M. Pons, C. Talbot

Space Economy in the Multipolar World SEMW2010

1st Internation al Con ference, Vilni us , Lith uan ia, Octo ber 6-8, 2010


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All rights reserved CNES (2010)SEMW2010

1st International Conference, Vilnius, Lithuania, October 6-8, 2010 Page 2

1 Launchers

- Existing launchers

- Some projects - quick zoom on MLA project

2 Future trends

- Market analysis

- Future opportunities


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Europe will soon operate from French Guiana a newfamily of launchers :

Ariane 5, in its last version (A5ECA) using a 14tcryogenic upper stage propelled by HM7

Soyuz, in its 1a version, will be first launched

from Guiana in 2011 Vega, the new developed rocket, will be

launched from Kourou by end 2011

This family is adapted to European institutional andcommercial needs with a complete coverage of thepayloads between small to heavy payloads.

European launchers


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5T2TLEO

Mini

10 kg

Nano Micro

500 kg100 kg

Small

3T400 kg

1.5T200 kg

200 kg

Vega+ project

20T

Medium Heavy

5T

10T

5T1.5T

Vega

1.4t SSO

MEO

GTO

Escape

A5ME, BBL & NGL projects

Ariane 5

9.5t GTO

20t ISS5t Mars

Soyuz/G

3t GTO

4.5t SSO1.5t Mars

Current European offer :

Performance ranges of Europeanlaunchers and projects in relationto satellite masses.

Very Heavy

?

Very Small

PERSEUS

Project

European launchers


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European launchersHow to launch very small sats

Ariane 5 : ASAP-A58x 120 kg (600x600x710mm)

Soyuz : ASAP-S4x


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Minotaur family (OSC) : LVderived from decommissionedballistic missiles (minutemanII, Peacekeeper), operational(M4&5 in development)

Performances :M1 500 kg LEOM2 et M3 : Target LV M4 1500kg LEO,M5: GTO compatible

Pegasus family (OSC) :operational airborne LV(ORS version : Raptor-1).Ground variant (Taurus)

Performances 200-400kg LEO (Pegasus-XL)

Falcon-1 (Space-X) : low cost launcher ?

Performance 200-400 kgLEO, and until 700 kg LEO(Falcon-1E)

Falcon-1 price < 10M$

US launchersHow to launch very small sats


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US Responsive Space

US ORS office vision

Operationally Responsive Space (USA)




Quickreach (Air LaunchLLC, FALCON program):Air launch concept

(internally carried in aC-17 globalstar) indevelopment

Performance : 400 kgLEO

Numerous projects more or lessambitious many airborne ideas.

Scorpius (Microcosm)

very low cost LV(modular and simpleconception usingadvancedtechnologies)Performance : 250 kgLEO (Sprite)

US launchers projectsHow to launch very small sats




Russia Asia, Isral, .. India

Japan : M5, Epsilon 2013 ?,1300 kg LEO

Korea, Israel : severalairborne concepts in

project

China : projects in

development ?

PSLV Core Alone1 100 kg to SSO

Several airborne projects(Air launch with Antonov,Ishim under Mig-31, etc.)

No known development

Numerousconverted Missiles

(SS18),operational :Dnepr, Rokot,Volna, Shtil ...

Existing or future projects of launchers

How to launch very small sats

April 2008 flight with 10 satellites




Airborne Launcher - initial mass function of drop conditions

(same orbit and performance obective)

10

15

20

25

30

35

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Flight Path Angle []

InitialLauncherMass[t]

Mach 0.0 (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 km)

Mach 0.8 - 10 km

Mach 0.8 - 15 km

Mach 0.8 - 20 km

Mach 2.0 - 15 km

Mach 2.0 - 20 km

Mach 3.0 - 20 km

under

Airline

planes

on-top Airline planes

Subsonic sep.

Fighter aircraft type

Supersonic sep.

