microbiology review
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Microbiology Review. EOG Review May 12-16. Microbe. Small organism you can only see with a microscope Ex. Virus, bacteria, protist , protozoa. Some microbes can be pathogens…. Pathogen: something that causes a disease Ex. Virus, bacteria, parasite - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Microbiology
ReviewEOG ReviewMay 12-16
Microbe• Small organism you can only see with
a microscope• Ex. Virus, bacteria, protist, protozoa
Some microbes can be pathogens…
• Pathogen: something that causes a disease
• Ex. Virus, bacteria, parasite
• Remember: Not all microbes can cause disease. There’s good bacteria, too!
Virus• Non-living pathogen• Does not need to eat• Needs a host cell to reproduce
• Prevention: VACCINE
• Treatment: Anti-viral meds (NOT antibiotics)
• Ex. Influenza, Common Cold (Rhinovirus), West Nile Virus, Ebola, HIV, Polio, Chicken Pox
Bacteria• Living pathogen• Prokaryote, single celled• Found EVERYWHERE!
• 3 Shapes: Rod, Round, Spiral
• Treatment: Antibiotics• Take all prescribed – or could
become RESISTANT!
Bacteria cont.• GOOD
1. Digestion
2. Help decompose
3. Bioremediation
4. Water Treatment
(break down sewage)
• BAD• Cause disease
Protist/Protozoa•Eukaryotic Cells
1. Paramecium – cilia (small hairs)
2. Amoeba – pseudopod (fake foot)
3. Volvox - colonies, flagella
4. Euglena – flagella (whip-like tail)
Fungi• Eukaryotic
• Feeds off other organism
• Treatment: antifungal meds
• Ex. Athletes foot, Ringworm, Yeast Infection
How Diseases Spread
•Vector: Organism that spreads disease
• Ex. Tick, mosquito, rat
How Diseases Spread
Epidemic• Outbreak of
disease in a community or region
• NOT over entire continent or world
Pandemic• World-wide
epidemic
• OR epidemic over whole continent
Genetic Modification• AKA Biotechnology
• Changing genes and DNA for other uses
• Ex. Cloning – identical copies using DNA
• Ex. Medicine – making vaccines• Ex. Agriculture – pest-resistant crops
CELLS
Cells
•All living things have cells•Prokaryotic: NO nucleus
(Pro=No)•Eukaryotic: YES nucleus
(Eu=Yes)
Organelle: Parts of a cell
• Nucleus: control center
• Mitochondria: makes energy, Cellular Respiration
• Cell Membrane: “gate keeper,” surrounds cell
• Chloroplast: photosynthesis, only in plant cells
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Takes place in chloroplast in plantsMakes food for plants, gives us oxygen
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight C6H12O6 + O2
Takes place in mitochondria in animalsMakes energy
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ENERGY
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Mitosis: Cell divides Makes 2 identical new cells
Helps replace old cells
Meiosis: Sex cell divides Makes 4 different gametes (sperm,
egg)
PMAT• Prophase: prepare
• Metaphase: middle
• Anaphase: away
• Telophase: two nuclei
• Cytokinesis: two cells
In Mitosis, this happens once.
In Meiosis, this happens TWICE!
Cancer
•Uncontrolled mitosis•Cells divide out of control•Caused by a mutation in
cell DNA