microbiology and molecular biology reviews · 2006. 3. 18. · note to contributors bacteriological...

Note to ContributorsBacteriological Reviews is published under the auspices of the Society of

American Bacteriologists to provide authoritative, critical surveys on thecurrent status of subjects and problems in the diverse fields of microbiology.This includes the occasional short monograph.

Suggestions for timely reviews are solicited; prospective authors are in-vited to discuss with the Editor the suitability of their proposed manuscripts.The submittal of a synopsis or topical outline for an advisory opinion is recom-mended. Except for References the editorial style of Bacteriological Reviewsis essentially the same as that of the Journal of Bacteriology; contributors shouldconsult the Instructions to Authors published in each issue of the Journalfor details. If the preliminary discussions result in a prospective review, theEditor will furnish a manual that summarizes style requirements and specificdirections for preparation of manuscripts for Bacteriological Reviews. Eachcontributor should have this before preparing the final copy for submission.The following suggestions may serve as a general guide.

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finished product has been examined. Acceptance of a short monograph is alsocontingent upon the advice of the Editor of the Journal of Bacteriology.

Correspondence relating to editorial matters should be addressed to theEditor:

HENRY W. SCHERPNational Institute of Dental ResearchBethesda 14, Md.

2 BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

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BACTERIOLOGICALREVIEWS

VOLUME 22

BALTIMORE, MD.1958

CONTENTSNo. 1, MARCH

The Significance of Marine Microbiology. E. J. FERGUSON WOOD.................... 1Tissue Culture Nutrition. JOSEPH F. MORGAN. 20The Extracellular Polysaccharides of Bacteria. J. F. WILKINSON ................... 46

No. 2, JUNEMicrobial Metabolism of Oxalic Acid. WILLIAM B. JAEOBY AND J. V. BHAT.......... 75The Nutrition of Brucellae. PHILIPP GERHARDT.................................... 81Photoreactivation. JOHN JAGGER.................................................. 99

No. 3, SEPTEMBEREvan Pugh-Forgotten Man of Biological Nitrogen Fixation. PERRY W. WILSON.... 143Soil Bacteria and Growth-Promoting Substances. A. G. LOCHHEAD................. 145Interrelations between Microorganisms and Plant Roots in the Rhizosphere. ROBERT

L. STARKEY.................................................................... 154The Altered Reactivity of Mice after Inoculation with Bordetella pertussis Vaccine.

LEON S. KIND.................................................................. 173Immunizing Constituents of the Tubercle Bacillus. ALFRED J. CROWLE............. 183Microbiological Literacy. R. E. BUCHANAN........................................ 204

No. 4, DECEMBER

Animal Cells and Microbiology. HARRY EAGLE.................................... 217Cellular Aspects of the Cell-Virus Relationship. W. WILBUR ACKERMANN............ 223Tuberculosis of Fish. THOMAS J. PARISOT.......................................... 240Quantitative Studies of Complement Fixation. ABRAHAM G. OSLER................ 246Index of Authors (1947-1958) ....................................................... 5Index of Subjects (1947-1958)....................................................... 9Contents of Volumes 11-22......................................................... 23

iii


Index and ContentsVOLUMES 11 THROUGH 22

19.47-7958

FOREWORD'

Recently, a commentator on a book that con- major categories, rather than a detailed listing ofsisted essentially of a series of reviews wrote: "A entries within each major topic. Individualbibliography of all the work referred to would genera and species are listed only when theyhave been much more useful to the reader than appear as actual subjects, not when they are men-the rather pointless index in a book of this kind." tioned only incidentally as illustrations or ex-(Dick, W. E., Nature, 182, 144, 1958). Since the amples.articles in Bacteriological Reviews provide just It may be of interest to determine what thesuch a service, perhaps a periodical index for this results are when compared with a correspondingjournal is likewise rather pointless. The Publica- index of the Journal of Bacteriology for which, oftion Board of the Society, however, took a dim course, more detailed listing is necessary. Theview of such reasoning and suggested that the indexes for volumes 74, 75, and 76 of the Journalpast Editor of Bacteriological Reviews might cover a total of 440 articles averaging 5.3 pagesappropriately terminate his services by prepara- each; the listing averaged about 70 items per 100tion of a conventional index. By the time this pages of text. The corresponding data for the Re-decision had been made, volume 20 had already views are: the 12 volumes published 150 contribu-appeared, and since 11 is an awkward number, it tions of approximately 20 pages each (Volumeswas decided to cover a 12 year period and include 11-17 corrected to correspond to the present twothe index without additional charge in volume column format); between 900 to 1000 items are22. Twelve, of course, enjoys a high degree of included in this index-an average of about 30respectability in Anglo-Saxon culture-compar- per 100 pages.able to that of the decimal system. Two additional comments should be made.

Obviously, the categories selected for inclusion First, the compilers are responsible for choice ofin the SuIject Index will reflect the opinion, prej- listings made with one exception: a certain class ofudice, and ignorance of the compiler. The philos- items did not fit into any of the categories, andophy (if such a large word is applicable to such a we hesitated to consign them to the unimagina-smallmatter)fd by te p indexers tive Miscellaneous. Since most of these came from

small mestatter) followauedb thet aperesen con-presidential addresses, we decided to consult Dr.may be stated: It is assumed a persn con- P. F. Clark's definitive analysis of such materialssuiting a review Journalas usually seeking a gen (Bacteriol. Revs., 17, 213-247, 1953). Obviously,eral discussion of background material or simply we could not improve on his designation of:a list of recent references on a fairly broad sub- Philosophy, Legend, and Fantasy; they are soject. Hence, particular attention has been given to listed. Second, for the convenience of the readercross listings and cross-references among the we have included the cumulative table of con-

tents for the 12 year period. In these, presidentialThe index for volumes 1-10, which was prepared adrsehvebnmrkdwtanseikadby L. S. McClung and Jewell Maurice, appeared addresses with a agger frtin Bacteriol. Revs., 10, 89-106, 1946. Eli Lilly Award addresses with a dagger for the

1 This index and contents for volumes 11 through benefit of those who are interested in specialties of22 were compiled by Dorothy Gosting and P. W. this sort.Wilson, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis- D. G.consin. P. W. W.

3

AUTHOR INDEX* Indicates summary of symposium, not a review

Ackermann, W. W., 1958, 22, 223-239 Dack, G. M., 1953, 17, 249-252Adelberg, E. A., 1953, 17, 253-267 , 1955, 19, 275-276*Aji, S. J., 1951, 15, 211-244 Davis, J. B., 1954, 18, 215-238-, 1955, 19, 263-265* , 1956, 20, 261-264*Alexander, M., 1956, 20, 67-93 Dienes, L., 1951, 15, 245-288Allen, E. K., 1950, 14, 273-330 Dubos, R. J., 1948, 12, 173-194Allen, M. B., 1953, 17, 125-173 , 1952, 16, 145-151Allen, 0. N., 1950, 14, 273-330 Dufrenoy, J., 1948, 12, 79-103Appleman, M. D., 1957, 21, 241-244*Arnstein, H. R. V., 1956, 20, 133-147 Eagle, H., 1958, 22, 217-222Austrian, R., 1952, 16, 31-50 Eddy, B. P., 1953, 17, 93-107Aycock, W. L., 1950, 14, 115-160 Edson, N. L., 1951, 15, 147-182

Engley, F. B., Jr., 1952, 16, 153-178Bartholomew, J. W., 1952, 16, 1-29 Evans, E. A., Jr., 1950, 14, 210-218Bellamy, W. D., 1955, 19, 23-26-, 1955, 19, 266-269* Finlay, A. C., 1952, 16, 51-67Benham, R. W., 1956, 20, 189-201 Finn, R. K., 1954, 18, 254-274Bernheimer, A. W., 1948, 12, 195-202 Flannery, W. L., 1956, 20, 49-66Bhat, J. V., 1958, 22, 75-80 Fogg, G. E., 1956, 20, 148-165Blackwood, A. C., 1955, 19, 280-283* Foster, J. W., 1947, 11, 167-188Bliss, C. I., 1956, 20, 243-258 Fothergill, L. D., 1957, 21, 249-250*Boyd, T. E., 1953, 17, 339-448 Francis, T., Jr., 1947, 11, 147-156Branham, S. E., 1953, 17, 175-188 Friedemann, U., 1947, 11, 275-302Braun, W., 1947, 11, 75-114Breed, R. S., 1954, 18, 165-169 Gaughran, E. R. L., 1947, 11, 189-225-, 1955, 19, 270-271* Gavin, J. J., 1956, 20, 265-267*Briody, B. A., 1950, 14, 65-95 Gerhardt, P., 1958, 22, 81-98Brown, G. C., 1957, 21, 245-248* Gest, H., 1951, 15, 183-210Buchanan, R. E., 1958, 22, 204-215 , 1954, 18, 43-73Burris, R. H., 1947, 11, 41-73 Glassman, H. N., 1948, 12, 105-148

Gottlieb, S., 1951, 15, 55-76Campbell, A., 1957, 21, 263-272 Grant, P. T., 1956, 20, 133-147Church, B., 1957, 21, 112-131 Grubb, T. C., 1957, 21, 251-254*Clark, F. E., 1955, 19, 273* Gunsalus, I. C., 1955, 19, 79-128Clark, P. F., 1949, 13, 99-101; 122-134-, 1953, 17, 213-247 Halvorson, Halvor Orin, 1955, 19, 217-221Clark, W. M., 1952, 16, 205-209 Halvorson, Harlyn Odell, 1957, 21, 112-131-, 1955, 19, 234-235 Hammon, W. McD., 1949, 13, 135-159Cleveland, E. M. D., 1955, 19, 272* Hanson, R. P., 1952, 16, 179-204Cohen, G. N., 1957, 21, 169-194 Harold, R., 1955, 19, 49-64Cohen, S. S., 1949, 13, 1-24 Hartsell, S. E., 1955, 19, 280-283**-, 1951, 15, 131-146 Haskins, R. H., 1955, 19, 280-283*Cohn, M., 1957, 21, 140-168 Haynes, W. C., 1955, 19, 280283*Collier, L. H., 1954, 18, 74-86 Heckly, R. J., 1955, 19, 280-283*Conn, H. J., 1948, 12, 257-273 Hendlin, D., 1952, 16, 241-246-, 1948, 12, 275-296 Hesseltine, C. W., 1955, 19, 280-283*Cooper, P. D., 1956, 20, 28-48 Hildebrandt, A. C., 1950, 14, 259-272Cope, E., 1956, 20, 259-260* Hirschberg, E., 1955, 19, 65-78Couch, J. N., 1955, 19, 272* Hobby, G. L., 1953, 17, 29-37Cox, H. R., 1954, 18, 239-253 Horecker, B. L., 1955, 19, 79-128Crowle, A. J., 1958, 22, 183-203 Horsfall, F. L., Jr., 1950, 14, 219-224Curran, H. R., 1952, 16, 111-117 Huebner, R. J., 1950, 14, 245-248

5

6 AUTHOR INDEX [VOL. 22

Hugo, W. B., 1954, 18, 87-105 Nielands, J. B., 1957, 21, 101-111Hungate, R. E., 1950, 14, 1-49 Nieman, C., 1954, 18, 147-163-, 1955, 19, 277-279* Nisman, B., 1954, 18, 16-42Hutner, S. H., 1955, 19, 280-283* Niven, C. F., Jr., 1952, 16, 247-254

Novelli, G. D., 1957, 21, 255-256*Ingram, M., 1953, 17, 93-107 Nungester, W. J., 1951, 15, 105-129

Jagger, J., 1958, 22, 99-142 Oginsky, E. L., 1953, 17, 37-41Jakoby, W. B., 1958, 22, 75-80 Olitzki, L., 1948, 12, 149-172Jensen, H. L., 1954, 18, 195-214 Osler, A. G., 1958, 22, 246-266Johansson, K. R., 1949, 13, 25-45

