e-HDI MICRO HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

SHATABDI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH,AGASKHIND.

GUIDED BY- MR.GALANDE SIRPRESENTED BY- MR.MANOJ KHANDU DALVI

ABSTRACT• The national mandate set forth by the Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) to increase fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 5% each year for all new model mid-size cars, medium-duty cars, and light-duty trucks is pushing automobile makers to convert their fleets to hybrid-electric and micro-hybrid vehicles. Implementing automated start/stop (SS) technology in a passenger vehicle is a cost effective way to improve fuel economy (FE) and reduce emissions without affecting consume acceptance. In urban areas, where much of the vehicle driving time is spent idling at stop lights or in traffic, the engine can be shut down when the vehicle is stopped to save fuel. The engine is quickly and quietly restarted as the driver demands torque for acceleration.

LITERATURE REVIEW

• In response to President Obama’s May 2010 directive to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fuel consumption (FC), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are mandating an increase in fuel economy (FE) and reduction of GHG emissions by 5% each year for all new model mid-size cars, medium-duty cars, and light-duty trucks [9]. National mandates like this, along with rising fuel prices, continue to push the automotive industry to improve its corporate average fuel economy (CAFE).

INTRODUCTION

• In now days ‘’Global warming ‘’ is rapidly increasing problem which is caused due to ‘pollution’’.

• CO2 emission is mainly responsible for pollution.• Hence to reducing co2 emission the ‘’micro hybrid

technology’’ is used.• THE ‘’micro hybrid technology’’ also known as a ‘’start -stop system’’.

WHAT IS MEAN BY MICRO HYBRID TECHNOLOGY ?

• a micro-hybrid is the simplest kind of ICE-electrical technology . The main and important feature of a micro-hybrid is ‘start-stop’ function.

• start-stop system could help to reduce exhaust pipe emissions, make city quiter and boosts fuel efficiency.

• A start stop system operates by cutting the engine when vehicle comes to complete standstill.

• In this technology the vehicles can stop and start engine automatically without producing noise and vibrations.

NEED OF A MICRO HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

• IN comparison to different hybrid concepts i.e. fully hybrid pure electric vehicle which carry significant costs for returns of improvements in fuel economy, start stop technology costs relatively much less.

• It is estimated that start stop vehicles costs some money additional to conventional vehicles yielding significant improvements in fuel economy.

• Start stop technology is not only promising but also costs a fraction of what its competitor technologies do

• To sum up ,with ever increasing customer demand for eco-friendly cars,depleating oil reserves ,stringent emission regulation ,no doubt that ss technology will be a standard or even mandatory technologies for vehicles in future.

TYPE OF START-STOP SYSTEM

• 1 - Clutch operated

• 2 - Accelerator operated

CLUTCH OPERATED

MAIN COMPONENTS OF MICRO HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

1. ENGINE2. STARTER ALTERNATOR SYSTEM3. BATTERY4. E-BOOSTER

BASIC COMPONENTS OF SS SYSTEM

• Alternators are used in modern automobiles to charge the battery and to power the electrical system when its engine is running.

• Until the 1960s, automobiles used DC dynamo generators with commentators. With the availability of affordable silicon diode rectifiers, alternators were used instead. This was encouraged by the increasing electrical power required for cars in this period, with increasing loads from larger headlamps, electric wipers, heated rear windows and other accessories

STARTER ALTERNATOR SYSTEM

E-BOOSTER• Engine downsizing has become one of the main strategies to

reduce C02 emission. Turbochargers are well-adapted to this purpose but one of their biggest drawbacks is the turbo-lag which reduces the driving comfort especially during acceleration. Electrically driven compressors also known as E-compressor or E-booster could be a well-adapted solution to boost the engine intake pressure in order to reduce the turbo-lag. Since centrifugal compressors operate at high rotational speeds, high speed electric machines are therefore required. To achieve a significant reduction of the turbo-lag, a very fast response time is needed leading to the development of electric machines able to typically spin from idle to 75kRPM in less

than 300ms.

WORKINGIt consisting main 4 components these are Engine ECU starter alternator battery E-

booster when brake is applied then extra energy occurs

due to friction is stored in e-booster, and e-booster releases energy when it is needed.

it working on the principle of ‘’REGENERATIVE BREAKING’’

CONDITION FOR START STOP SYSTEM

• Engine speed in idling range.• Accelerator Pedal Not Pressed.• Clutch pedal Not Pressed.• Vehicle speed is zero.• Battery condition is healthy.• Gear box in neutral.• Bonnet remains closed

ADVANTAGES OF MICRO HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

1. Fuel consumption is reduced by up to 5% to 10% in city driving.

2. Co2 emission is reduced up to 5% to 10% in city .

3. The engine restarts in 350 millisecond.4. Noise and vibrations eliminated by this

technology.5. Implementation cost is not very high.

DISADVANTAGS OF MICRO HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

1. Fuel saving is not good as fully hybrid.2. Some vehicles functions may not run when engine

is off EX . Air conditioner . 3. Maintenance cost is high .

APPLICATIONS OF MICRO HYBRID TECHNOOGY

• 1 MAHINDRA and MAHINDRA first introduced micro hybrid technology in India in their suv like scorpio,bolero,XUV 500 etc

• 2 TATA motors introduced this technique in their lcv TATA ACE in 2009

• 3 BMW uses start stop technology in their many cars.

• 4 Fiat,Honda ,volkswagon and many other automobile companies use this technology.

DIFFRENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL IC ENGINE AND START STOP SYSTEM

Conventional IC engine

START STOP SYSTEM

FUEL CONSUMPTION Fuel consumption is more.

Fuel consumption is less.

EMISSION Emission of co2 is more.

Emission of co2 is less.

COST COST is less Implementation cost is less but maintenance cost is more.

BATTERY ONLY use for engine starting

Battery is used to start engine and provide energy for device support while in ‘’stop’’ mode.

CONCLUSION• More than 50% newly registered vehicles will

have start stop as standard technology after 2013.even though the technology is wildly utilized for small/mid segment cars in Europe .it also have high potential for compact and luxury car segment .it can be expected ,that especially micro-hybrid technology will gain increasing relevance in coming year as technological challenge are solved .

REFERANCES 1. Peugeot_stop_start_technology_media_kit/20102. Tech_Tuesdays_india_wordpress_automotive_technology_blog/20103. TSB_2008_100_NMF_00504_Scorpio_M2DI_with_Stop_St art_Mechanism.4. TSB_2010_100_NMF_00748_Bolero_PU_Micro_Hybrid_Start_Stop_mechanis5. FEV LDV EU Technology Cost Analysis Start/Stop Over view December 2011.6.http://www.hybridcars.com/types-systems/where-are-microhybrid 26042.html7. S. Schaeck et al J. Power Sources (2008), doi:10.1016 j.jpowsour. 2008.10.068. “Ford Concentrates on Control Strategies for Low-Cost Start- Stop System for Fusion.” Green Car Congress. 19 July 2012. Web.9. Schaeck, S., A. O. Stoermer, and E. Hockgeiger. “Micro- Hybrid Electric Vehicle Application of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries in Absorbent Glass Mat Technology: Testing a Partial-State-of-Charge Operation Strategy.” Journal of Power Resources (2008). Print.10. http://www.eurecar.org/EureTEchNews_Dec_2012_GB

PRESENTED BY- MR.MANOJ KHANDU DALVI

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