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Micropollutants in municipal wastewater: removal strategy in Switzerland

Geneva, 5.5.2017

Dr. Pascal Wunderlin VSA-Platform «Process Engineering Micropollutants»

Municipal wastewater treatment: Situation in Switzerland

2

Population connected to WWTP 97 % of population is connected 1 % can additionally be connected 2 % not reasonable – (very) rural areas (e.g. septic tanks)

Wastewater treatment 34% of waste water is treated with N-elimination 36% is treated with nitrification/partial N-elimination 30% is treated with BOD-elimination (decreasing)

Elimination of micropollutants by state-of-the art WWTP is not sufficient (additional treatment required)

Why is an additional treatment required?

Anzahl Überschreitungen von Qualitätskriterien unterhalb ARA

Anteil gereinigtes Abwasser in grossen und mittleren Fliessgewässern

Pollution of drinking water ressources

Increasing pressure on water bodies: Increase of

population (and -density)

Increasing use/application of chemicals

Climate change (more «low water» situations less dilution)

Abe

ggle

n, C

. und

Sie

gris

t, H

. (20

12)

Frequency of exeeding environmental quality standards

Share of wastewater in mittle and big rivers

Negative effects on ecosystems

4

Several projects showed that endocrine disruptive substances have negative impacts on fish reproduction (NFP50, «Fischnetz», etc.)

Project «Strategy Micropoll» (2006-2012) by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) » Wastewater treatment plant effluent are significant

sources of micropollutants » Selected wastewater treatment plants have to be

upgraded » Activated carbon and ozone eliminates a broad range of

micropollutants (technical feasible and affordable) » Biotests confirmed a significant improvement of water

quality

The way to micropollutant elimination….

5

Several projects showed that endocrine disruptive substances have negative impacts on fish reproduction (NFP50, «Fischnetz», etc.)

Project «Strategy Micropoll» (2006-2012) by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) » Wastewater treatment plant effluent are significant

sources of micropollutants » Selected wastewater treatment plants have to be

upgraded » Activated carbon and ozone eliminates a broad range of

micropollutants (technical feasible and affordable) » Biotests confirmed a significant improvement of water

quality

The way to micropollutant elimination….

Adaption of Water Protection Act and Water Protection Ordinance (in force since 1.1.2016)

Political process over 10 years Involvement of stakeholders (broad

acceptance) Public consultations showed that

most stakeholders agreed on technical measures at WWTPs

Upgrading of SELECTED municipal WWTPs (Anhang 3.1, Kap. 2, Nr. 8 Water Protection Ordinance)

Protection of sensitive water bodies WWTPs > 8’000 persons discharging into strechtes with inadequate dilution (> 10% share of wastewater)

Protection of drinking water resources WWTPs > 24’000 persons discharging into lakes

Load-reduction + «Up-stream» responsability Large WWTPs (> 80’000 persons)

6

Upgrading of SELECTED municipal WWTPs (Anhang 3.1, Kap. 2, Nr. 8 Water Protection Ordinance)

Protection of sensitive water bodies WWTPs > 8’000 persons discharging into strechtes with inadequate dilution (> 10% share of wastewater)

Protection of drinking water resources WWTPs > 24’000 persons discharging into lakes

Load-reduction + «Up-stream» responsability Large WWTPs (> 80’000 persons)

7

About 50% of WW will be treated Total investment costs of about

1.2 billion Euros (~8 Euro per person and year; ~ )

Implementation till 2040

X # national FUND

Calculation basis

Who is paying?

Dutiable (money into fund)

Central municipal WWTP

8 Slide: D. Dominguez, FOEN

75% of initial investment costs +

exemption from charge (due to higher

operation costs)

Ozonreactor

Oxygen tank

(Quelle: www.neugut.ch)

First full-scale ozonation of municipal wastewater in Switzerland

Wastewater treatment plant Bachwis, Herisau First Swiss plant with activated carbon step

Picture: H. Messmer, August 2015

PAC treatment

Process selection: What to be consider?

11

???

Catchment area?

WWTP?

Ozonation Activated carbon

Wastewater composition?

Abb

ildun

gen:

Ch.

Ort,

Eaw

ag

Situation receiving water?

Herisau PAC +Sedimentation +Filtration In operation

Neugut O3 + Sandfilter In Operation

Werdhölzli O3 (+Sandfilter existing) Construction

Ober-wynental O3 + Sandfilter Construction

Stand: October 2016

Ongoing projects in Switzerland

Wetzikon PAK into Biology Planning

Bassersdorf O3 + Sandfilter Construction

Schönau-Cham PAC on Sandfilter Planning

ProRheno O3 + PAC Planning

Altenrhein O3+GAC Planning

Vidy O3+PAC (Pulsagreen) +Sandfilter Planning

Thunersee PAC +Sedimentation +Filtration Constuction

Porrentruy O3 +Sandfilter Planning

Kloten Opfikon O3 + Sandfilter Planning

Niederglatt - Fischbach O3 + Sandfilter Planning

Morgental (+Hofen) O3 + Sandfilter Planning

pascal.wunderlin@vsa.ch

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR

ATTENTION

WWW.MICROPOLL.CH

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