Parisot, T. J., 1958, 22, 240-245Kabat, E. A., 1949, 13, 189-202 Pederson, C. S., 1949, 13, 225-232Kamen, M. D., 1955, 19, 250-262 -, 1952, 16, 228-235Kaplan, N. O., 1955, 19, 235-250 -, 1956, 20, 274-278*Kelner, A., 1955, 19, 22-23 Pelczar, M. J., Jr., 1951, 15, 55-76Kind, L. S., 1958, 22, 173-182 Perlman, D., 1955, 19, 280 283*Klieneberger-Nobel, E., 1951, 15, 77-103 Peters, D., 1955, 19, 150-159Klumpp, M. N., 1955, 19, 280-283* Philip, C. B., 1955, 19, 271*Knaysi, G., 1948, 12, 19-77 Phillips, C. R., 1952, 16, 135-138-, 1952, 16, 93-101 Pinkerton, H., 1949, 13, 112-117Koffler, H., 1948, 12, 297-311 Pittman, M., 1955, 19, 273*

, 1957, 21, 227-240 Pratt, R., 1948, 12, 79-103-, 1953, 17, 41-45

Lamanna, C., 1952, 16, 90-93 Price, W. H., 1949, 13, 118-122, 1955, 19, 45-47 Pringsheim, E. G., 1949, 13, 47-98; 1950, 14, 97

-, 1957, 21, 30-45 (correction to 1949 paper)Lampen, J. O., 1952, 16, 211-225 -, 1957, 21, 69-81Lederberg, J., 1957, 21, 133-139 Provasoli, L., 1955, 19, 280-283*Lennette, E. H., 1950, 14, 249-258Lessel, E, F., Jr., 1954, 18, 165-169 Quastel, J. H., 1951, 15, 1-53Levine, M., 1952, 16, 117-125Lichtenstein, H., 1952, 16, 126-135 Reynolds, H., 1952, 16, 126-135Liggett, R. W., 1948, 12, 297-311 Robinow, C. F., 1956, 20, 207-242Lipmann, F., 1953, 17, 1-16 Routien, J. B., 1952, 16, 51-67Lochhead, A. G., 1958, 22, 145-153Luria, S. E., 1947, 11, 1-40 Sabin, A. B., 1950, 14, 225-232Lwoff, A., 1953, 17, 269-337 Salton, M. R. J., 1957, 21, 82-100

Santer, M., 1957, 21, 195-213Madin, S. H., 1955, 19, 6-19 Sarles, W. B., 1949, 13, 25-45McBee, R. H., 1950, 14, 51-63 Saudek, E. C., 1956, 20, 279-281*-, 1955, 19, 45-47 Scherr, G. H., 1953, 17, 51-92McClung, L. S., 1949, 13, 111-112 Schmidt, C. F., 1952, 16, 110McElroy, W. D., 1954, 18, 177-194 Schneider, H. A., 1949, 13, 101-105Melnick, J. L., 1950, 14, 233-244 Scholefield, P. G., 1951, 15, 1-53Mittwer, T., 1952, 16, 1-29 Seeliger, H., 1955, 19, 272*Monod, J., 1957, 21, 169-194 Sigurdsson, B., 1956, 20, 1-13Morgan, J. F., 1958, 22, 20-45 Skarnes, R. C., 1957, 21, 273-294Morse, E. V., 1955, 19, 272* Skeggs, H. R., 1955, 19, 280-283*Moulder, J. W., 1954, 18, 170-176 -, 1957, 21, 257-258*Mudd, S., 1956, 20, 268-271* Skerman, V. B. D., 1949, 13, 175-188Mueller, J. H., 1950, 14, 115-160 Skinner, C. E., 1947, 11, 227-274

Smadel, J. E., 1950, 14, 195-200Nakamura, M., 1953, 17, 189-212 Smith, G. N., 1953, 17, 19-29Nellis, L., 1955, 19, 271* Smith, L., 1954, 18, 106-130Neter, E., 1956, 20, 166-188 Smith, L. DeS., 1949, 13, 233-254-, 1956, 20, 272-273* Snell, E. E., 1952, 16, 235-241Newton, B. A., 1956, 20, 14-27 Stallings, J. H., 1954, 18, 131-146

1958] AUTHOR INDEX 7

Stanier, R. Y., 1950, 14, 179-191 Warren, J., 1950, 14, 200-209-, 1955, 19, 49-64 Watson, D. W., 1957, 21, 273-294Stapleton, G. E., 1955, 19, 26-32 Weaver, R. H., 1953, 17, 51-92Starkey, R. L., 1958, 22, 154-171 Weeks, 0. B., 1955, 19, 45-47Starr, M. P., 1955, 19, 273* Weinberg, E. D., 1957, 21, 46-68Stavitsky, A. B., 1948, 12, 203-255 Weinberger, H. J., 1951, 15, 245-288Stearman, R. L., 1955, 19, 160-215 Wentworth, B. B., 1955, 19, 129-149Steinhaus, E. A., 1949, 13, 203-223 Wexler, I. B., 1952, 16, 69-87Strehler, B. L., 1954, 18, 177-194 Whitehead, H. R., 1953, 17, 109-123Stuart, C. A., 1956, 20, 203-206 Wickerham, L. J., 1955, 19, 280-283*Sugiyama, H., 1952, 16, 125-126 Wiener, A. S., 1952, 16, 69-87Suter, E., 1956, 20, 94-132 Wigand, R., 1955, 19, 150-159

Wilkinson, J. F., 1958, 22, 46-73Taliaferro, W. H., 1948, 12, 1-17 Williams, 0. B., 1952, 16, 89-90Tarr, H. L. A., 1954, 18, 1-15 Williams, R. P., 1956, 20, 282-284*Thompson, W. R., 1947, 11, 115-145 Wilson, P. W., 1947, 11, 41-73Tittsler, R. P., 1952, 16, 227-228 , 1957, 21, 215-226Trager, W., 1949, 13, 105-110 1958, 22, 143-144Traum, J., 1955, 19, 6-19 Winslow, C.-E. A., 1950, 14, 99-114

Wood, E. J. F., 1958, 22, 1-19Umbreit, W. W., 1947, 11, 157-166 Wood, W. A., 1955, 19, 79-128Updegraff, D. M., 1954, 18, 215-238 , 1955, 19, 222-233

1956, 20, 285-288*van Niel, C. B., 1949, 13, 161-174 Woodbine, M., 1950, 14, 161-178-,1955,19,15 ~~~~~Wynne, E. 5., 1952, 16, 101-110

Vishniac, W., 1957, 21, 195-213 , 1957, 21, 259-262*Wyss, O., 1953, 17, 17-19

Waksman, S. A., 1957, 21, 1-29Walter, W. G., 1955, 19, 284-287* Zelle, M. R., 1955, 19, 32-41

SUBJECT INDEX* Indicates summary of symposium, not a review

Ablastin, 1948, 12, 10-14 -, mode of action of, 1953, 17, 17-49Acetyl transfer reactions, biological, 1953, 17, produced in soil, 1954, 18, 131-146

1-10 , resistance to, origin of, 1947, 11, 4-7, 14Actinomycetales, factors governing distribution in , see also polymyxins, penicillin

soil, 1952, 16, 57-61 Antibodies against spirochetoses, 1948, 12, 227-

, screening for antibiotic production, 1952, 16, 232, 234-23862-64 - virus diseases in man, 1947, 11, 147-156

-, species concept in, 1957, 21, 1-29 , detection of, by hemagglutination, 1956, 20,, taxonomy of, 1955, 19, 271-272; 1956, 20, 277*; 175

1957, 21, 6-7 , effect on reproduction of parasites in vivo,, see also soil, production of antibiotics in 1948, 12, 1-17

Actinoplanaceae, taxonomy of, 1955, 19, 272* Antibody, antiviral, reaction of, with cell-virusAdaptation, simultaneous, 1950, 14, 181-190 complex, 1958, 22, 225- see also mutation and selection; enzymes, , normal, 1957, 21, 274-276, 278-279

induced synthesis of Antigen-antibody reaction, adhesion of extrane-Adhesion, serological, 1957, 21, 30-45 ous particles in, 1957, 21, 30-45Aeration of fluid cultures, 1954, 18, 254-274 -- -, complement fixation in the study of,

Aerobacter aerogenes, hydrogen metabolism of, 1958, 22, 246-2661954, 18, 52-64 Antigens, bacterial, detection and measurement of

Aerobiosis, definition of, 1955, 19, 45-47 by hemagglutination, 1956, 20, 167-168, 170-Aerosols, microbial, in study of air-borne diseases, 179, 181-182

1957, 21, 249-250* -, blood group, 1949, 13, 189-202; 1952, 16, 69-87Aerosporin, see polymyxins , capsular, 1958, 22, 52-58, 68Agrobacterium rhizogenes, 1950, 14, 260-261 of the tubercle bacillus, 1948, 12, 181-187- tumefaciens, 1950, 14, 260-263 Antimicrobial agents, effects of metallic cationsAlexin, see complement on, 1957, 21, 46-68Algae, blue-green, see Myxophyceae - -, see also fatty acids; antibiotics; disinfection;Allergy in tuberculosis, 1948, 12, 181-182 chemotherapyAmino acids, accumulation and transport of, 1957, - factors in the normal animal, 1957, 21, 273-294

21, 183-187 Arthrobacter ureafaciens comb. nov., see Coryne-, anaerobic deamination of, 1954, 18, 16-42 bacterium ureafaciens, effect of excreted, on microorganisms in the Ascorbic acid, relation of, to bacterial metabolism,rhizosphere, 1958, 22, 160-161 1953, 17, 93-107

- , metabolism of, 1956, 20, 285-288* Assays, microbiological, calculation of, 1956, 20,- required by animal tissue cultures, 1958, 22, 243-258

23-26, 218-219 -, -, fatty acids in, 1954, 18, 159-160p-Aminosalicylic acid, antitubercular action, ef- ,-, preparation of samples, 1957, 21, 257-258*

fect of metallic cations on, 1957, 21, 57-58 -, , use of lactic acid bacteria in, 1952, 16,Amylobacter navicula, 1950, 14, 39; 41 241-246Anaerobiosis, definition of, 1955, 19, 45-47 Athiorhodaceae, 1951, 15, 184-204Analytical microbiology, 1956, 20, 265-267* , hydrogen metabolism of, 1951, 15, 198-204Anaphylaxis, increased sensitivity to, in mice, , nitrogen fixation by, 1951, 15, 198-204

after Bordetella pertussis vaccination, 1958, , see also photosynthetic bacteria22, 176-177 Aureomycin, see tetracyclines

Anatomical factors in resistance to infection, 1951, Autotrophic bacteria, 1947, 11, 157-16615, 106-109 - hydrogen metabolism of 1954 18 44-46

Antibacterial agents, metabolic effects on the - -, hyd n metabolis o 1 1mycobacteria, 1951, 15, 175-176 -vr, see also Thlobaclli,

Antibiotics against rickettsial diseases, 1950, 14, Avery, Oswald T., lecture in honor of, 1948, 12,253-255 173-194

- in control of diseases of plants, 1954, 18, 133-138 Azotobacter, 1954, 18, 195-206, 208-209, methods in searching for, 1952, 16, 51-67 -, hydrogenase of, 1947, 11, 52-53; 1954, 18, 65-67

9

10 SUBJECT INDEX [VOL. 22

- indicum, taxonomic position of, 1954, 18, 206- Body fluids, role of, in resistance to infection,207 1951, 15, 111-114

Azotobacteriaceae, 1954, 18, 195-214 Bordetella Moreno-Lopez (1952), 1955, 19, 273*Azotomonas, genus (sensu Stapp), 1954, 18, 207-208 - pertussis vaccine, nonspecific effects of in mice,

1958, 22, 173-182Bacilli, aerobic, biochemistry of endospores, 1957, Borrelia, 1948, 12, 203-255

21, 112-131 Brettanomyces, 1947, 11, 260-262Bacillus aerosporus, see Bacillus polymyxa Brucella abortus, dissociation of, 1947, 11, 86-95- cellulosae dissolvens, 1950, 14, 38-39 Brucellae, nutrition of, 1958, 22, 81-98- cereus, classification of variants of, 1956, 20,

275-276* Cancer research, contributions of microbiology- circulans, thermophilic variants of, 1953, 17, to, 1955, 19, 65-78