Fighter Aircraft type

From Cargo Hold

Ground ref.

under

drones

balloons

Virtual planes considered

Gain on the initial mass of an airborne launcher compared

to a classical ground take off (objective 300 kg in SSO)

-25%

-30%

-35%

-40%

-45%

-55%

Pegasus

Quickreach

Dedalus

Shuttle

MLA

Ishim

interest for airborne concepts




ALD demonstratorPerformance ~ 0

MLA compact

Performance ~ 20-50 kgMLA Trimaran

Performance ~ 150 kgHorus / Falcon*Performance ~ 100-150 kg

Flex (1st stg reusable)Performance ~ 100 kg

P2-C0.6

P9-P2-C0.6 H12-P2-C0.6

2P3.8-P2-C0.6

4p0.3-P2-C0.6

Zoom on MLA concept




recent multiplication of micro satellite platformsincreasing success of the associated applications

- Numerous successful technology experiences based on microsats, forScience or Defense with gradual increase in instrument performance- Constant improvement of quality / price ratio- Rebirth of interest for constellations (Rapid eyes, Orbcomm2, numerous

project worldwide) and formation flying,

- Increasing number of operational applications accessible :

communications, intelligence gathering, early warning, space surveillance,different type of observation, etc.,- Evidence of the vulnerability of the big space systems,- Increasing interest for the Responsive Space approach in the USA and

other countries (China, etc.), which prefer small size in order to reduceglobal costs et delays, and facilitate the implementation of new

technologies

Tacsat-1 (USA, ORS)100 kg, conception &

construction for 10M$ andless than 1 year

Microsat 70-100 (SSTL, GB):more than 20 satellites ordered

(70-130 kg), now replaced by anew platform more flexible

Myriade (Astrium/TAS): more

than 15 satellites ordered (100-150 kg) et numerous projects

Market Study




Euroconsult pour la DLA du CNES Etude prospective du march mondial des petits satellites en orbite basse.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Resolution des petits satellites dobservation lancs (1996-2006) et

lancer (2007-2009) par masses

Masses des satellites (kg)

Resolution au sol (m)

1996-2006 2007-2009

Worldview 1 & 2GEOeye-1

Pleiades

Rapideye

Razaksat

(MACSAT)

Cartosat-2

Svea

Resolution of small observation satellites launched (1996-2006)and to be launched (2007-2009) by mass

Ground resolution (m)

Satellite masses (kg)

Euroconsult for CNES/DLA Prospective study of world market for small LEO satellites

Market Study




Mini / Micro sats (10-500 kg)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

# satellites

Institutionnels Non Europens

InstitutionnelsEuropens

Commercial

Acadmiques

ralis prvu

x 2

46% accessible to European services

World Market




First observations

Offer for access to space for small satellites exists worldwide (Space-XFalcon-1, Pegasus, Taurus, Minotaur, Dnepr, Rockot, Volna, Shtill, PSLVand others ), with known pros and cons.

Solutions exist in Europe too (Vega, Soyuz via ASAP), less flexible but

more economic.

The small satellites market is growing year after year but it remains smalland uncertain in Europe :

if the accessible market is 10-12 / year, the probable part for a dedicatedEuropean LV is less than 50% (3-4 for


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SEMW2010


What could create a new impulse ?

=> Potential new capacities exist with new system conceptsGEO / constellation GEO / UAV communication

split of functions in between GEO, micro-sat, ground

highly elliptical orbits possibilities

.

=> For new services which would take advantage of the specificitiesof small satellites

=> In which the need for launch may be different from the existing offer

are micro-satellites only a smaller replica of bigger satellites ?

small satellites are an enabling technology for future space systems

=> Need of a long term strategy

Future trends


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Existing launch capacities for small satellites are globally notsatisfactory

The reproduction of the existing bigger satellites at smallerscale is not enough for developing a new adapted launcherservice: many small launchers have been studied, nodevelopment has really started

Break-through innovation could be brought by thinking thewhole space system in which the micro-satellite becomesan enabling technology for new societal services, togetherwith GEO / ground systems => long term strategy to prepare

Re-thinking the global space system includes re-defining alsothe launcher functions.These two separate worlds can communicate better

Conclusions

michel pons_existing space access for small satellites

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