Microcontroller Review

CSE 678

Winter 2007

Freescale MC9S12DP256David Foster

• A lot of processing power for a very low price (in the miniDragon+ development board)• Many I/O pins along with many standard interfaces: SCI, SPI, PWM, timer module, A/D converter• Programmable in C and/or assembly with numerous textbook and online references• In the miniDragon+, a very small size for a development board

Freescale MC9S12DP256David Foster

• Speed – Very good: miniDragon allows 24 MHz bus speed, • Computing Capability – Very good: fuzzy logic unit, extended precision multiply and division instruction • Memory Space – Good: 12kB RAM, 256 (512) kB Flash• Cost – Great: ~$100 for development board• Power Usage – Average: roughly 325 mW max. at 24 MHz• Dev. Tools – Very good: Several as free downloads (some with code size restrictions), many online and printed resources• I/O – Great: relatively large I/O pin count, number of pins that can cause interrupts, PWM, SCI, SPI, A/D,…

Systronix JStamp+David Foster

• Programmable in Java with no need to look at assembly/byte code level• Free design tools with no inherent limits• Relatively large data and code space• Fair processing speed and I/O pin count• Small size for a development board, and the JStamp+ can be removed and used as a DIP module for a very small footprint easily built into prototypes.

Systronix JStamp+David Foster

Speed – Good: at 74 MHz, up to ~3,000,000 bytes codes per second Space – Great: 512kB RAM, 2 MB Flash Cost – Poor: ~$300 for development board Power Usage – Average: roughly 300 mW at 74 MHz Dev. Tools – Good: Several as free downloads, a few online references I/O – Fair: 22 I/O pins, PWM, SCI, SPI, I2C

TI C2000 DSP ChipsPeter Mahnken

• 60 – 150 MHz, 32-bit Processors • Low cost for a DSP chip.• Comes with Code Composer Studio, a very powerful IDE• Native support for Matlab and Simulink through Embedded Target for TI C2000 DSP toolbox and Link for Code Composer Studio• Able to run at 3.3V DC for battery operated applications. Built in low power mode

TI C2000 DSP ChipsPeter Mahnken

TMS320F2801 Variant:• Processor: 32-bit, 100 MHz• 12KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM• Up to 6 independent PWM Channels• Supports a variety of bus communications: SCI, SPI, CAN, etc• 16 channel, 8-bit A/D Converter• Cost: $11.25 @ 100 units• Development kit (with similar processor): $495.00 with USB communication and includes IDE, debugger, flasher, and compiler

Zilog NeoPeter Mahnken

• 16-bit, 20 MHz processors• 6 Channel Independent PWM for Motor/Servo Control• Built in IR Decoder/Encoder• Low cost for development kits• Up to 76 pins of GPIO (General Purpose I/O)

Zilog NeoPeter Mahnken

Z16F2811AL20 Variant:• Processor: 16-bit, 20 MHz• 4KB of RAM, 128 KB of ROM• Up to 6 independent PWM Channels• Supports a variety of bus communications: SCI, SPI, etc.• 12 channel, 10-bit A/D Converter• Cost: $8.65 @ 100 units• Development kit: $130.00 with USB communication and includes IDE, debugger, flasher, and compiler

68HC12Jon Cory

• Internal 768K Bytes EEPROM, 32K Flash, 1K Bytes SRAM• PWM outputs, TPU, and Internal A/D• Serial bus controllers (RS-232, CAN 2.0).• Vast amount of support and examples• Ease of Development

68HC12Jon Cory

Scoring: 1 (lowest) - 10 (highest)Metric 68HC12

Speed (Clock Freq/MIPS) 2Serial Interfaces 6

Size (e.g. 8 bit, 16 bit) 4Ease of development 6

Flexibility 3Features (e.g. A/D, PWM) 7

Support 7Power Consumption 4

Cost Efficiency 10Space Claim 4

Total 53

MicroBlazeJon Cory

• High Speed (100MHz)• 32 Bit Processing• Configurable I/O and functions• Well Supported (examples)• Space, Weight, and Power savings (implemented in the FPGA fabric)