140-142 Candida, 1947, 11, 229-260- coagulans, 1953, 17, 133-143 albicans, description of, 1947, 11, 241-242- mycoides, similarity in appearance to Sphaero- - , immunity against, 1947, 11, 257-260

tilus, 1957, 21, 75; 81 - infections, 1947, 11, 248-257- omelianskii, 1950, 14, 39; 41 -flareri, description of, 1947, 11, 243- polymyxa, as source of polymyxins, 1956, 20, - humicola, description of, 1947, 11, 244-245

14-15 krusei, description of, 1947, 11, 242-243- sphaericus, thermophiles resembling, 1953, 17, -parakrusei, description of, 1947, 11, 244

134-143 pulcherrima, description of, 1947, 11, 245-246-stearothermophilus, 1953, 17, 133-143 - tropicalis, description of, 1947, 11, 243-244- subtilis, thermophiles resembling, 1953, 17, Capsules, bacterial, 1958, 22, 46-73

133-143 Carbohydrate metabolism of endospore extracts,Bacteria, filterable forms of, 1951, 15, 77-103 1957, 21, 120-123

, identification of, 1949, 13, 175-188 (Skerman's Carbohydrates, metabolism of, hexose diphos-key) phate pathway in, 1955, 19, 81-90

Bacteriocins, 1953, 17, 298-300 ,- , monophosphate pathway in, 1955,Bacteriology, history of, see microbiology, history 19, 98-101, 229-231

of , -, in animal tissue cultures, 1958, 22, 26-27-, role of precedent in, 1956, 20, 203-206 , -, Escherichia coli, 1951, 15, 141-146Bacteriophage, effects of, on the host cell, 1949, -, - -, - molds, 1947, 11, 179-187

13, 5-11 , -, - mycobacteria, 1951, 15, 161-169-, growth requirements of, 1949, 13, 1-24 -,- -, - Pseudomonas fluorescens, 1955, 19,-, in cheese manufacture, 1953, 17, 109-123 222-233

of rhizobia, 1950, 14, 287-296 -,- -, the penicillia, 1956, 20, 139, relation of, to bacterial genes, 1957, 21, 135-138 -,-- - various microorganisms, 1955, 19,, reproduction of, 1950, 14, 210-218; 1951, 15, 79-128131-146 , , nonphosphorylated pathways in, 1955,

*, resistance to, associated changes, 1947, 11, 19, 101-1028-9, 12-13 -, -, see also fermentation; oxidations, bac-

-,--, origin of, 1947, 11, 4-7, 14-16, 17 terial; metabolic shunts*, see also lysogeny Carbon dioxide, fixation of, by the penicillia, 1956,Bacteroides succinogenes n. sp., 1950, 14, 8-14 20, 139Bartonellaceae, 1955, 19, 150-159 Caryophanon latum, 1957, 21, 75"Beer sickness," agent of, 1949, 13, 225-232 -, taxonomic position of, 1949, 13, 72-74Beggiatoa alba, 1957, 21, 74, 81 Cell division, synchronization of, 1957, 21, 263--, taxonomic position of, 1949, 13, 58, 63-67 272Beijerinck, M. W., 1949, 13, 163-165 - membrane, effect of polymyxins on, 1956, 20,Beijerinckia, see Azotobacter indicum 15-25Beta-lysins, 1957, 21, 280-282 - , microbial, disruption of, 1954, 18, 89-101Bioassays, see microbial assays - wall, bacterial, as site of action of lysozyme,Biochemical genetics, 1947, 11, 7-12 1957, 21, 88-94Bioluminescence, 1954, 18, 177-194 - -, -, composition, 1957, 21, 90-92Biosynthesis, study of, in metabolically blocked Cellulose, mesophilic decomposition of, 1950, 14,

organisms, 1953, 17, 253-267 1-49Blood group substances, see antigens, blood group , thermophilic decomposition of, 1947, 11, 193;Bluetongue, 1954, 18, 239-253 1950, 14, 51-63

1958] SUBJECT INDEX 11

Cheese making, bacteriophage in, 1953, 17, 109- Cryptococcus (genus), 1956, 20, 189-201123 Culture media, use of corn steep liquor in, 1948'

Chelate formation by antimicrobial compounds, 12, 297-3111957, 21, 46-68 Cultures, mass, preparation of, 1954, 18, 88-89

Chemotherapy of cancer, contributions of micro- -, microbial, maintenance of, 1955, 19, 280-283*biology to, 1955, 19, 66-69 Cyanophyceae, see Myxophyceae

- erysipelas, 1950, 14, 169-171 Cytochemistry, 1956, 20, 268-271*- rickettsial diseases, 1950, 14, 253-255 -, see also enzymes, localization of; chromatin

Chick embryo yolk sac, growth of feline pneu- bodies of bacteria; penicillin, mechanism ofmonitis virus in, 1954, 18, 170-176 action

Chicken pox, infection and immunity in, 1947, 11, Cytochromes, bacterial, 1954, 18, 106-130150-152 - in Thiobacillus thiooxidans, 1947, 11, 160

Chlamydobacteriaceae, taxonomic position of, 1949, -, see also electron transport13, 77-78 Cytology of endospore formation, 1948, 12, 26-39,

Chloromycetin, mode of action of, 1953, 17, 19-29 45-49; 1952, 16, 93-101-, see also antibiotics --- germination, 1948, 12, 39-45Chromatin bodies of bacteria, 1956, 20, 207-242 - - the bacterial endospore, 1948, 12, 20-26Clostridium, deamination by, 1954, 18, 16-42 --- formation of root nodule by the rhizobia,

, hydrogen metabolism of, 1954, 18, 46-49 1950, 14, 297-308in gas gangrene, 1949, 13, 233-254 --- rhizobia, 1950, 14, 274-276

Coenzyme A, chemistry and function, 1953, 17, - - Thiobacillus thiooxidans, 1947, 11, 1591-16 -, see also chromatin bodies of bacteria; enzymes,

Cohen, Barnett, (obit.), 1952, 16, 205-209 localization of, symposium in honor of, 1955, 19, 234-262 Cytoplasmic inheritance, 1947, 11, 21-22

Colicins, 1953, 17, 298-300Coliforms, estimation of, in water analysis, 1956, Dauermodifikationen, 1947, 11, 80, 82-83

20, 259-260* "Delft School," 1949, 13, 161-174Comparative biochemistry, definition of, 1947, Dengue fever, virus of, 1950, 14, 225-232

11, 158-159 Deoxyribonucleic acid, as photoreactivable site,, development of, 1949, 13, 166-172 1958, 22, 123-126

- in relation to metabolism of molds, 1947, - , in bacterial endospores, 1957, 21, 116-11711, 179-187 - , synthesis during growth cycle, 1957, 21,- of animal tissue cultures, 1958, 22, 217-222 268-270-- biological nitrogen fixation, 1947, 11, - -, - in viruses, 1949, 13, 8-13; 1950, 14, 210-64-65 218; 1951, 15, 131-136

Complement, 1957, 21, 273-274 Detergents, see surface active agents-fixation, bioassay in, 1947, 11, 118-120 Dictyostelium discoideum, morphogenesis in, 1955,

-, quantitative, 1958, 22, 246-266 19, 70-73necessity for, in serological adhesion, 1957, 21, Differentiation, cellular, 1955, 19, 69-7434-36 Dimorphism in yeasts, 1953, 17, 51-92

Conn, Herbert William, 1948, 12, 275-296 Diphtherial toxin, see toxin, diphtherialConservatism, radicalism and, in science, 1955, Dipicolinic acid in endospores, 1957, 21, 115-117

19, 1-5 Diplococcus glycinophilus, hydrogen metabolismCorn steep liquor, use of, in culture media, 1948, of, 1954, 18, 50

12, 297-311 Disinfection, comparison of vegetative cells andCorrosion, bacterial, of iron and steel, 1954, 18, endospores with respect to, 1952, 16, 135-138

225-229 -, use of endospores in the study of, 1952, 16,Corynebacteriaceae, taxonomy of, 1955, 19, 272- 117-125

273* Dissociation, 1947, 11, 12, 28, 75-114Corynebacterium ureafaciens, 1955, 19, 273* - in the rhizobia, 1950, 14, 283-284Counting of bacteria, application of statistics to, -, see also mutation

1955, 19, 206-207 Dysentery, bacillary, toxins in, 1952, 16, 153-160Coxiella burnetii, 1955, 19, 129-149Coxsackie group of viruses, 1950, 14, 233-244 Eating utensils, bacteriological examination of,Crypticity of cells toward substrates, 1957, 21, 1955, 19, 284-287*

169-171, 176-178 Electron transport by bacterial heme proteins,Cryptococcaceae, 1956, 20, 189-191 1955, 19, 250-262-, taxonomic position, 1947, 11, 228-229 - - in bioluminescence, 1954, 18, 180-187


--- pyridine nucleotide and flavin systems, -, inhibition of, by multivalent ions of antimi-1955, 19, 235-250 crobial compounds, 1957, 21, 47-49, 53-55- - the metabolism of microorganisms, 1955, involved in Stickland reaction, 1954, 18, 16-4219, 234-262 , localization of, 1956, 20, 67-93; 1957, 21, 255-

-, location of, in the cell, 1956, 20, 76-77 256*Embden-Meyerhof pathway, in bacterial fermen- of bacterial endospores, 1957, 21, 117-127

tations, 1955, 19, 89-90, 229 - carbohydrate metabolism in microorganisms,Emulsifying agents, see surface active agents 1955, 19, 79-128, 234-262Encephalitis, acute, infection and immunity in, - hydrogen metabolism, 1954, 18, 43-73

1947, 11, 152 - nucleic acid metabolism, 1952, 16, 214-220Encephalomyelitis, equine, mechanisms of im- , respiratory, effect of penicillin on, 1948, 12,

munity in, 1947, 11, 291-295 87-90Encephalomyocarditis group of viruses, 1950, 14, -, , see also cytochromes

233-244 -, simultaneous adaptation of, 1950, 14, 179-191Endamoeba histolytica, nutrition and physiology Eperythrozoon coccoides, see Bartonellaceae

of, 1953, 17, 189-212 Epidemics, relation of dissociation to, 1947, 11,Endospore, bacterial, 1948, 12, 19-77; 1952, 16, 99-101

89-143 Epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis, 1950,, antigenic structure, 1948, 12, 49-50 14, 115-160, biological nature of, 1948, 12, 45-49; 1952, Epizootiology of bluetongue, 1954, 18, 239-243

16, 90-93 - vesicular exanthema, 1955, 19, 7-10, 15-18-, , chemical composition of, 1948, 12, 49; 1957, --- stomatitis, 1952, 16, 181-190, 198-201

21, 115-117 Erysipelas, swine, 1950, 14, 161-178,-, cytology of, 1948, 12, 20-45; 1952, 16, 93- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 1950, 14, 161-178

101 Erythrocytes, adhesion to microbial cells in pres--, , formation, 1948, 12, 26-39, 45-49; 1952, 16, ence of antimicrobial serum, 1957, 21, 31-32,

93-104, 110 36-38-, -, influence of environment on, 1948, 12, -, agglutination of, see hemagglutination50-63; 1952, 16, 101-104, 110 , effects of surface active agents on, 1948, 12,

,-, germination, 1948, 12, 39-45; 1952, 16, 122-123104-110; 1957, 21, 112-131, 259-262* Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic, see Enterobac--, -, influence of environment on, 1948, 12, teriaceae, medical significance of63-70; 1952, 16, 104-110 --, genetic recombination, 1947, 11, 25-26

, heat resistance, 1947, 11, 198, 202; 1948, - , hydrogen metabolism of, 1954, 18, 52-6412, 20; 1952, 16, 111-117, 125-135 -, induced synthesis of enzymes in, 1957, 21,

-, , resistance to deleterious agents, 1948, 12, 140-168, 175-17920; 1952, 16, 111-125, 135-138 --, nutritionally deficient mutants, 1947, 11, 8-9

Endospores of aerobic bacilli, biochemistry of, - , phage resistance, 1947, 11, 5-6, 8-9, 13-16, 171957, 21, 112-131 - -, type transformation, 1947, 11, 23-24

