MULTIREFLECTOR LIGHT PENETRATORNEW DESIGN OF LIGHT PENETRATOR

FOR MASS PRODUCTION MICROALGAE AS THE BEST MATERIAL FOR BIOFUEL AND FEED

ByAJI SUBAKTI

SUPERIORITY OF MICROALGAE PRODUCTIVITY

The fastest growing plant in the world (Alltech 2013)

Absorb CO2 more efectively than terestrial plant

(CORDIS 2013)

Can tolerate organic polluted water (Raoul et al. 2012)

Culture it is not compete with human food production

(Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources 2008)

SUPERIORITY OF MICROALGAE AS BIOFUEL MATERIAL

Oil Production Comparison Material Litre per Hectare per YearSoybean 370Casava 1.184

Palm Oil 4.440Microalgae 14.800

Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources 2008

MICROALGAE SUPERIORITY AS FEED MATERIAL

Contain 39-71% of protein (Algae for Feed 2010)

Digestability up to 83-95% (Tefera 2009)

Adding imunity (Maryland University 2011)

Contain carotenoid & astaxhantin

(Cyanotech 2013)

Contain Omega 3 if it grow in sea water

(Adams 2009)

Mass Produced Comparison

Material Ton per Hectare per YearMicroalgae 100

Soybean 51Corn 55

Data is processed from variable resources

MICROALGAE PRODUCTIVITY AS FEED MATERIAL

NUTRITIONAL FACT COMPARISON (%)

Material Protein Carbohidrat Fat

MicroalgaeSpirulina .sp 46-70 8-14 20-45Chlorella .sp 51-58 12-17 14-22

Fish Meal 55-65 4-7 4-15Soybean 35-46 47 6,3

Corn 7-8 73 4,4

Data is processed from variable resources

Microalga is a good candidate for replacing fish meal and fish

oil as essential material for feed but unsustainable

(Henry 2012)

MICROALGAE ONLY WEAKNESS

EXPENSIVE

ALGAE POND

ALGAE POND WEAKNESS, THAT CAUSED MICROALGAE BECOME EXPENSIVE

-Acomodating microalgae growth only down to 20cm

-Environment effect is huge

-Need lot of energy for air, CO2 supply and water agitator

ALGAE POND

Sun Chlorella Corp. (Japan)

Earthrise (California, US)

Cyanotech (Hawaii, US)

ALGAEBIOREACTOR

ALGAEBIOREACTOR WEAKNESS, THAT CAUSED MICROALGAE EXPENSIVE

-Infrastructure cost is highly expensive

-Need sophisticated technology back up and well trained employee

-Need lot of energy for air, CO2 supply and water agitator

ALGABIOREAKTOR

Sapphire Energy (San Diego, US)

Valcent Product (El Paso, US)

Solix Biofuel (Colorado, US)

Production cost of microalgae based biodiesel still need significantly

reduced so it can be competitive

with other material sources (Suprihatin 2011)

MULTIREFLECTOR LIGHT PENETRATOR

MULTIREFLECTORLIGHT PENETRATOR

• Accomodating the growth of microalgae down to 2meter

• Using only aerator for air suply and water agitator, far more efficient energy

POSITION DESIGN FOR MORE MASS PRODUCED MICROALGAE

MARKET POTENTION FOR CHEAPER MICROALGAE AS BIOFUEL

•PERTAMINAPresident instruction no. 1/2006, President rules no. 5/2006.-Using Biofuel as much 5% national mix energy by 2025 -By 2010 consumption up to 2%-National demand of biofuel up to 6-7% per year

•CHEVRON3,8 billion dollar investation by year 2002 up to 2009 for renewable and energy efficiency including biofuel (Markey 2010)

MARKET POTENTION FOR CHEAPER MICROALGAE AS BIOFUEL

• EXXON MOBIL. 600 million dollar investation by year 2009 up to 2019 for microalgae research as biofuel (New York Times 2009)

• Globaly 50 microalgae development company for biofuel (34 in US) (Wikipedia 2013)

MARKET POTENTION FOR CHEAPER MICROALGAE AS BIOFUEL

• Global trend for ‘vegetarian fish’ (Le Boucher 2012, Lowe 2013)