MicroBlazeJon Cory

Scoring: 1 (lowest) - 10 (highest)Metric MicroBlaze

Speed (Clock Freq/MIPS) 6Serial Interfaces 2

Size (e.g. 8 bit, 16 bit) 8Ease of development 2

Flexibility 7Features (e.g. A/D, PWM) 3

Support 6Power Consumption 6

Cost Efficiency 10Space Claim 10

Total 60

Freescale HCS12 E256 Jason Mick

•Easy to program with C compilers•Compiled code is very compact and optimized•Widely used, widely available•Good at I/O: easily interfaces with motors and peripherals•Many training resources available online and offline•Reasonable power requirements•Relatively inexpensive compared to other processors•Flexible memory addressing, multiple modes•On chip debugging

•Compatible with miniIDE, a freeware assembly language HCS12 compiler and with CodeWarrior, a C language compiler for the HCS12, that has a free 30 day trial•16-Bit Microprocessor•40 nsec minimum instruction execution time•5 16-Bit registers, and 1 8-Bit Condition register•25 mA maximum current draw•2.97-5.5 Supply voltage required•On chip bandgap reference of 2.5 V•Interrupt structure supporting simultaneous interrupts•Two 1 channel Digital-To-Analog (DAC) Converters•One 16 channel Analog-To-Digital (ADC) Converter with 10 bit resolution•Three 4-Channel Timers•6-Channel Pulse Width Modulation•256 KB Flash EEProm•16 KB RAM•SPI and SCI interfaces•Up to 90 I/O lines with Drive Voltage of 5V•50 MHz Processor speed (max)•25 MHz Bus Speed•.5 to 16 MHz Resonating Crystal with PLL capability

Freescale HCS12 E256Jason Mick

MicroBlaze Softcore on Xilinx FPGAs Jason Mick

•Softcore for Xilinx FPGAs•Based on modern 32 bit architecture•Cutting edge•Utilizes GNU Compiler to compile code either in C or assembly•Floating point capability allows for more advanced math to be carried out in subroutines•Very Low power requirements when loaded onto 90 nm FPGA•Free! You only need to purchase the FPGA development board to load it on•Easily interfaces with coprocessors, such as video or math processors•Interrupt Capability•Processor has memory cache with user defined size•Can enter debug mode via signals to Xilinx Debug coprocessor, also free to download from Xilinx•More powerful processor, less output support (ADC, DAC, PWM, etc.)

•Compatible with GNU MicroBlaze C/Assembly compiler, Free•Based on 32-Bit Harvard RISC Architecture•Variable instruction time...each instruction takes a set number of cycles, but clock can be external and vary in speed.•Thirty-Two, 32-Bit General Purpose Registers•32-Bit instruction words with three operands and two addressing modes•32-Bit address Bus•Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)•Current varies with target FPGA•Most Xilinx FPGAs have 3 voltages- Core: 1.2V ; I/O: 3.3 V ; Auxilary: 2.5 V•Only supports 1 external interrupt•No built in ADC or DAC, but can FPGAs could be interfaced with ADC or DAC chips•No built in PWM•3-Cycle Optimized Multiply instruction•34-Cycle Hardware Optimized Integer divide instruction•2 kB to 64 kB data cache, size is user definable•Eight 32-Bit General Purpose Inputs•Eight 32-Bit General Purpose Inputs

MicroBlaze Softcore on Xilinx FPGAsJason Mick

Freescale HC12Aaron Harris

The HC12 family of microcontrollers are 16 bit processors with a decent amount of features for a relatively low cost. These processors started as an enhanced 16 bit version of the popular 8 bit HC11. They contain many of the modules you would expect from a microcontroller, such as SCI, SPI and CAN interfaces, an A2D module and a timer module. The HC12 is perfect for a system that is not overly complex yet still requires many different types of communication or control.

Freescale HC12Aaron Harris

(all numbers are for the MC9S12C32)• Clock rate : 8 Mhz• Flash space : 32 KB• RAM : 2 KB• SPI and SCI modules• CAN module• Timer module• Analog-to-Digital module• Relatively low cost• Many different tool sets due to widespread use

Freescale ColdFireAaron Harris

The ColdFire family of microcontrollers are 32 bit processors with extensive features. They are based on Motorola’s 68k architecture. Depending on requirements, there are ColdFire packages with many different modules available. Some of the modules include SCI, SPI and I2C, timer modules, CAN, A2D, USB, PCI and Ethernet. With clock rates that can reach 300 MHz, the ColdFire can be quite powerful for an embedded system. This microcontroller is good for a system that is complex and requires many of the different resources available in the ColdFire family.

