microbiological quality assessment of sand from beaches in ......microbiological quality assessment...
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Microbiological quality assessment of sand from
beaches in Portuguese coast: 15 years of experience
Helena Barroso
CiiEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz
Laboratório de Microbiologia Aplicada Egas Moniz
Aida DuarteiMed, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa
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Sources ofcontamination
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Quality indicators:
Bacteria Indicators of Human Contamination
Total coliforms, Escherichia coli , Faecal Enterococci
Potential Pathogenic Bacteria
Staphylococcus spp. coagulase positive, Pseudomonasaeruginosa
Yeasts
Candida albicans
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Molds
Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium spp.,Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Mucor spp.
Scytalidium spp, Scopulariopsis spp and Dermatophites
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The analytical procedures, applied to the sand washing
solution, were adapted from reference methods used in
bacteriological analysis of recreational water.
Different selective culture media are used for the isolation
and characterization of the microorganisms.
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Microbial control of the beach sand duringbathing season
IMPORTANT
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Seca
Húmida
583 >1000
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Seca
Húmida
583 >1000583 >1000
Sum of the number of bacteria surveyed in the dry and wetarea in the samples taken during the 2001 bathing season
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Sum of the number of fungi surveyed in the dry and wetarea in the samples taken during the 2001 bathing season
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Seca
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> 60
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> 60
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� Harvests made at 3 points in the dry sand
� Microbial control should be done before the beginning of the bath season and during all summer.
� The municipalities responsible for beaches, promote the cleaning and in some cases even the disinfection of sand.
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Bacteria found in more quantity
- Total coliforms
- Faecal Enterococci
- Staphylococcus spp
- Bacillus spp
Bacteria found in small quantity
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Staphylococcus coagulase positive
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Escherichia coli Enterococos fecais Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Staphylococcus
spp coagulase +
7
103
0 0
UF
C/g
Sum of the number of bacteria surveyed in thesamples taken during the 2013 bathing season
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Given the results of mycological control, the best indicators
of pollution from the sands of the beaches are:
Filamentous fungi (Molds)
Fusarium, Aspergillus niger spp, Mucor spp, Alternaria spp
Yeasts.
Candida albicans
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Aspergillus fumigatus is almost absent
Cladosporium spp and Penicillium spp � very common
normal flora in the environment
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First years the number of isolates was higher
Actually the number of isolates is low, except in the first
sample, before treatment
It is possible to have a low contamination during all bath
season
Peaks of contamination can occur after days of rain � most
common microrganism faecal Enterococci
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UF
C/g
Amostras
Number of isolates surveyed in samples in eachbeach taken during the 2013 bathing season
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Sanitary management of beaches can play a very
important role with regard to public health.
Sanitation and disinfection done by specialist is
important to maintain a good quality of sand.
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Thank you for you attention
Sr. António Bagulho