• Salmon and trout farmers that buy krill (Euphausia) as red color and omega 3 aditive (Aquadirect 2013, Wikipedia 2013)

MARKET POTENTION FOR CHEAPER MICROALGAE AS FEED

• Egg producer with demand their eggyolk red coloured (FAO 2003)

• Egg producer with Omega 3 suplement as brand product (Pickering 2003)

• Organic product from farm and fisheries producer

MARKET POTENTION FOR CHEAPER MICROALGAE AS FEED

• Medical medicine for human especially natural astaxanthin (Capelli et al. 2013)

• Food suplement for human (Kay et al. 2009)

• Feed suplement (Fannin 2013, Ali et al. 2012)

MARKET POTENTION FOR CHEAPER MICROALGAE AS NATURAL DRUG AND SUPLEMENT

PUBLICATION POTENTION

•Green Challenge Competition, British•Television Show ‘Earth From Above’, France•Environment Magazine•Technology Magazine•Fisheries and Farming Magazine•Agrobussines Magazine

Adams, M. 2009. Superfoods for Optimum Health: Chlorella and Spirulina. Truth Publishing.Com

Algae for Feed. 2010. Microalgae Nutritional Composition. http://www.algae4feed.org/brief/microalgae-nutritional-composition/53

Ali, A., Memon, M. S. 2012. Micro Algae as Feed Suplemments For Broiler Chicks: Local Resources for Self Reliances In Production of Food and Fodder. Lambert Academy Publishing.

Alltech. 2013. Algae are the Base of the Food Chain. http://www.alltech.com/future-of-farming/algae-the-growth-platform

Aquadirect. 2013. http://aquaculturedirect.blogspot.com/2013/02/benefits-of-krill-in-salmon-feed.html

REFERENCES

Capelli, B., Keily, S., Linhart, J., Cysewsk, G. R. 2013. The Medical Research of Astaxanthin. Cyanotech Corporation. Hawaii. USA.

Community Research and Development Information Service.2013. Algae to Capture CO2. http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=EN_NEWS&ACTION=D&RCN=35593

Cyanotech. 2013. http://www.cyanotech.com/

Fannin, B. 2013. Evaluating Alage Co-Product as Potential Sources of Livestock Feed. Agri Live Research. Texas. USA.

FAO. 2003. Chapter 2. Marketing quality eggs. http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4628e/y4628e04.htm

Henry, E.C. 2012. The Use of Algae in Fish Feeds as Alternatives to Fishmeal. Aquafeed International Magazine. Vol 15. Issue 5.

Kay, R. A., Barton, L. L. 2009. Microalgae as Food and Suplemment. Taylor Francis Online.

Kementrian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral. 2008. Mikroalga Jawab Tantangan Energi Alternatif Masa Depan. http://www.esdm.go.id/berita/323-energi-baru-dan-terbarukan/3053-mikroalga-jawab-tantangan-energi-alternatif-masa-depan.html Le Boucher, R. 2012. Turning Fish Vegetarian. University of Washington. http://conservationmagazine.org/2012/10/turning-fish-vegetarian/

Lowe, K. 2013. Vegetarian feed helps fish farming become more sustainable. Norwegian University of Life Science. http://www.umb.no/frontpage/article/vegetarian-feed-helps-fish-farming-become-more-sustainable

Markey, C. E. 2010. Chevron’s Respons To Questions for the Record. US House Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming. http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/documents/20100615/Chevron.Response.to.Questions.pdf New York Times. 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/07/14/14greenwire-exxon-sinks-600m-into-algae-based-biofuels-in-33562.html.

Pickering, Jennifer. 2003. Assesment of Market Opportunities for Omega 3 Eggs. Southwest State University . Minnesota. USA.

Raoul, N. A., Al-Homaidan, A.A., Ibraheem, I. B. M. 2012. Microalgae and Wastewater Treatment. Science Direct. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X12000332 Suprihatin. 2011. Buletin Pascapanen Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. Academia.edu.http://www.academia.edu/3755045/Buletin_Pascapanen_Bioteknologi_Kelautan_dan_Perikanan_tahun_2008

Tefera, G. 2009. Spirulina the Magic Food. http://www.spirulina-benefits-health.com/spirulina_proteins.html

Wikipedia. 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algal_fuel_producers

Wikipedia. 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_(color)