Freescale ColdFireAaron Harris

(all numbers are for the MCF5282)• Clock rate : 64 MHz• Flash space : 512 KB• Ram : 64 KB• SPI, SCI and I2C modules• CAN module• Timer module• Analog-to-digital module• Ethernet module• Good value for its power and resources• Multiple toolsets available such as CodeWarrior

HCS12DP256 on Wytec Eval BoardJason Gorski

16-bit processor with a maximum clock frequency of 25 MHz Extensive I/O capabilities Support for floating point numbers and fuzzy control Extensive support from manufacturer and online forums Program in C and download to onboard flash using

Codewarrior IDE. Register based processor – A,B,X,Y,SP, PC Huge selection of development boards available in varying form

factors starting at about $100. External memory interfaces are available to increase program

space.

HCS12DP256 on Wytec Eval BoardJason Gorski

Power Directly Proportional to clock speed, about 2 mA per MHz @ 5V (250 mW at 24 MHz)

Memory 256K Flash, 12K Ram, 4K EEPROM (DP256 in single chip mode)

I/O 8-ch 16bit IC,OC,PA. up to 91 I/O, 2 SCI, 3 SPI, I2C, 16-ch 10bit A/D, 8-ch 8bit PWM

Appropriate for

Large systems that require a lot of external interfacing and little to moderate intelligence with moderate power consumption and low cost.

Systronix JStampJason Gorski

32-bit processor with a 73 MHz clock. Executes Java byte code natively w/ in-silicon RTOS

Programming in a high level language increases

development speed. Execution is streamlined as no JVM is required.

Large amount of internal memory allows for storage of large,

complex programs. Very little low level I/O, however high speed serial I/O is

available. Very few development platforms offered, high cost (although

increased capability) and limited support

Systronix JStamp

Power Unregulated 5-14 VDC45-300 mW power consumption

Memory 2 MB Flash, 512 KB SRAM

I/O 2 SCI, 1 SPI, 1 I2C, 1-wire, PWM, 22 pins of general I/O.

Appropriate for

Small to medium systems that require high intelligence with moderate power consumption and cost. Not a stand-alone solution for larger systems (requires external devices for low level interfacing).

Jason Gorski

Atmel AT91M55800AChia-yang Hung

•32-bit ARM 7 micro-controller for power-constraint devices •Good power management and low mW/MHz •Numerous peripherals: counters, UARTs, SPI, ADCs and DACs•Vectored-interrupts and Peripheral Data Controller (DMA-like)•ARM's memory and peripheral buses•Support from RTOSes: eCOS, Neucleus, and uC/OS-II•Development tools: IDEs and toolchains from ARM, Green Hills, and GNU; in-circuit emulators, etc.

Atmel AT91M55800A

Chia-yang Hung

Atmel AT91M55800A

Speed Fair:33 MHz max

Interrupts Good:Vectored Interrupt Controller

Peripherals Good:Numerous; counters / PWM, SPI , 3 UARTs, 8-ch ADC, 2-ch DAC

Power Management Better:Core voltage >= 2.7 VMultiple power modes (Normal, STDBY, etc)Individual Peripheral Clocks~216 mW @ 33 MHz

RTOS support Fair:Open-source eCOSuC/OS-IINeucleus, etc.; > 7

Development Tools Good:Arm Development Suite (trial), C/C++GNU tool chain

TI TMS320F2802Chia-yang Hung

• 32-bit Digital Signal Controller (DSC) from TI. •DSP core: better performer on signal-processing algorithms•Separate program and data buses: less contention in memory access. •Numerous peripherals:SCI, SPI, CAN, counters / timers, ADCs•Vectored interrupts and DMA-like transfer for I/O•Development tools: TI Code Composer Studio IDE and DSP / BIOS real-time kernel•Low core voltage (1.8 V)

TI TMS320F2802

Chia-yang Hung

TI TMS320F2802

Speed Good:66 MHz max, DSP MACs

Interrupts Good:Vectored Interrupts

Peripherals Better:Numerous; counters / PWM, SPI, I2C, SCI, CAN

Power Management Good:Low core voltage: 1.8 VMultiple power modes (Normal, STDBY, etc)Individual Peripheral Clocks~280 mW @ 33 MHz~400 mW @ 60 MHz

RTOS support Limited:TI’s DSP/BIOS kernel + ~4 3rd party systems

Development Tools Good:Code Composer Studio IDE, C/C++Hardware Breakpoint

MC68HC12Neeta Kulkarni

• MC68HC12 is a 16 bit microcontroller with on chip peripherals like flash EEPROM, RAM, EEPROM, advanced serial communication interfaces, PWM ,A/D converter.• It has 256Kbytes flash EEPROM and 4Kbytes EEPROM and thus has large program memory•PLL enables adjusted power consumption and performance to suit operational requirements • It has two 8 channel A/D converters and thus a number of sensors can be connected.• MC68HC12 has 8 PWM channels with programmable period and duty cycle• It has enhanced serial communication interfaces.

