micro-modem reliability solution for noc communications arkadiy morgenshtein, evgeny bolotin, israel...
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MICRO-MODEMMICRO-MODEM
RELIABILITY SOLUTION FOR NOC RELIABILITY SOLUTION FOR NOC
COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
Arkadiy Morgenshtein, Evgeny Bolotin, Israel Cidon, Avinoam Kolodny, Ran Arkadiy Morgenshtein, Evgeny Bolotin, Israel Cidon, Avinoam Kolodny, Ran GinosarGinosar
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
QNoC
Research
Group
QNoC Research Group, Electrical Engineering DepartmentTechnion – Israel Institute of Technology
Haifa, Israel
22 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
OutlineOutline
•Networks-on-Chip (NoC)
•Communication Environment
•Motivation
•Micro-Modem Architecture
•Components of Micro-Modem
•Discussion
33 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Networks-on-Chip (NoC)Networks-on-Chip (NoC)
Router
Module
NoC characteristics
• Packets-based data routing
• Modules connected by routers network
• Design modularity, various QoS levels
Physical layer of NoC
• Submicron technologies
• Compact implementation
• Reliability challengesReliability challenges
44 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Router
Module
Signal Integrity & Parameter Signal Integrity & Parameter UncertaintyUncertainty
Coupling capacitances
• QoS levels are physically adjacent• Various activity factors• Various frequency and packet sizes
Device properties variations
• Nanoscale CMOS• Threshold voltage variations• Supply voltage variations
interferences
interferences
prop
agat
ion
dela
y
prop
agat
ion
dela
y
Temperature variations
• Activity and power variations in NoC• Wire delays• Noise• IR losses• Leakage
IR lossIR loss
Aggressive Aggressive EnvironmentEnvironment
!!wire
delay
wire delay
current drive
current drive
noisenoise
leakageleakage
55 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Router
Module
MotivationMotivation
Reliable data transportation
• Techniques for noise immunity• Techniques for interference immunity • Error identification and correction
interferences
interferences
prop
agat
ion
dela
y
prop
agat
ion
dela
y
IR lossIR loss
wire delay
wire delay
current drive
current drive
noisenoise
leakageleakage
Uniform Communication Interface
• Scalable• Reusable• Adaptive
• Simple• Compact• Low-power
Modem!Modem!
66 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Modem in OSI Model of NoCModem in OSI Model of NoC
Interconnect
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Router
Mo
dem
Modem
Mo
dem
Modem
77 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Micro-Modem ArchitectureMicro-Modem Architecture
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
Router
µModem
µM
odem
µModemµM
odem
Router
µModem
µM
odem
µModem
µMod
em
88 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Components of Micro-Components of Micro-ModemModem
INPUT BUFFER
• Can be embedded in the Router
• Stores the packet for further parallel processing
• Requires high-performance compact memory cells
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
99 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Components of Micro-Components of Micro-ModemModem
ERROR CORRECTION
• Implements error detection and correction
• Can be also used for restoration of bits lost - low-swing effects in low-area circuit designs - voltage drop in resistive wires - low signal integrity due to ISI, cross-talk and noise
• Has to be implemented using robust full-swing circuits
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
1010 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Components of Micro-Components of Micro-ModemModem
SYNCHRONIZATION
• Clock recovery using 8x10 encoding
• Skew reduction between clock and data: - start/stop synch series for clock initiation - ack/req signals for GALS structures
• Sequence numbers for packets ordering and detection of lost packets
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
1111 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Components of Micro-Components of Micro-ModemModem
INTERFERENCE REDUCTION
• Encoding / Processing for reduced crosstalk and ISI
• Interleaving for reduced potential differences in wires with opposite signals
A
A
A
Aint
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
1212 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Components of Micro-Components of Micro-ModemModem
PARALLEL-TO-SERIAL CONVERTER
• Core device in serial data transportation
• Has to be ultra-high speed to compensate the loss of parallelism (scaling)
• Has to be compact and low-power
• Has to be designed for various lane widths scenarios, or as a generic unit
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
1313 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Components of Micro-Components of Micro-ModemModem
MODULATION
• Low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) - Low-swing signaling - High noise and ISI immunity
• Multiplexing techniques
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
1414 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Components of Micro-Components of Micro-ModemModem
LINK INTERFACE
• Conditioning and buffering of the signal as it enters the wire
• Swing restoration
• Cascaded buffers for interconnect
• Fan-out drivers
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
1515 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Application of Micro-Modem can be function of noise and inter-system distance
Point-to-PointMid-Points
Mid-PointsEnd-to-End
TransportRange
NoiseLevel
high
longshort
low
Possible µModem application types
Application of Micro-ModemApplication of Micro-Modem
1616 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Application of Micro-ModemApplication of Micro-ModemPoint-to-Point End-to-EndMid-Point
High noise
Parallel links
High Latency
High Power
High Area
Low noise
Serial links
Low Latency
Low Power
Low Area
Medium
.
.
.
.
1717 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Preliminary DesignsPreliminary Designs
210x90um µModem Transmitter for Router
32-bit Micro-Modem in 0.25 µm technology
1818 Micro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC CommunicationsMicro-Modem – Reliability Solution for NoC Communications ICECS 2004
Questions?Questions?
InputBuffer
Error Correction
Synchronization
n
m
ISI reduction
Parallel-to-Serial Converter
Router
Modulation
Link Interface
Interconnect
Router
µModem
µM
odem
µModemµM
odem
Router
µModem
µM
odem
µModem
µMod
em