Energy transfer in biological systems, 1947, 11, - , virus-infected, nucleic acid synthesis by,161-164 1951, 15, 132-144

Enterobacteriaceae, medical significance of, 1956, Excretion by plant roots, effect on microorgan-20, 272-273* isms in the rhizosphere, 1958, 22, 159-161

Enzymes, cell-free, preparation of from micro-organisms, 1954, 18, 87-105 Fatty acids, effect of, on microbial growth, 1954,

, coenzyme A linked, 1953, 17, 1-16 18, 147-163-, effects of surface active agents on, 1948, 12, Fermentation, agitation-aeration in industrial,

121-122 1954, 18, 254-274in bioluminescence, 1954, 18, 182-187 - by lactic acid bacteria, 1952, 16, 247-254- microbial synthesis and breakdown of oxa- -- Rhodospirillum rubrum, 1951, 15, 188-190late, 1958, 22, 75-80 -, industrial, 1956, 20, 279-281*

- phagocytes, 1956, 20, 100-103 pathways in microorganisms, 1955, 19, 81-90;- the degradation of polysaccharides, 1958, 22, 98-101; 105-111; 229-23161-63 -, see also carbohydrates, metabolism of

- - synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides, Ferrichromes from Ustilago sphaerogenes, 1957,1958, 22, 63-65 21, 101-106

, induced synthesis of, 1957, 21, 140-168, 175-179 Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, 1957, 21, 197, 199-200


Filamentous microorganisms, colorless, 1957, 21, Gram stain, 1952, 16, 1-2969-81 Growth, bacterial, effect of surface active agents

Filterable forms in the rhizobia, 1950, 14, 283-284 on, 1948, 12, 123-126- - of bacteria, 1951, 15, 77-103 - factor, ascorbic acid as, 1953, 17, 95-97Fish, spoilage of, 1954, 18, 1-15 - factors, fatty acids as, 1954, 18, 150-156

, tuberculosis of, 1958, 22, 240-245 - -, for culture of animal tissues, 1958, 22, 27-Flagella, bacterial, as test system for study of 29, 30

thermostability of proteins, 1957, 21, 233-237 - -, - lactic acid bacteria, 1952, 16, 221-224,, chemical and physical properties, 1957, 235-241

21, 230-233 - -, required by animal tissue cultures, 1958,Flagellation in Selenomonas, 1954, 18, 165-169 22, 218-220Flagellins of mesophilic and thermophilic bac- - , synthesis and destruction of, by intestinal

teria, 1957, 21, 233-237 microorganisms, 1949, 13, 26-40preparation and properties, 1957, 21, 231-233 , --,- soil microorganisms, 1958,

Flavins, role in bioluminescence, 1954, 18, 182-187 22, 147-150- of, in electron transport, 1955, 19, 235-250; Growth, microbial, see cell division1957, 21, 122-124

Food fermentations, lactic acid bacteria in, 1952, Haemobartonella muris, see Bartonellaceae16, 247-250 Haemophilus pertu8sis, see Bordetella pertussis

, microbiological examination of, 1957, 21, 241- - strains from the genitourinary tract, classifica-244* tion of, 1956, 20, 274-275*

, preservation of, by radiation, 1955,19, 266-269* Halophilic bacteria, 1956, 20, 49-66Salmonella in, 1955, 19, 275-276 Heat resistance of bacterial endospore, 1947, 11,

Foot-and-mouth disease, differentiation of blue- 198, 202; 1948, 12, 20tongue from, 1954, 18, 248-249 --- thermophilic bacteria, 1947, 11, 198-202

, immunity in, 1947, 11, 152-153 Hektoen, Ludvig, lecture in honor of, 1948, 12,, see al80 vesicular exanthema; vesicu- 1-17

lar stomatitis HeLa cells, interaction of viruses with, 1958, 22,Fungi, degradation of lignin by, 1951, 15, 60-72 225-236

yeast-like, 1947, 11, 227-274 Hemagglutination, bacterial, 1956, 20, 166-188, definition, 1947, 11, 227-228 Hematins, antibacterial effect of, 1957, 21, 284-, see also Cryptococcus (genus) 285

Heme proteins, bacterial, in electron transport,B-Galactosidase, induced synthesis of, 1957, 21, 1955, 19, 250-262

140-168 Hemolysis as indicator of antigen-antibody reac-Galactosides, accumulation and transport of, tions, 1956, 20, 170-177

1957, 21, 171-180 Histamine, increased sensitivity to, in mice afterGalls of plants, 1950, 14, 259-263 Bordetella pertussis vaccination, 1958, 22,Gamma globulin in protection against poliomye- 173-175

litis, 1953, 17, 404-438 History of microbiology, in fable and art, 1952,Gas gangrene, 1949, 13, 233-254 16, 145-151Gene-enzyme relationship, 1947, 11, 7-12, 13, 15 -,-- leaders and landmarks in, 1950, 14, 99-Genes, existence in bacteria, 1947, 11, 18-22, 24-26 114- of bacteria and viruses, 21, 133-139 -- , lysogeny in, 1953, 17, 329-330

relation of bacteriophage to, 1953, 17, 269- -- , nitrogen fixation in, 1957, 21, 215-226;287; 1957, 21, 134-138 1958, 22, 142-144

Genetic factors in formation of root nodules by -- -, presidential addresses of the Society,the rhizobia, 1950, 14, 310-312 1953, 17, 213-247

Genetics, biochemical, 1947, 11, 7-12 - , role of precedent in, 1956, 20, 203-206-, microbial, 1947, 11, 1-40, 75-114 - - , the "Delft School," 1949, 13, 161-174Germicides, methods of evaluating, 1948, 12, 128- Host-parasite relationship, 1948, 12, 173-194;

132 1949, 13, 99-134; 1951, 15, 105-129; 1956, 20,Germination of bacterial endospores, 1957, 21, 103-118

112-117 -- in infection of bacteria by bacteriophage,Giemsa stain, evaluation for bacterial nuclei, 12, 1949, 13, 1-24, 118-122

47-49 ---- pneumococcus infections, 1948, 12,Gram, Christian, 1952, 16, 1-2 177-178


- - spirochetoses, 1948, 12, 203-255 , -, synthesis of growth factors by, 1949,---- tuberculosis, 1948, 12, 178-189 13, 25

viral infections of mammalian cells, Iron, microbial metabolism of, 1957, 21, 101-1111958, 22, 223-239 Isoniazid, effects of metallic cations on, 1957, 21,- -, see also immunological reactions; pha- 55-56gocytes

Hydrogen bacteria, 1954, 18, 45 Johne's disease, see paratuberculosis-, molecular, microbial metabolism of, 1951, 15,

190-192, 198-204; 1954, 18, 43-73 Kluyver, A. J., lecture in honor of, 1949, 13, 166-8-Hydroxyquinoline, antimicrobial action, effects 173

of metallic cations on, 1957, 21, 53-55 Krebs cycle, see tricarboxylic acid cycleKrusella Castellani 1954, 1955, 19, 272*

Immune adherence, see serological adhesionImmunity in poliomyelitis, 1949, 13, 135-159; "L" forms, 1947, 11, 25, 77; 1951, 15, 245-288

1953, 17, 339-448 -, see also filterable forms- spirochetoses, 1948, 12, 203-255 Lactenin, 1957, 21, 285- tuberculosis, 1948, 12, 182-186 Lactic acid bacteria, 1952, 16, 227-260- virus diseases, 1947, 11, 147-156, 290-295; Lactobacillus, relation of, to Pediococcus, 1949, 13,1953, 17, 322-325 225-226

-, innate, 1951, 15, 105-129 Lactobacteriaceae, 1952, 16, 227-260of bacteria to bacteriophage, 1953, 17, 273, Lawes, J. B. and Gilbert, J. H., 1957, 21, 218-226314-319, 325-328 Leptospira, 1948, 12, 203-255

-, role of phagocytes in, 1956, 20, 94-132 Leucocytes, antibacterial substances from, 1957,to animal parasites, 1948, 12, 1-17 21, 279-280, 283-284

Immunization against paratuberculosis, 1956, 20, , polymorphonuclear, 1956, 20, 96-11810-12 Leucothrix cohaerens nov. sp., 1957, 21, 71-75, 80- poliomyelitis, 1953, 17, 339-448 - (genus), 1955, 19, 49-64- tuberculosis, bacterial constituents involved - mucor, 1957, 21, 69-71, 74, 78-80in, 1958, 22, 183-203 Leukins, 1957, 21, 283-284

Immunochemistry, quantitative, 1958, 22, 246-266 Levaditi phenomenon, 1957, 21, 30-32Immunological reactions in paratuberculosis, Leveran-Mesnil reaction, 1957, 21, 30-32

1956, 20, 1-13 Life-cycles in bacteria, 1947, 11, 2-3- in vivo, 1947, 11, 275-302 ---- as interpretation of dissociation, 1947,- involving blood group substances, 1949, 13, 11, 80-82189-202; 1952, 16, 69-87 - -, "L"-forms and, 1951, 15, 77-103, 245-

- of Shigella dysenteriae, 1952, 16, 164-167 288-, significance of dissociation in, 1947, 11, Lignin, degradation of, 1951, 15, 55-76100-101 Lineola longa, 1957, 21, 75, 81

- with bacterial extracellular polysaccharides, Lipids, metabolism in the mycobacteria, 1951,1958, 22, 56-57 15, 169-170

Induced mutation, see mutation, induced of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, immunogenicityInfection, experimental, influence of nutrition in, of, 1958, 22, 187-192

1949, 13, 99-134 , synthesis of, relation to coenzyme A, 1953,-,-, production of, 1948, 12, 149-172 17, 11-13-, mechanisms of, in gas gangrene, 1949, 13, Luminescence, bacterial, 1954, 18, 180-185, 187-

238-246 188, pneumococcus infection, 1948, 12, Lymphogranuloma venereum, infection and im-

177-178 munity in, 1947, 11, 149-, --, - virus diseases, 1947, 11, 147-156 Lysogeny, 1953, 17, 269-337; 1957, 21, 136-137

resistance to, 1951, 15, 105-129 Lysozyme, 1957, 21, 82-100of mammalian cells by viruses, 1958,22,223-239 , action on pathogenic bacteria, 1957, 21, 280,

-, resistance to, effect of mucin on, 1948, 12, 282149-172 , bacteriolytic action of, 1957, 21, 85-88

Influenza, immunity in, 1947, 11, 152-154 , chemical and physical properties of, 1957, 21,- viruses, variation in, 1950, 14, 65-95 83-84Insect-transmitted virus diseases, infection and -, non-enzymic reactions of, 1957, 21, 84-85

immunity in, 1947, 11, 152 , site and mechanism of action, 1957, 21, 88-95Intestine, microorganisms of, 1949, 13, 25-45 , sources of, 1957, 21, 82-83


Macrophages, 1956, 20, 96-118 Methanococcus vannielii, 1954, 18, 50-52Malaria, immunity, 12, 4-9 Methanosarcina barkerii, 1954, 18, 50-52Mass propagation of brucellae, 1958, 22, 93-94 Mice, nonspecific effects of Bordetella pertussisMeasles, infection and immunity in, 1947, 11, vaccine in, 1958, 22, 173-182

150-152 Microbial assays, application of, in bacteriology,Media, bacteriological, significance of fatty acids 1947, 11, 115-145; 1956, 20, 243-258

in, 1954, 18, 158-159 Microbiologists, training and qualifications of,, culture, for Streptomyces, 1957, 21, 12, 23-25 1953, 17, 249-252; 1955, 19, 217-221for culture of the brucellae, 1958, 22, 81-84 Microbiology, analytical, 1956, 20, 265-267*

Meningitis, meningococcal, epidemiology of, -, marine, 1958, 22, 1-191950, 14, 115-160 Micrococcus aerogenes, hydrogen metabolism of,

Meningococcus, see Nei8seria intracellularis 1954, 18, 50Metabolic blocks in the study of biosynthetic - halodenitrificans, 1956, 20, 53-56

pathways, 1953, 17, 253-267 - -, see also halophilic bacteriashunts in Escherichia coli, 1951, 15, 141-144 - lysodeikticus as indicator of action of lysozyme,