MC68HC12Neeta Kulkarni

Important parameters of the microcontroller:• High speed, large program and data memory, large number of I/O ports, A/D converter, PWM, power consumption, development tools.

Parameters of MC68HC12 :•Speed of operation can go up to 50 MHz.•It can operate in low power modes to minimize the power consumption. Modes are1.Stop mode2.Pseudo stop mode3.Wait mode• Various development tools are available. Mini IDE is commonly used.

PIC18F4620Neeta Kulkarni

• PIC18F4620 is a 8 bit microcontroller which gives high computational performance at economical price.

• It has on chip peripherals like flash EEPROM, RAM, enhanced addressable USART, programmable PWM, A/D channels.

• It has 64 Kbytes flash memory available as program memory

• It can be configured to give up to 4 PWM channels and thus a couple of motors or servos can be connected.

• PIC18F4620 has 13 A/D channels and thus a number of sensors can be connected.

• It has enhanced addressable USART supporting RS485, RS232.

PIC18F4620Neeta Kulkarni

• Important parameters of the microcontroller:• High speed, large program and data memory, large number of • I/O ports, A/D converter, PWM, power consumption,

development tools.

• Parameters of PIC18F4620 :• Speed of operation can go up to 40 MHz.• It offers seven operating modes for efficient power management.

The modes are categorized into run mode, idle mode and sleep mode.

• Various development tools are available. Microchip technology development tool MPLAB IDE is commonly used.

PIC 18F4680James Batcheler

• Minimal External Hardware

• Easy to Program

• Many Integrated Components

• 2.5V and 5.0V Models Available

• Tremendous Amount of Documentation Online

PIC 18F4680James Batcheler

•Nominal Voltage: 5.0V•Power Consumption: 33 ma @ 40 MHz• Development Tools: Single IDE with Integrated Bootloader• ADC: Integrated, 11-channel, 10-bit• CAN: Integrated ECAN module• Program Space: 64 KB• Data Space: 3.3 KB

BS2P40James Batcheler

• Fast Development Time

• No External Hardware

• Easy to Program & Use

BS2P40James Batcheler

•Nominal Voltage: 5.0V• Power Consumption: 40 ma @ 20 MHz• Development Tools: Single IDE with Integrated Bootloader• Program Space: 16 KB

Microchip PIC18F458Jason Beaudoin

• Cheap development board $38• Easy instruction set (75 instructions)• 4 PWM outputs• 8 channel A/D

Microchip PIC18F458Jason Beaudoin

• Speed: Up to 40 MHz, 10 MIPS• Power consumption: ~ 30 mA on 5.0V supply• Development tools: MPLAB IDE, Free, C compiler available• Support: ‘ticket’ Tech support and forums at microchip.com

NXP (Philips) LPC2148Jason Beaudoin

• 512 kB Flash• 32 kB SRAM (for a small frame buffer?)• Plenty of serial interfaces, including USB• 6 PWM outputs

Jason Beaudoin

• Speed: Up to 60 MHz• Power consumption: max 50 mA on 3.3V supply• Development tools: uLink+, Keil ARM development tools• Support: Online docs or thru distributor FAE

NXP (Philips) LPC2148

MC9S12DP256Kevin Van Sickle

• Powerful Feature SET • Already have Prototype board from other project• Available Code Warrior C compiler(crippled version free to use)• Available Free Unlimited GNU compiler with examples from Axiom Mfg.• Experience Programming this device from other class

MC9S12DP256Kevin Van Sickle

• 50 MHz capable• Sleep Mode and Internal oscillator for power saving• 7 micro Second 10 bit ATD.• Three SPI interface• Two SCI interface for RS232• More PWM and Capture Compare capability than MC9S08GT60• 16 bit• Controller Area Network • $15.49ea price on 1000+ quantity

MC9S08GT60Kevin Van Sickle

• Small Size• Through Hole SDIP pkg. available• Still Has Many advanced Features• Available Code Warrior C compiler (crippled version free to use)• Zigbee wireless design board possibly at hand.•Quantity price $3.65~$5.17

