microscope
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to the Microscope
CarePartsFocusing
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• Always carry with 2 hands
• Only use lens paper for cleaning
• Do not force knobs
• Always store covered
• Keep objects clear of desk and cords
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• Place the Slide on the Microscope
• Use Stage Clips • Click Nosepiece to the lowest
(shortest) setting• Look into the Eyepiece• Use the Coarse Focus
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• Follow steps to focus using low power
• Click the nosepiece to the longest objective
• Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob
• Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide
What can you find on your slide?
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• Simple
• Compound
• Stereoscopic
• Electron
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Simple Microscope
• Similar to a magnifying glass and has only one lense.
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Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and then through two or more lenses.
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Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an object. (Examples: insects and leaves)
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Electron Microscope
• Uses a magnetic field to bend beams of electrons; instead of using lenses to bend beams of light.
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A Lense
• Enlarges an image and bends the light toward your eye.
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Eyepiece Lense
Usually has a power of 10 x
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Eyepiece Lense
X
Objective Lense
=
Total Magnification
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Low Power = 4 x
Medium Power = 10 x
High Power = 40 x
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF MICROSCOPE
•OPTICAL
•ELECTRON
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OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
• MAGNIFICATION POWER IS LIMITED BY THE SMALLEST WAVE LENGTH ( 4000 ANGSTROMS)
• 1 ANGSTROM= 1 X 10-10 m.
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•ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK-
•Invented the first optical microscope
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
• USES ELCTRON TO LIGHT AN OBJECT. THIS TYPE OF MICROSCOPE CAN RSOLVE MUCH SMALLER OBJECTS DOWN TO A WAVELENGHT OF 0.5 ANGSTROM
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LOUIS DE BROGLIE
• DEVELOPED ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
• TOGETHER WITH GEORGE THOMSON
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ERNST RUSKA
• MADE THE FIRST CRUDE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE .
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TYPES OF OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
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• 1. SIMPLE MICROSCOPE–TH SIMPLEST FORM OF
MICROSCOPE WHICH CONSISTS OF ONE DOUBLE CONVS LENS WITH A SHORT FOCAL LENGTH . THE LENS IS CAPABEL OG MAGNIFYING AN OBJECT FROM 15 X TO 2000X
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COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
• USES VISIBLE LIGHT TO PRODUCE A MAGNIFID IMAGE OF AN OBJECT
• COMPOSED OF OBJECTIVE LENS AND OCULAR LENS.
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SPECIAL PURPOSE OF OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
• STEOREOSCOPIC M ICROSCOPE–PRODUCES A 3-
DIMENSIONAL IMAGE THAT HAS ITS RIGHT SIDE UP
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ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPE
• USES ULTRAVIOLET Wavelength OF THE SPECTRUM INSTAD OF VISIBLE WAVELENGTH.
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PETROGRAPHIC MICROSCOPE
• USED TO IDENTIFY AND ESTIMATE THE MINERAL CONTENT OF IGNEOUS AND MTAMORPHIC ROCKS.
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DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE
• USES LIGHTING IN THE FORM OF A HOLLOW INTENSE CONE OF LIGHT CONCENTRATD ON TH SPECIMEN.
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TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
• 1. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
- USING ELECTRONS TO MAGNIFY OBJECTS.
- 100000 UP TO A MILLION TIMES.
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TRANSMISSION ELECTRON M ICROSCOPE
•CAPABLE UP TO 1 MILLION TIMES MAGNIFICATION
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Eyepiece
Body Tube
Revolving NosepieceArm
Objective Lens
StageStage Clips
Coarse Focus
Fine Focus
Base
Diaphragm
Light
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Microscope
One or more lense that makes an enlarged image of an object.
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STAND•MADE OF HEAVY FOOT AND A HORSE- SHOE SHAPED BASE THAT SUPPORTS THE MICROSCOPE
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BODY TUBE• CYLINDRICAL PART
WHERE THE LENSES ARE ATTACHED AND CAN BE RAISED OR LOWERED FOR BETTER FOCUSING.
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COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
• THIS IS DONE AFTR THE OBJECTIVE LENS IS LOWERE NEAR THE OBJECT.
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FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB
•FOR FURTHER FOCUSING OF AN OBJECT
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STAGE
• A PLATFORM WITH AN OPENING TO LET THE LIGHT PASS WHERE THE SPECIMEN IN A GLASS SLID IS PLACED.
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STAGE CLIPS
•KEEP THE GLASS SLIDE IN PLACE SO THAT IT WILL NOT MOVE.
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ARM•CONNECTS THE BAS AND STAGE WITH THE TUBE
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OPTICAL PARTS
•1. DRAW TUBE
•- HOLDS THE EYEPIECE
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EYEPIECE
• LOCATED AT THE TOP OF THE BODY TUBE. IT IS THE PART WHER YOU PEEP DURING AN OBSERVATION
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OBJECTIVES
•LENS LOCATED NEAR TH OBJCT MAGNIFIS UP TO 90 X
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• 4X- LOW POWRED
• 10 X- MEDIUM POWERED
• 40 X- HIGHPOWERED
• 100X- OIL IMMERSION
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REVOLVING NOSE PIECE
LOCATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE BODY TUBE WHICH CARRIES THE MAGNIFYING LENSES OBJECTIVES
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MIRROR
• USED TO FOCUS RAYS OF THE LIGHT SOURCE TOWARD THE OBJECT
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DIAPHRAGM
•CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT NTRS TH STAGE OPENING
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CONDENSER LENS
• USED TO FURTHER CONTROL THE LIGHT AS NEEDED.
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•OTHER TOOLS USED IN SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS
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AUTOCLAVE• LIKE AN OVEN USED
TO STRELIZE CONTAINERS , INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER MATRIALS USED IN EXPERIMENT
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CENTRIFUGE• A MACHINE USED TO SEPARATE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
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•IT ROTATES VERY FAST AND BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE THE SOLIDS ARE EITHER PRECIPITATED OR SEPARATED FROM THE MIXTURE
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COMPUTER• THIS IS AN INDESPENSABLE
TOOL IN ANY RESEARCH. IT CAN STORE DATA, ACQUIR INFORMATION FAST VIA INTERNET, MAKS INTRPRETS GRAPHS VERY FAST
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SPECTROPHOTOMETER
• SPECTROMETER- PRODUCE LIGHT OF ANY COLOR
• PHOTOMETER- MEASURES INTNSITY OF LIGHT