--- molds, 1947, 11, 172-179 1957, 21, 82-95Pseudomonas fluorescens, 1955, 19, 222- - -, iron metabolism of, 1957, 21, 107-108

233 -, relation of, to Pediococcus, 1949, 13, 226--- various microorganisms, 1955, 19, 79-128 Mitosis in bacteria, comments on, 1956, 20,

Metabolism, in animal tissue cultures, 1958, 22, 235-237217-222 Molds, metabolism of, 1947, 11, 167-188- phagocytes, 1956, 20, 100-103 Monilia, see Candidaintermediary, of the mycobacteria, 1951, Moniliasis, 1947, 11, 248-25715, 147-182 Morphogenesis, 1955, 19, 69-74

of autotrophic bacteria, 1947, 11, 157-166 Morphology of bacteria, effect of penicillin on,-- bacteria, effects of bacteriophage on, 1949, 1948, 12, 83-84

13, 6-11; 1951, 15, 131-146 - -, see also capsules, bacterial; cytology;- blue-green algae, 1956, 20, 148-165 gram stain; flagella; nucleus, bacterial- Endamoeba histolytica, 1953, 17, 189-212 - virus-infected mammalian cells, 1958, 22,- molds, 1947, 11, 167-188 228-229- nucleic acid components in bacteria, 1952, Mucin, effect of, on resistance to infection, 1948,16, 211-225 12, 149-172

- oxalic acid by microorganisms, 1958, 22, Mutagenic agents, 1947, 11, 16-1875-80 - -, influence of, on bacterial dissociation,

- photosynthetic bacteria, 1951, 15, 183-210; 1947, 11, 841954, 18, 44-45 Mutation and selection as mechanism of adapta-

- thermophilic aerobic sporeforming bacteria, tion, 1947, 11, 4-7, 9-11, 26-291953, 17, 143-153 - - dissociation, 1947, 11, 79, 83-97oxidative, of bacteria, 1950, 14, 179-191; 1951, -- evolution, 1947, 11, 26-3115, 211-216, 222-244; 1954, 18, 43-73; 1955, --- in a microbial population, 1957, 21, 133-19, 90-98, 101-102 135-, - molds, 1951, 15, 219-222 ---- change from smooth to non-smooth in-,-yeasts, 1951, 15, 216-219 cultures of brucellae, 1958, 22, 90-92

, rate of, in thermophiles, 1947, 11, 204-205 - from mesophily to thermophily, 1953, 17,relation of ascorbic acid to, 1953, 17, 93-107 136-141see also biosynthesis; pencillin, biosynthesis Mutations in bacteria, 11, 1-40, 79, 83-85of; oxidations, bacterial; carbohydrates, - molds, 1947, 11, 167-169metabolism of; nitrogen, metabolism of; , induced, 1947, 11, 1, 4-7, 16-18, 22-24, 28-29,fermentation 84

Metallic ions, effects on action of antimicrobial -, , in penicillia, 1956, 20, 134-135agents, 1957, 21, 46-68 , radiation induced, 1955, 19, 32-41

- required for culture of animal tissue cells, , ultraviolet-induced, photoreactivation of,1958, 22, 30-31 1958, 22, 99-142

--, see also trace elements Mycobacteria, intermediary metabolism of, 1951,Methane bacteria, hydrogen metabolism of, 1954, 15, 147-182

18, 50-52 Mycobacterium anabanti, 1958, 22, 243Methanobacterium formicicum, 1954, 18, 50-52 -marinum, 1958, 22, 241-242.- omelianskii, 1954, 18, 50-52 - paratuberculosis, see paratuberculosis


- piscium, 1958,22,240-241. , , use of Giemsa stain for, 12, 47-49-platypoecilis, 1958, 22, 243 -, , see also chromatin bodies of bacteria-tuberculosis, as example of parasitic organism, Nutrition, influence of, in experimental infection,

1948, 12, 178-189 1949, 13, 99-134-, effect of Tween 80 on growth of, 1948, 12, - of animal tissue cells, 1958, 22, 23-34, 217-222125-126 - - Endamoeba histolytica, 1953, 17, 189-196

--, filterable forms in, 1951, 15, 84-88 - - the brucellae, 1958, 22, 81-98- , immunizing constituents of, 1958, 22, --- lactic acid bacteria, 1952, 16, 235-241

183-203 --- Myxophyceae, 1956, 20, 152-156-, respiration of, 1951, 15, 149-154, 159-161 --- rhizobia, 1950, 14, 281-283

Mycococcus Krassilnikov 1938, 1955, 19, 271* -, role of intestinal microorganisms in, 1949,Myxobacteria, confusion with colorless filament- 13, 25-40

ous organisms, 1957, 21, 75, 81-, morphogenesis in, 1955, 19, 73-74 Opsonin, see complement-, taxonomic position of, 1949, 13, 85-87 Organic acids, permeation of, into bacterial cells,Myxomycetes, morphogenesis in, 1955, 19, 73-74 1957, 21, 181-183Myxophyceae, colorless, 1949, 13, 61-72 - matter, decomposition of, in the sea, 1958,

, physiology of, 1956, 20, 148-165 22, 5, relation between bacteria and, 1949, 13, Oscillospira, taxonomic position of, 1949, 13,47-98 74-77

Oxalic acid, microbial metabolism of, 1958, 22,Neisseria intracellularis, relation of carrier rates 75-80

and morbidity from, 1950, 14, 115-160 Oxidations, bacterial, 1950, 14, 179-191; 1955, 19,- , serological relationships of, 1953, 17, 90-98, 101-102

175-188 -, -, by the mycobacteria, 1951, 15, 147-182Nematode infestation of rats, immunity against, -, , in Escherichia coli, 1951, 15, 141-144

1948, 12, 2-4 -, , Pseudomonas fluorescens, 1955, 19, 222-Nippostrongylus muris, immunity against, 1948, 233

12, 2-4 -, , see also hydrogen, molecular, microbial- ,life cycle, 1948, 12, 2-3 metabolism of; cytochromes; biolumines-

Nitrification in soil, 1951, 15, 1-53 cence; electron transport; respirationNitrogen cycle in the sea, 1958, 22, 4-5 Oxine, see 8-hydroxyquinoline

fixation by the photosynthetic bacteria, 1951, Oxygen concentration, effect of, on X-ray treated15, 198-204 cells, 1955, 19, 34-35

- , comparative biochemistry of, 1947, 11, - relationships, bacterial, definitions of, 1955,64-65 19, 45-47

- , energetics of, 1947, 11, 60-65 - supply and demand in culture fluids, 1954,, history of, 1957, 21, 215-226 18, 254-258., mechanism of, 1947, 11, 42-73

--, symbiotic, 1950, 14, 297-312 Paracolobactrum, see Enterobacteriaceae, see also Azotobacteriaceae; Rhizobium Parasites, animal, immunity, 1948, 12, 1-17

-, metabolism of, in endospore extracts, 1957, Parasitism, microbial, mechanism of, 1948, 12,21, 124-126 173-194

the clostridia, 1954, 18, 16-42 Paratuberculosis, immunological problems in,- mycobacteria, 1951, 15, 170-172 1956, 20, 1-13- penicillia, 1956, 20, 138-139 Pedicoccus (genus), 1949, 13, 225-232

Non-sulfur purple bacteria, 1951, 15, 184-204 Penicillia, carbon dioxide fixation by, 1956, 20,Novy, Frederick G., lecture in honor of, 1950, 14, 139

99-114 -, metabolism of, in relation to penicillin synthe-Nucleic acid components, metabolism of, in bac- sis, 1956, 20, 133-147

teria, 1952, 16, 211-225 Penicillin, action on feline pneumonitis virus in- metabolism in virus-infected mammalian chick embryo yolk sac, 1954, 18, 173-175

cells, 1958, 22, 231-236 , biosynthesis of, 1956, 20, 133-147, synthesis of, by disrupted cells, 1957, 21, , mechanism of action of, 1948, 12, 79-103;255-256* 1953, 17, 41-45; 1956, 20, 28-48

Nucleus, bacterial, genetic evidence for existence , production of, 1948, 12, 305-308of, 1947, 11, 18-22, 24-26 , site of action of, 1956, 20, 28-48

, in the endospore, 12, 22-26, 40-43, 4549 , see also antibiotics


Peptides, requirements for, in culture of animal Poliomyelitis, immunization against, 1953, 17,tissue cells, 1958, 22, 31-33 339-448

Permeability, cellular, effect of polymyxins on, -, infection and immunity in, 1947, 11, 154,1956, 20, 15-25 294-295; 1949, 13, 135-159-, induced enzyme synthesis and selective, , virus of, 1950, 14, 233-2441957, 21, 169-191 Polymyxins, properties and mode of action of,

Permeases for amino acids, 1957, 21, 183-187 1956, 20, 14-27- galactosides, 1957, 21, 171-180 , see also antibiotics- glucosides, 1957, 21, 181 Polypeptides, basic, antibacterial action, 1957,- glucuronides, 1957, 21, 180-181 21, 282-283induced synthesis of, 1957, 21, 175-176, 178-179 Polysaccharides, extracellular, of bacteria, 1958,

Petroleum industry, microbiology in, 1954, 18, 22, 46-73215-238 - of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nonimmuno-

- microbiology, 1956, 20, 261-264* genicity of, 1958, 22, 184-185Phagocytes, interactions of, with pathogenic Populations, description of, 1955, 19, 162-166

microorganisms, 1956, 20, 94-132 , mutation and selection in, 1957, 21, 133-135role of, in resistance to infection, 1951, 15, of cells, differentiation in, 1955, 19, 69-74114-119 ---, synchronization of growth in, 1957, 21,

Pharmaceuticals, preservation of, by radiation, 263-2721955, 19, 266-269* -, the binomial distribution of, 1955, 19, 194-204

Phenol coefficient, validity of, 1948, 12, 128-132 -, normal distribution of, 1955, 19, 172-194Philosophy, legend and fantasy in microbiology, -, Poisson distribution of, 1955, 19, 204-207

1952, 16, 145-161; 1953, 17, 213-247, 330-332; Porphyrins in Micrococcus lysodeikticus, 1957,1955, 19, 1-5; 20, 223-226 21, 107-108

Phosphorus cycle in the sea, 1958, 22, 4 Precipitin reaction, comparison of, with comple-Photoreactivation, 1958, 22, 99-142 ment fixation, 1958, 22, 251-256- of ultraviolet-irradiated cells, 1955, 19, 35 Precursors, metabolic, testing of, 1947, 11, 177-179Photosynthesis by phytoplankton, 1958, 22, 6-9 , -, see also metabolic blocks; simultaneous

role of energy-rich phosphate in, 1947, 11, adaptation163-164; 1951, 15, 204-205 Preservatives, antimicrobial, 1957, 21, 251-254*

Photosynthetic bacteria, metabolism of, 1951, Presidential addresses, S.A.B., commentary on,15, 183-210 1953, 17, 213-247

- -, taxonomic position of, 1949, 13, 78-82 Properdin, 1957, 21, 276-279Pigments, bacterial, 1956, 20, 282-284* Prophage, 1953, 17, 280-284Plakin, 1957, 21, 284 - as agent of genetic transduction, 1957, 21,Plants, diseases of, control by antibiotics, 1954, 136-138

18, 131-146 - induction, photoreactivation of, 1958, 22,-, galls of, 1950, 14, 259-263 102, 104, 112-113, 131

interrelations between, and microorganisms -, see also lysogenyin the soil, 1958, 22, 154-172 Protein, synthesis of, in virus-infected mam-wilts of, 1950, 14, 259; 263-272 malian cells, 1958, 22, 232-236

Plasmagenes, 1947, 11, 21-22 Proteins, basic, antibacterial effect of, 1957,Plasmodium brasilianum, immunity, 1948, 12, 4-9 21, 282Platelets, blood, adhesion to microbial cells in , cytoplasmic, of mesophilic and thermophilic

presence of antimicrobial serum, 1957, 21, bacteria, 1957, 21, 227-24030-41 , effects of surface active agents on, 1948, 12,

Pleuropneumonia group, relation between L-forms 118-121and, 1951, 15, 279-283 -of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nonimmuno-