MC9S08GT60Kevin Van Sickle

• 40 MHz capable• Sleep Mode and Internal oscillator for power saving• 14 micro Second 10 bit ATD.• One SPI interface• Two SCI interface for RS232• Some PWM and Capture Compare capability• Low Price $3.65~$5.17 on 1000+ Quantity

dsPIC30F3010Tim Raabe

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The dsPIC is a great choice for motor controlling. It has dedicated motor control hardware, and is easy to set up to control many types of motors. A big benefit of Microchip devices is the free IDE and C compiler for students. Additionally, the development kit can control 48v motors at 2.2A. Along with motor control features, the dsPIC also has built in DSP functionality. This can allow more complex algorithms on a small, cheap 16bit micro.

dsPIC30F3010Tim Raabe

•40 MHz•6 10 bit ADCs•20 I/O pins• Cost

•Chip is extremely cheap•$5.00

•Development Kit (can drive Motors)•$129.99

•On chip Oscillator

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LM3S811 MicrocontrollerTim Raabe

The Luminary Micro seems like a good choice if a low cost 32 bit processor is needed. It actually has dedicated hardware for both multiplication and division, which should add speed over a 16 bit, or 32 bit processor which relies on software algorithms for both multiplication and division.

The evaluation board for this device is also very affordable, cheap enough that several could be used for controlling a single robot if needed.

LM3S811 MicrocontrollerTim Raabe

•50 MHZ•4 10bit ADC•4-32 IO Pins•Cheap

•$10 for chip•$49.99 for Evaluation Board

•32 bit ARM processor•64KB of Flash memory

HCS12 C32/DP256Terry Redman

dragonfly C32 module • Typically programmed using C or Assembly• Inexpensive - development board for about $100 or a dragonfly C32 module for about $40• Includes PWM Channels, Timer Channels, CAN Interface, SCI/SPI Ports, A/D Converters• Easy to use IDEs - Codewarrior, Cosmic, eGnu• Flash programmed with a BDM - Multilink or DragonBDM

(Note about DragonBDM, it needs serial monitor running and doesn't integrate with Codewarrior)

HCS12 C32/DP256Terry Redman

• Clock Speed - 4/24 MHz• RAM - 256 KBytes • I/O Pins - 91• Flash Memory - 256 KBytes• Power Consumption - 60mA @ 5V• Accessible Documentation - Good but not always easy to find what you’re looking for

DP256 Development Board

JStampTerry Redman

• Programmed using Java• Relatively inexpensive - development kit for about $300 or a JStamp module for about $100• Includes SPI Port, Serial Port, PWM• Add on modules for CAN Interface, RF, graphic LCD, and more• Uses common Java IDEs like Eclipse• Programmed and debugged using aJile development tools included with the JStamp development kit

JStampTerry Redman

• Clock Speed - 74 MHz• RAM - 512 KBytes • I/O Pins - 22• Flash Memory - 512 KBytes• Power Consumption - 61mA @ 5V• Accessible Documentation - Good

Freescale Coldfire 5282Paul Krasicky

• 32-bit Coldfire Architecture• 64kb on-chip RAM, 512kb on-chip Flash• 80 MHz clock speed available• Wide array of input/output capabilities

• CAN, SPI, UART, I2C, Ethernet• Good power management capabilities• Very popular in industry - widely supported• Low cost at high volume - ~$20• Development kits available for under $300

Freescale Coldfire 5282Paul Krasicky

• High marks in most relevant categories!• CPU speed – powerful enough for most embedded apps• I/O – wide variety of I/O, among best in industry• Support availability – very high• Cost – medium, good costs for 32-bit processor• Availability – easy to find

• Little in the way of on-chip RAM

Freescale PowerPC MPC5553Paul Krasicky

• 32-bit PowerPC architecture• 1.5Mb on-chip Flash• 200 MHz clock speed available• Wide array of input/output capabilities

• CAN, SPI, UART, Ethernet• No power management capabilities• Very new – not widely available• Pricing info not widely available yet

Freescale PowerPC MPC5553Paul Krasicky

• High performance, higher cost, low availability• CPU speed – very powerful!• I/O – wide variety of I/O, two CAN busses, tons of GPIO• Support availability – decent• Cost – high cost for 32-bit processor• Availability – hard to find

• Little in the way of on-chip RAM