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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

By Demisew T. And Yeshitila H.

Microcontrollers and itsApplications Training

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Outline of the Training

Lecture 1: Introduction (2hours)

Lecture 2: Programming Microcontrollers(2hours)

Lecture 3: PIC16!""AMicrocontroller (3hours)

Lecture #: $%amples (At least &e%amples) and it ma' tae # or & da's

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Introduction

• 

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Introduction

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

•Don’t forget basic logic gates. They are still important

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

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• SFRs: are registers whose function are predetermined by the manufacturer.

Their bits are connected (literally) to internal circuits of the microcontroller

such as timers, A/D converter, oscillators and others, which means that they

are directly in command of the operation of these circuits

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• One of important specifications of input/output (I/O) pins isthe maximum

current they can handle.

• For most microcontrollers, current obtained from one pin is sufficient to activate

an LED or some other low-current device (10-20 mA).

• The more I/O pins, the lower maximum current of one pin; the maximum current

stated in the data specifications sheet for the microprocessor is shared across all I/O

 ports

• Each I/O port is usually under control of the specialized SFR, which means that

each bit of that register determines the state of the corresponding microcontroller

 pin.

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

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* $rasa+le Programma+le ,-M (* $P,-M):

 The window enables data to be erased under strong

ultraviolet light. After a few minutes it is possible to

download a new program into it. Price is high and

not recommended.

lash Memor':

 can be written and cleared practically an unlimited number of

times.

Ideal for learning e!perimentation and small"scale production.

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RAM:used for temporary storing data and intermediate results created and

used during the operation of the microcontroller.

 All none constant variables are stored in RAM.

Once the power supply is off the contents of RAM is cleared.

EEPROM:The contents of EEPROM may be changed during operation

(similar to RAM), but remains permanently saved even after the loss of power

(similar to ROM).

EEPROM is often used to store values, created during operation, which mustbe permanently saved.

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology Schoolof Electrical and Computer Engineering

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-.CILLAT-,• Even pulses generated by the oscillator enable harmonic

and synchronous operation of all circuits within themicrocontroller.

•The oscillator is usually congured so as to use quartzcrystal or ceramic resonator for frequency stability, but itcan also operate as a stand-alone circuit (lie !" oscillator#.

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Must know details

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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A/0 conerter:• is used to convert an analog signal, such as

voltage, to digital form so a microcontroller canread and process it.

• $ome microcontrollers have built-in %&'converters. Eternal %&' converter can also beconnected to any type of microcontroller.

•  %&' converters are usually ) to *+ bits, having to *+/ quantization levels.

•  %&' converters are especially useful in control andmonitoring applications, since most sensors (e.g.,temperature sensors, pressure sensors, forcesensors, etc.# produce analog output voltages.

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the bus is overloaded andcommunication is very slow andine$cient.

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Hawassa University, Institute of Technology School

of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Commonly used Microcontrollers

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of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Commonly used Microcontrollers

Microchip Technolog':

• 0icrochip produces microcontrollers with three very di1erentarchitectures2• )-bit ()-bit data bus# 34"micro, with a single accumulator () bits#2•

PI%&' and PI%&() &("bit instruction words• PI%&* series) &+"bit instruction words one address pointer ,-indirectregister pair-

• PI%&/ series) &*"bit instruction words three address pointers,-indirect register pairs-

• *-bit (*-bit data bus# microcontrollers, with * general-purpose

registers (each *-bit#• PI%(+) (+"bit instruction words• dsPI%) based on PI%(+ plus D0P functions such as a single"cycle

1A% ,multiply2accumulate into two +'"bit accumulators.• 5-bit (5-bit data bus# microcontrollers2• PI%3(14 series) 3("bit instructions uses the 1IP0 architecture

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$nd o lecture 1