Pneumococcus infections, mechanism of parasi- genicity of, 1958, 22, 185-187tism in, 1948, 12, 177-178 Proteus (genus), lack of pleomorphism in, 1956,type transformation in, 1947, 11, 22-24; 1952, 20, 203-20416, 31-50 Protoplasts, formation following action of lyso-

Pneumonia, experimental, effect of mucin in, 1948, zyme, 1957, 21, 94-9512, 166-167 Pseudomonas fluorescens, carbohydrate degrada-mechanism of parasitism in, 1948, 12, 177-178 tion in, 1955, 19, 222-233

Pneumonitis, feline, growth of virus of, 1954, 18, salinaria, 1956, 20, 54; 59170-176 -, see also halophilic bacteria


Psittacosis, infection and immunity in, 1947, Rhizosphere, microbial activity in, 1954, 18, 138-11, 149 142; 1958, 22, 154-172

Psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group of viruses, -, sythesis of growth factors in, 1958, 22, 149-151growth of, 1954, 18, 170-176 Rhizobium spp., 1950, 14, 273-330

Pyridine nucleotides, function of, in electron Rhodotorulaceae, taxonomic position, 1947, 11,transport, 1955, 19, 235-250 228

Ribonucleic acid, effect of, on production ofQ fever, 1950, 14, 245-252, 254-258 streptolysin S, 1948, 12, 196-197- , history of, 1955, 19, 129-149 - -, synthesis in viruses, 1951, 15, 131-146

Rickettsia burnetii, see Coxiella burnetiiRabies, mechanism of immunity in, 1947, 11, - diasporica, see Coxiella burneti

154, 290-292 Rickettsial diseases, 1950, 14, 195-200; 245-258Radiation, applications of, in preservation of food --, see also specific diseases; Q fever; rickett-

and pharmaceuticals, 1955, 19, 266-269* sialpox-damage, reversal of, by visible light, 1958, 22, Rickettsiales, taxonomy of, 1955, 19, 271*

99-142 Rickettsialpox, 1950, 14, 245-246, effects of, on cells and bacteria, 1955, 19, Rieckenberg reaction, 1957, 21, 30-3222-44 Root-nodule bacteria, see Rhizobium

-, isolated cell constituents, 1955, 19, Rumen, microbiology of, 1950, 14, 8-17, 22-31,23-26 42-45; 1955, 19, 277-279*

-, mutagenic effect of, 1947, 11, 16-18, 19-20; , Selenomonas ruminantium in, 1954, 18, 166-1671955, 19, 32-41 Russell, Harry Luman, lecture in honor of, 1950,

-resistance, 1947, 11, 17-18; 1955, 19, 26-32 14, 99-114Radicalism and conservatism in science, 1955,

19, 1-5 Salmon, tuberculosis of, 1958, 22, 243-244Radiopenicillin in study of site of action of peni- Salmonella, detection of, in food, 1955, 19, 275-276*

cillin, 1956, 20, 28-48 -, see also EnterobacteriaceaeRecombination, genetic, in bacteria, 1947, 11, Salt tolerance, see halophilic bacteria

20, 24-26 Sanitation, see also surfaces, bacterial contamina-Red blood cells, antigens of, see antigens, blood tion of

group -, value of surface active agents in, 1948, 12,Reddening of fish and hides by halophiles, 1956, 136-137

20, 50-51 Sea, microbiology of, 1958, 22, 1-19"Refection" phenomenon, 1949, 13, 28-30 Selection, see mutation and selectionRelapsing fever, serological adhesion in, 1957, Selenomonas spp. 1954, 18, 165-168

21, 37-38 Serological adhesion, 1957, 21, 30-45Resistance, natural, mechanisms of, 1951, 15, Serology of Candida, 1947, 11, 236-237, 257-260

105-129 - - meningococci, 1953, 17, 175-188, significance of antimicrobial tissue factors - - the rhizobia, 1950, 14, 296-297

in, 1957, 21, 286-287 -, see also immunological reactionsto infection, effect of fatty acids on, 1954, Serotonin, increased sensitivity to, in mice after18, 156-158 Bordetella pertussis vaccination, 1958, 22,

- .mucin on, 1948, 12, 149-172 175-176-- -, in spirochetoses, 1948, 12, 203-255 Sheep, bluetongue in, 1954, 18, 239-253-- -, nonspecific alteration of, in mice after Shigella dysenteriae, filterable forms in, 1951, 15,

Bordetella pertussis vaccination, 1958, 22, 89-92173-182 - -, neurotoxin of, 1952, 16, 153-178

- -, significance of phagocytes, 1956, 20, _I see also Enterobacteriaceae94-132 Simultaneous adaptation, 1950, 14, 181-190

Respiration, bacterial, effects of penicillin on, Slime molds, amoeboid, 1955, 19, 70-731948, 12, 84-92 ' true 1955,a 19,73174- in the mycobacteria, 1951, 15, 147-161 - , true, 1955, 19, 774

-, terminal, of microorganisms, 1951, 15, 211-244 Sludge, sewage, cellulolytic bacteria in, 1950,, see also cytochromes; oxidations, bacterial 14, 17-21

Resting cell technique, in study of mold Smallpox, infection and immunity in, 1947, 11,metabolism, 1947, 11, 174-175 150-152

Reticulo-endothelial system, 1956, 20, 96-118 -vaccine, preservation of, 1954, 18, 74-86


Society of American Bacteriologists, founding of, scabies, history and description, 1957, 21,1948, 12, 275-296 17-- -, presidential addresses, commentary -, taxonomy of, 1957, 21, 7-26on, 1953, 17, 213-247 , see also Actinomycetales

--- -, presidents of, biographical sketches, Streptomycin, effects of metallic cations on, 1957,1953, 17, 213-247 21, 56-57-- -, role of, in setting professional stand- , mode of action of, 1953, 17, 37-41ards, 1953, 17, 249-252 -, see also antibiotics

Soil, bacteriology of, 1948, 12, 257-273 Subcellular fragments, role in metabolic reactions,-, cellulolytic bacteria in, 1950, 14, 21-22, 32-34 1957, 21, 255-256*-microorganisms and growth promoting sub- Sulfonamides, resistance, origin of, 1947, 11,

stances, 1958, 22, 145-153 14- , interrelations with plant roots, 1958, 22, Sulfur, cycle in the sea, 1958, 22, 14

154-172 , metabolism of, in the penicillia, 1956, 20,-, nitrification in, 1951,15, 1-53 138-, production of antibiotics in, 1954, 18, 131-146 -, microbial transformations of, 1957, 21, 195,Species concept among microorganisms, 1957, 200-205

21, 1-2 oxidation as energy source by T. thiooxidans,--- the actinomycetes, 1957, 21, 2-29 1947, 11, 159-163Spermine and spermidine, antibacterial effect of, Surface active agents, application of in bac-

1957, 21, 285 teriology, 1948, 12, 105-148Sphaerotilus discophorus, 1957, 21, 75 -tension, effect of, on bacterial growth, 1948,- natans, 1957, 21, 74-75, 81 12, 123-124Spherophorus necrophorus, L forms in, 1951, 15, Surfaces, bacterial contamination of, determina-

77-80 tion of, 1955, 19, 284-287*Spirillum, relation of genus Selenomonas to, Swine, vesicular exanthema of, 1955, 19, 6-19

1954, 18, 165-167 Synchronization of cell division, 1957, 21, 263-272-sputiginum, see Selenomonas sputigena Syphilis, mechanism of resistance in, 1948, 12,Spirochaetae, taxonomic position of, 1949, 13, 203-255

82-85Spirochetes, filterable forms in, 1951, 15, 81-4 Taxonomy, nomenclature and, 1958, 22, 204-215-, pathogenic, 1948, 12, 203-255 - of bacteria and natural relationships, 1949,Spore, bacterial, see endospore, bacterial 13, 51-53Sporeforming bacteria, thermophilic aerobic, --- found in soil, 1948, 12, 267-271

1953, 17, 125-173 - - insect viruses, 1949, 13, 203-223Sporobolomycetaceae, taxonomic position of, 1947, - - the Actinomycetales, 1957, 21, 1-29

11, 228 --- anaerobic mesophilic cellulolytic bac-Stain, gram, 1952, 16, 1-29 teria, 1950, 14, 8-41Staining of bacterial capsules, 1958, 22, 49-51 --- Azotobacteriaceae, 1954, 18, 205-208Stains, nuclear, 1948, 12, 47-49; 1956, 20, 214-218 --- Bartonellaceae, 1955, 19, 150-155Statistics, concepts of, application to bac- --- genera Leucothrix and Thiothrix, 1955,

teriology, 1955, 19, 160-215 19, 49-64; 1957, 21, 69-81-, see also microbial assays --- genus Cryptococcus, 1956, 20, 189-190Sterilization by ionizing radiation, 1955, 19, 266- ---- Selenomonas, 1954, 18, 165-168

269* - - - lactic acid bacteria, 1949, 13, 225-232;Stickland reaction, 1954, 18, 16-42 1952,16, 228-235Stomatitis, vesicular, 1952, 16, 179-204 Myophyceae, 1949, 13, 47-98Streptobacilius moniliformis, L forms in, 1951, --- pathogenic clostridia, 1949, 13, 247-250

15, 77-80, 245-251 Sooooyeaee 97 1 2Streptococcus pyogenes, toxins of, 1948, 12, 195-202 --- Sporobolomycetaceae, 1947 11r 228-, relation of Pediococcus to, 1949, 13, 227-228 - thermophilic aerobic sporeforming bac-Streptolysins 0 and S, 1948, 12, 195-202 teria, 1953, 17, 131-136, 141-143Streptomyces flavus, history and description, 1957, -- thiobacilli, 1957, 21, 196-198

21, 17-22 - yeast-like fungi, 1947, 11, 229-233, 236-238,- griseus, history and description, 1957, 21, 241-246, 260, 262

13-17 , significance of dissociation in, 1947, 11, 97-99, key to species, 1957, 21, 25-26 -, - genetics in, 1947, 11, 31-32


-, - mode of spore germination in, 1948, Toxin, diphtherial, neutralization by antiserum12, 39-45 in vivo, 1947, 11, 276-282

, Skerman's key to bacterial genera, 1949, 13, -, , use in determining capillary permeability,175-188 1947, 11, 283-286

, symposia on, 1955, 19, 270-274;* 1956, 20, , tetanus, avidity for nerve tissue, 1947, 11,274-278* 286-289

, see also names of individual taxonomic groups , , mode of spread in body, 1947, 11, 281-282Terramycin, see tetracyclines -, -, neutralization by antiserum in vivo, 1947,Tetanus toxin, see toxin, tetanus 11, 281-282; 286-289Tetracyclines, effects of metallic cations on, 1957, -, , use in determining capillary permeability,

21, 47-53 1947, 11, 283-286, mode of action of, 1953, 17, 29-37 Toxins, bacterial, 1955, 19, 263-265*

-, see also antibiotics -, -, rapidly acting, 1948, 12, 195-202Thermophilic microorganisms, aerobic sporeform- , effects of surface active agents on, 1948, 12,

ing, 1953, 17, 125-173 122-, cellulolytic, 1950, 14, 51-63 - in gas gangrene, 1949, 13, 241-246

- -, characteristics of, 1947, 11, 192-196; 1953, -, see also Shigella dysenteriae, neurotoxin17, 125-153 Trace elements, effect of, on mold metabolism,

-, decomposition of cellulose by, 1947, 11, 1947, 11, 175-176193 Transduction, genetic, 1957, 21, 135-137

--, definition of, 1947, 11, 190-192 Transformation, bacterial, 1952, 16, 31-50, growth at low temperatures, 1947, 11, -, -, in the pneumococcus, 1947, 11, 22-24205-210 Transforming factors, photoreactivation of, fol-

-, -curves of, 1947, 11, 202-204; 1953, 17, lowing ultraviolet irradiation, 1958, 22,159-166 128-129, 131, 136

- , origin and distribution of, 1947, 11, 196-197; Treponema, 1948, 12, 203-2551953, 17, 125-127 - pallidum, serological adhesion to, 1957, 21,

