microsoft power point - the fundamentals of a hydrocarbon rservoir

8/9/2019 Microsoft Power Point - The Fundamentals of a Hydrocarbon Rservoir

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Friday, July 23, 2010UCSI University


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Introduction

Whats a Reservoir

Reservoir Geology

Reservoir Drive Mechanisms

Summary



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One of the essential prerequisites for a

commercial accumulation of hydrocarbons is theexistence of a reservoir.

traps formed by structural and /or stratigraphic

features.

Fortunately they usually occur in the moreporous and permeable portions of beds.



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A petroleum reservoir

is a subsurface pool ofhydrocarbons

contained in porous or

fractured rockformations.

Reservoir rocks

include:

Sandstone, Carbonate

and/ or Limestone.A typical Reservoir Scenario



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Organic- rich source rock

Level of thermal maturation

A reservoir with orosit to contain the

oil and permeability , to permit fluid flow

Structural trap

Seal/ impermeable cap rock



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Three parameters broadly define the

reservoir geology of a field:

De ositional environment

Structure / Subsurface Architecture.

Diagenesis / Post- depositional processes



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General hydrocarbon phase behaviour:

A phase is any homogeneous and physically

distinct region that is separated from another

.

Variation of pressure & temperature causes

change of composition and phase.

Reservoir fluids are used to predict fluid

behaviour during production.



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Phase behaviour

describes thephase or phases in

which a mass of

fluid exists atgiven conditions of

pressure, volume

and temperature(PVT).



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Oil


Temperature

Pressure

Gas

Oil + Gas


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Np = A * h * * *

Gp = A



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Collection of representative reservoir fluid samplesis important in order to establish the PVT

properties.

Temperature and pressure changes influence

phases.

Sampling Methods: separator surface sampling

Bottomhole sampling

Analysis Methods: PVT analysis



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Formation volume factor: Bg, Bo, Bw

(volres)Density

Com ressibilit

Viscosity

Solution Gas-Oil Ratio

Ideal gas law: pV = nRT

Real gas law: pV = znRT



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Reservoirs are classified according to the type of

producing mechanism that will dominate the

producing life of the field.

Four parameters are plotted and monitored to

e p en y e r ve mec an sm:

Reservoir pressure

Oil production Rate

Gas-Oil ratio Water production rate



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Depletion Drive (solution- gas drive)

principal source of energy is the expansion of gas .

Gas Cap Drive

This reservoir has a free as ca in the reservoir

Water Drive Reservoir

As oil is produced from the oil column, water

encroaches into the reservoir by expansion replacing

the withdrawals.

Artificial Lift and Enhanced Recovery



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Schematic diagram of most commonly used downhole pumps for

Artificial Lift.


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microsoft power point - the fundamentals of a hydrocarbon rservoir

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