-, protoplasm of, compared with that of 31-38mesophilic bacteria, 1957, 21, 227-240 Tricarboxylic acid cycle, enzymes of, location

Thermophily, explanations of, 1953, 17, 153-167; within the cell, 1956, 20, 77-01957, 21, 227-240 --- in the mycobacteria, 1951, 15, 168-169

Thiobacilli, carbon and energy metabolism of, ---- various microorganisms, 1951, 15,1957, 21, 205-209 211-244

, description and classification, 1957, 21, 196- -- intermediates, permeability of cell to,198 1957, 21, 181-183

, isolation and cultivation, 1957, 21, 198-200 Trypanosoma lewisi, 1948, 12, 9-13, sulfur metabolism of, 1957, 21, 200-205 , immunity, 1948,12, 9-13

Thiobacillus denitrificans, 1957, 21, 196-197, 199, Trypanosomiasis, diagnosis by serological adhe-205 sion, 1957, 21, 30-31, 33-38

ferrooxidans, 1957, 21, 197, 199-200 Tuberculosis as an example of parasitism, 1948,novellus, 1957, 21, 198, 200 12, 178-189thiocyanoxidans, 1957, 21, 197-198, 200 - of fish, 1958, 22, 240-245

- thiooxidans, 1957, 21, 197, 199 Tween 80, effect of, on growth of tubercle bacillus,--, oxidation of sulfur by, 1947, 11, 159-163 1948, 12, 125-126- -, physiology of, 1947, 11, 158-163 Type transformation in pneumococci, 1947, 11,

thioparus, 1957, 21, 196-199 22-24Thiothrix (genus), 1955, 19, 49-64Thrush, see moniliasis Ustilago sphaerogena, iron metabolism of, 1957,Tissue culture, animal, methods for, 1958, 22, 21, 101-107

20-23,-, nutrition in, 1958, 22, 23-34 Vaccine, smallpox, preservation of, 1954, 18,

-- -, nutritional studies in, 1958, 22, 217-222 74-86- -, -, study of virus infection in, 1958, 22, Variation in bacteria, 1947, 11, 1-40, 75-114

223-239 - - Candida, 1947, 11, 233-236Tissues, normal, antimicrobial factors in, 1957, - - influenza viruses, 1950, 14, 65-95

21, 273-294 - - spirochetes, 1948, 12, 212-214Torulopsis, taxonomic relationships of, 1956, 20, Veillonella gazogenes (Micrococcus lactilyticus)

189-190 hydrogen metabolism of, 1954, 18, 49-50


Vesicular exanthema of swine, 1955, 19, 6-19 of animals, purification of, 1950, 14, 200-209- stomatitis, 1952, 16, 179-204 - insects, classification of, 1949, 13, 203-223Vi antigen, thermostability of, 1956, 20, 204-206 -, propagation of, in animal tissue culture, 1958,Vibrio costicolus, 1956, 20, 52-57 22, 34-35- -, see also halophilic bacteria , psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group, 1954, 18,Virulence, cellular structures and functions 170-176

associated with, 1948, 12, 173-194 , reproduction of, 1949, 13, 1-24; 1950, 14, 210-, factors associated with, in pneumonia, 1948, 218; 1951, 16, 131-146; 1954, 18, 170-176

12, 177-178 Vitamins, calculations of the bioassay of, 1956, 20,,-- , spirochetoses, 1948, 12, 204-214 243-258.-,-tuberculosis, 1948,12, 178-189 -required by animal tissue cultures, 1958, 22,

Virus diseases, 1950, 14, 195-244 219-220, control of, 1950, 14, 219-224 Vitreoscilla spp., 1957, 21, 74, 81

- -, diagnosis of, 1957, 21, 245-248*- -, immunity in, 1947, 11, 147-156, 290-295 Water, bacteriological testing of, 1956, 20, 259-- -, mechanisms of infection in, 1947, 11, 260*

147-156 Welch, William H., lecture in honor of, 1950, 14,-, encephalomyocarditis, 1950, 14, 233-244 99-114

, feline pneumonitis, growth in chick embryo Wetting agents, see surface active agentsyolk sac, 1954, 18, 170-176 Wilts of plants, 1950, 14, 259, 263-272

-, influenza, variation in, 1950, 14, 65-95 Wounds, bacteriology of, 1949, 13, 233-238-, poliomyelitis, 1950, 14, 233-244

, vaccinia, preservation of, 1954, 18, 74-86 Yeast-like fungi, see fungi, yeast-likeViruses as pathogenic agents in man, 1947, 11, Yeasts, dimorphism in, 1953, 17, 51-92

147-156 -, relation to yeast-like fungi, 1947, 11, 227-229-, bacterial, see bacteriophage; lysogeny Yellow fever, infection and immunity in, 1947,-, Coxsackie group, 1950, 14, 233-244 11, 152-, dengue group, 1950, 14, 225-232-, interaction of, with infected cells, 1958, 22, Zeta potential of spirochetes, 1948, 12, 205-206,

223-239 218

CONTENTS1947-1958Volume 11

No. 1, MARCH 1947Recent Advances in Bacterial Genetics. S. E. LURIA............................... 1The Mechanism of Biological Nitrogen Fixation. P. W. WILSON AND R. H. BuRms, ... 41

No. 2, JUNE 1947Bacterial Dissociation. WERNER BRAUN................................. ......... 75Use of Moving Averages and Interpolation to Estimate Median-Effective Dose.

WILLIAM R. THOMPSON. ........................................................ 115

No. 3, SEPTE1MBER 1947

*Mechanisms of Infection and Immunity in Virus Diseases of Man. THOMAS FRANCIS,JR.................................................................... 147

tProblems of Autotrophy. W. W. UMBREIT........................................ 157Some Introspections on Mold Metabolism. JACKSON W. FOSTER.................... 167The Thermophilic Microorganisms. EUGENE R. L. GAuGHRAN...................... 189

No. 4, DECEMBER 1947The Yeast-like Fungi: Candida and Brettanomyces. C. E. SKINNER................ 227Dynamics and Mechanism of Immunity Reactions in Vivo. ULRICH FRIEDEMANN.... 275

Volume 12

No. 1, MARCH 1948The Inhibition of Reproduction of Parasites by Immune Factors. WILLIAM H.

TALIAFERRO ........ ........................................................... 1The Endospore of Bacteria. GEORGES KNAYSI ..................................... 19Cytochemical Interpretation of the Mechanism of Penicillin Action. ROBERTSON

PRATT AND JEAN DUFRENOY .................................................... 79

No. 2, JUNE 1948Surface Active Agents and their Application in Bacteriology. HAROLD N. GLASSMAN. 105Mucin as a Resistance-Lowering Substance. L. OTmxI............................ 149

No. 3, SEPTEMBER 1948Cellular Structures and Functions Concerned in Parasitism. RENA J. DUBOS........ 173tProperties of Certain Rapidly Acting Bacterial Toxins as Illustrated by Streptoly-

sins 0 and S. ALAN W. BERNHEIMBER.......................................... 195Characteristics of Pathogenic Spirochetes and Spirochetoses with Special Reference

to Mechanisms of Host Resistance. ABRAM B. STRAVITSKY..................... 203The Most Abundant Groups of Bacteria in Soil. H. J. CONN........................ 257

No. 4, DECEMBER 1948*Professor Herbert William Conn and the Founding of the Society. H. J. CONN...... 275Corn Steep Liquor in Microbiology. R. WINSTON LIGGETT AND H. KOFFLER......... 297

Volume 18No. 1, MARCH 1949

Growth Requirements of Bacterial Viruses. SEYMOUR S. COHEN..................... 1Some Considerations of the Biological Importance of Intestinal Microorganisms. K.

R. JOHANSSON AND W. B. SSALEs............................................... 25

* Indicates Presidential addresses.t Indicates Eli Lilly award addresses.

23

24 CONTENTS [VOL. 22

No. 2, JUNE 1949The Relationship between Bacteria and Myxophyceae. E. G. PRINGsHEIM .......... 47Influence of Nutrition in Experimental Infection. PAUL F. CLARK, LELAND S. Mc-

CLUNG, HENRY PINKERTON, WINSTON H. PRICE, AND HOWARD A. SCHNEIDER.... 99

No. 3, SEPTEMBER 1949*Immunity in Poliomyelitis. W. McD. HAMMON.................................... 135The "Delft School" and the Rise of General Microbiology. C. B. VAN NIEL.......... 161A Mechanical Key for the Generic Identification of Bacteria. V. B. D. SKERMAN.... 175

No. 4, DECEMBER 1949

tImmunochemical Studies on Blood Group Substances. ELVIN A. KABAT............ 189Nomenclature and Classification of Insect Viruses. EDWARD A. STEINHAUS......... 203The Genus Pediococcus. CARL S. PEDERSON...................................... 225Clostridia in Gas Gangrene. LoIis DESPAIN SMITH................................ 233


The Anaerobic Mesophilic Cellulolytic Bacteria. R. E. HUNGATE.................. 1The Anaerobic Thermophilic Cellulolytic Bacteria. R. H. MCBEE.................. 51Variation in Influenza Viruses. B. A. BRIODY..................................... 65The Relationship between Bacteria and Myxophyceae (Correction). E. G. PRING-

SHEIM.......................................................................... 97

No. 2, JUNE 1950Some Leaders and Landmarks in the History of Microbiology. C.-E. A. WINSLOW.. 99Meningococcus Carrier Rates and Meningitis Incidence. W. LLOYD AYCOCK AND

J. HOWARD MUELLER........................................................... 115Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Bacteriology and Chemotherapy. MALCOLM WOODBINE. 161

No. 3, SEPTEMBER 1950

tProblems of Bacterial Oxidative Metabolism. R. Y. STANIER..................... 179Symposium on Viral and Rickettsial Diseases. J. E. SMADEL, J. WARREN, E. A.

EVANS, JR., F. L. HORSFALL, JR., A. B. SABIN, J. L. MELNICK, R. J. HUEBNER,AND E. H. LENNETTE........................................................... 193

Some Important Galls and Wilts of Plants and the Inciting Bacteria. ALBERT C.HILDEBRANDT.................................................................. 259

No. 4, DECEMBER 1950Biochemical and Symbiotic Properties of Rhizobia. ETHEL K. ALLEN AND O. N.

ALLEN......................................................................... 273

Volume 15

No. 1, MARCH 1951

Biochemistry of Nitrification in Soils. J. H. QUASTEL AND P. G. SCHOLEFIELD....... 1

No. 2, JUNE 1951

Microbiological Aspects of Lignin Degradation. SIDNEY GOTTLIEB AND MICHAEL J.PELCZAR, JR.................................................................... 55

Filterable Forms of Bacteria. E. KLIENEBERGER-NOBEL............................ 77


*Mechanisms of Man's Resistance to Infectious Diseases. W. J. NUNGESTER ........ 105

tThe Synthesis of Nucleic Acid by Virus-Infected Bacteria. SEYMOUR S. COHEN .... 131The Intermediary Metabolism of the Mycobacteria. N. L. EDSON .................. 147

1958] CONTENTS 25

No. 4, DECEMBER 1951Metabolic Patterns in Photosynthetic Bacteria. HOWARDGET......................183Terminal Respiratory Patterns in Microorganisms. SAMUEL J. AJL................. 211The L Forms of Bacteria. Louis DIENES AND HOWARD J. WEINBERGER............. 245

Volume 16

No. 1, MAXcH 1952The Gram Stain. JAMES W. BARTHOLOMEW AND TOD M IWER...1Bacterial Transformation Reactions. ROBERT AUSTRIAN............................ 31

No. 2, JUNE 1952Problems in the Search for Microorganisms Producing Antibiotics. J. B. ROuTIEN

AND A. C. FINLAY.............................................................. 51The Mosaic Structure of Red Blood Cell Agglutinogens. A. S. WIENER AND I. B.

WEXLER....................................................................... 69Symposium on the Biology of Bacterial Spores. 0. B. WILLIAMS, CARL LAMANNA,

GEORGES KNAYSI, E. STATEN WYNNE, C. F. SCHMIDT, HAROLD R. CURRAN, MAXLEVINE, H. SUGIYAMA, HOWARD REYNOLDS, HAROLD LICHTENSTEIN, AND CHARLESR. PHILLIPS.................................................................... 89

No. 3, SEPTEMBER 1952*Microbiology in Fable and Art. RENh J. DUBOS.................................. 145The Neurotoxin of Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga). FRANK B. ENGLEY, JR............. 153The Natural History of Vesicular Stomatitis. ROBERT P. HANSON.................. 179

No. 4, DECEMBER 1952Barnett Cohen (1891-1952). An Appreciation. WM. MANSFIELD CLARK.............. 205tMetabolism of Nucleic Acid Components in Bacteria. J. 0. LAMPEN............... 211Symposium on the Lactic Acid Bacteria. RALPH P. TITTSLER, CARL S. PEDERSON,

ESMOND E. SNELL, DAVID HENDLIN AND CHAmES F. NIVEN, JR................. 227

Volume 17

No. 1, MARCH 1953On Chemistry and Function of Coenzyme A. FRITZ LIPMANN....................... 1Symposium on the Mode of Action of Antibiotics. ORVILLE WYss, GRANT N. SMITH,

GL.ADYs L. HOBBY, EVELYN L. OGINSKY, AND ROBERTSON PRATT................ 17The Dimorphism Phenomenon in Yeasts. GEORGE H. SCHERR AND R. H. WEAVER.. 51

No. 2, JUNE 1953

Interactions Between Ascorbic Acid and Bacteria. B. P. EDDY AND M. INGRAM...... 93Bacteriophage in Cheese Manufacture. H. R. WHITEHEAD.......................... 109The Thermophilic Aerobic Sporeforming Bacteria. MARY BELLE ALLEN............ 125


Serological Relationships Among Meningococci. SARA E. BRANHAM................. 175Nutrition and Physiology of Endamoeba histolytica. MITSURu NAKAMURA.......... 189A Half Century of Presidential Addresses of the Society of American Bacteriologists.

PAUL F. CLARK ................................................................ 213

No. 4, DECEMBER 1953

*Microbiologists in Transition. G. M. DACK....................................... 249The Use of Metabolically Blocked Organisms for the Analysis of Biosynthetic Path-

ways. E. A. ADELBERO........................................................ 253Lysogeny. ANDRELWOFF.......................................................... 269Immunization Against Poliomyelitis. T. E. BomD.................................. 339



Microbiological Deterioration of the Fish Post-Mortem, its Detection and Control. H.A. TARR....................................................................... 1

The Stickland Reaction. B. NISMAN......................... .......................16Oxidation and Evolution of Molecular Hydrogen by Microorganisms. HOWARD GEST. 43The Preservation of Vaccinia Virus. L. H. COLLIER................................ 74

No. 2, JUNE 1954The Preparation of Cell-Free Enzymes from Microorganisms. W. B. HuGO.......... 87Bacterial Cytochromes. LUCILE SETH............................................. 106Soil-Produced Antibiotics-Plant Disease and Insect Control. J. H. STALLINGS..... 131Influence of Trace Amounts of Fatty Acids on the Growth of Microorganisms. C.

NIEMAN........................................................................ 147

No. 3, SEPTEMBER 1954Selenomonas Boskamp, 1922-A Genus That Includes Species Showing an Unusual

Type of Flagellation. ERWIN F. LESSEL, JR., AND ROBERT S. BREED............ 165tBiochemical Aspects of the Growth of Feline Pneumonitis Virus in the Chick Em-

bryo Yolk Sac. JAMES W. MOULDER........................................... 170Bioluminescence. W. D. MCELROY AND B. L. STREHLER............................ 177

No. 4, DECEMBER 1954The Azotobacteriaceae. H. L. JENSEN............................................. 195Microbiology in the Petroleum Industry. JOHN B. DAVIS AND DAVID M. UPDEGRAFF. 215Bluetongue. HERALD R. Cox...................................................... 239Agitation-Aeration in the Laboratory and in Industry. R. K. FINN................ 254

Volume 19

No. 1, MARCH 1955*On Radicalism and Conservatism in Science. C. B. VANNIEL......................1Vesicular Exanthema of Swine. S. H. MADIN AND JACOB TRAUM.................... 6Symposium on Radiation Effects on Cells and Bacteria. ALBERT KELNER, W. DEXTER

BELLAMY, G. E. STAPLETON AND MAX R. ZELLE................................. 22Definitions of Bacterial Oxygen Relationships. RICHARD H. MCBEE, CARL LAMANNA,

AND OWEN B. WEEKS........................................................... 45

No. 2, JUNE 1955The Genera Leucothrix and Thiothrix. RUTH HAROLD AND R. Y. STANIER............ 49Some Contributions of Microbiology to Cancer Research. ERICH HIRSCHBERG....... 65Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Microorganisms. I. C. GUNSALUS, B. L.

HORECKER, AND W. A. WOOD ................................................... 79


Historical Review of the Literature on Q Fever. BERTTINA B. WENTWORTH.......... 129Bartonellaceae. D. PETERS AND R. WIGAND......................................... 150Statistical Concepts in Microbiology. ROEBERT L. STEARMAN....................... 160

No. 4, DECEMBER 1955*The Hybrid Bacteriologist. H. ORIN HALVORSON.................................. 217tPathways of Carbohydrate Degradation in Pseudomonas fluorescens. W. A. WOOD. 222Symposium on Electron Transport in the Metabolism of Microorganisms. WM. MANS-

FIELD CLARK, NATHAN 0. KAPLAN AND MARTIN D. KAMEN...................... 234Summaries of Symposia held at 55th General MeetingMicrobial Toxins. S. J. AJL et al................................................. 263

1958] CONTENTS 27

Applications of Ionizing Radiation to Food and Pharmaceutical Preservation. W.D. BELLAMY et al............................................................... 266

Taxonomy. Robert S. BREED et al............................................... 270Methodology for Salmonella in Food. G. M. DACK............................... 275Microbiology of the Rumen. R. E. HUNGATE .................................... 277Maintenance of Cultures of Microorganisms. D. PERLMAN et al................... 280Methods of Determining Bacterial Contamination on Surfaces. WILLIAM G.WALTER........................................................................ 284

Volume 20

No. 1, MARCH 1956

Immunological Problems in Paratuberculosis. BJORN SIGUmRDSSON.................. 1The Properties and Mode of Action of the Polymyxins. B. A. NEWTON.............. 14Site of Action of Radiopenicillin. P. D. COOPER................................... 28

No. 2, JUNE 1956

Current Status of Knowledge of Halophilic Bacteria. WILLIAM L. FLANNERY........ 49Localization of Enzymes in the Microbial Cell. MARTIN ALEXANDER................ 67Interaction between Phagocytes and Pathogenic Microorganisms. EMANUEL SUTER. 94

No. 3, SEPTEMBER 1956The Metabolism of the Penicillia in Relation to Penicillin Biosynthesis. H. R. V.

ARNSTEIN AND P. T. GRANT.................................................... 133The Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry of the Blue-Green Algae. G. E.

FOGO.......................................................................... 148Bacterial Hemagglutination and Hemolysis. ERWIN NETER......................... 166The Genus Cryptococcu8. RHODA W. BENHAM...................................... 189

No. 4, DECEMBER 1956*The Unfortunate Role of Precedent in Bacteriology. C. A. STUART................ 203The Chromatin Bodies of Bacteria. C. F. ROBINOW................................ 207The Calculation of Microbial Assays. C. I. Buss.................................. 243Summaries of Symposia Held at 56th General MeetingNew Aspects of Water Bacteriology. ELIZABETH COPE ........................... 259Petroleum Microbiology. J. B. DAVIS............................................ 261Analytical Microbiology. J. J. GAVIN............................................ 265Cellular Organization in Relation to Function. STUART MUDD.................... 268Enterobacteriaceae of Medical Significance. E. NETER............................ 272Problems in Taxonomy. C. S. PEDERSON......................................... 274Industrial Fermentations. E. C. SAUDEK......................................... 279Bacterial Pigments. R. P. WILLIAMS............................................. 282Microbial Amino Acid Metabolism. W. A. WOOD................................. 285

Volume 21No. 1, MARCE 1957

Species Concept among the Actinomycetes with Special Reference to the Genus Strep-tomyces. SELMAN A. WAsMAN................................................ 1

Adhesion of Foreign Particles to Particulate Antigens in the Presence of Antibody andComplement (Serological Adhesion). CARL LAMANNA........................... 30

The Mutual Effects of Antimicrobial Compounds and Metallic Cations. EUGENE D.WEINBERG................................................................. 46

No. 2, JUNE 1957Observations on Leucothrix mucor and Leucothrix cohaerene nov. sp. E. G. PRING-

SHEIM................................................................. 69The Properties of Lysozyme and its Action on Microorganisms. M. R. J. SALTON... 82


Some Aspects of Microbial Iron Metabolism. J. B. NEILANDS...................... 101Biochemistry of Spores of Aerobic Bacilli with special Reference to Germination.

HARLYN HALVORSON AND BROOKS CHURCH...................................... 112

No. 3, SEPTEMBER 1957tViruses, Genes, and Cells. JOSHUA LEDERBERG.................................... 133tContributions of Studies on the ,8-Galactosidase of Escherichia coli to our Understand-

ing of Enzyme Synthesis. MELVIN COHN....................................... 140Bacterial Permeases. GEORGES N. COHEN AND JACQUES MONOD..................... 169The Thiobacilli. WOLF VISHNIAC AND MELVIN SANTER............................. 195

No. 4, DECEMBER 1957*On the Sources of Nitrogen of Vegetation, Etc. P. W. WILSON .................... 215tProtoplasmic Differences between Mesophiles and Thermophiles. HENRY KOFFLER. 227Summaries of Symposia Held at 57th General MeetingProblems in the Microbiological Analysis of Foods. MILO DON APPLEMAN.......... 241Virus Diagnosis in the Public Health Laboratory. GORDON C. BROWN............ 245Microbial Aerosols and Respiratory Infections. LEROY D. FOTHERGILL ........... 249Antimicrobial Preservatives. THOMAS C. GRUBB................................. 251The Role of Cell Fragments in Metabolic Reactions. G. DAVID NOVELLI......... 255Preparation of Samples for Microbiological Assay. HELEN R. SKEGGS............ 257Bacterial Spore Germination. E. STATEN WYNNE ................................ 259

Synchronization of Cell Division. ALLAN CAMPBELL................................ 263Antimicrobial Factors of Normal Tissues and Fluids. ROBERT C. SKARNES AND

DENNIS W. WATSON............................................................ 273

Volume 22

No. 1, MARCH 1958The Significance of Marine Microbiology. E. J. FERGUSON WOOD................... 1Tissue Culture Nutrition. JOSEPH F. MORGAN..................................... 20The Extracellular Polysaccharides of Bacteria. J. F. WILKINSON ................... 46

No. 2, JUNE 1958Microbial Metabolism of Oxalic Acid. WILLIAM B. JAKOBY AND J. V. BHAT......... 75The Nutrition of Brucellae. PHILLIP GERHARDT.................................... 81Photoreactivation. JOHN JAGGER.................................................. 99


Evan Pugh-Forgotten Man of Biological Nitrogen Fixation. PERRY W. WILSON.... 143Soil Bacteria and Growth-Promoting Substances. A. G. LOCHHEAD................. 145Interrelations Between Microorganisms and Plant Roots in the Rhizosphere. ROBERT

L. STARKEY.................................................................... 154The Altered Reactivity of Mice After Inoculation With Bordetella pertussis Vaccine.

LEON S. KIND................................................................ 173Immunizing Constituents of the Tubercle Bacillus. ALFRED J. CROWLE ............. 183Microbiological Literacy. R. E. BUCHANAN........................................ 204

No. 4, DECEMBER 1958*Animal Cells and Microbiology. HARRY EAGLE.................................... 217tCellular Aspects of the Cell-Virus Relationship. W. WILBUR ACKERMANN........... 223Tuberculosis of Fish. THOMAS J. PARISOT.......................................... 240Quantitative Studies of Complement Fixation. ABRAHAM G. OSLER................ 246Index of Authors (1947-1958) ........................................................ 5Index of Subjects (1947-1958) ....................................................... 9Contents of Volumes 11-22.......................................................... 23


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