microwave photonic technologies for flexible satellite ...€¦ · optical handling of microwave...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia SpaceEuropean Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite Telecom Payloads
M. Sotom, B. Bénazet, A. Le Kernec , M. Maignan
![Page 2: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 2
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Contents
� Introduction
� Telecom satellites and payloads
� Optical handling of microwave signals
■ Optical distribution of local oscillators
■ Optical frequency conversion
� Examples of Opto-microwave telecom payload
■ Flexible payload
■ Photonic antenna subsystems
� Conclusion
![Page 3: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 3
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Introduction
What is a space system ?
� A Space System is composed of- a space segment: one or several satellites- a launcher- a ground segment: Mission and Satellite Control Center(s)
� The Satellite is composed of- a Payload which supports the functionalities of the mission
- a Platform which supports and operates the Payload (powering, pointing, thermal management, telemetry / telecommand …)
� The Telecom payload is composed of- antenna sub-system - repeater sub-system
What are the main challenges ?� Cost � Reliability : 15 years in orbit (130 000 hours)� Mass� Harsh space environment: thermal, vacuum,
radiation, vibration & shock (launch)
![Page 4: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 4
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Conventional telecom missions
� Global (or a few) coverage
� Fixed routing from uplink to downlink
accesses
� Transparent RF payloads
■ Mostly C (6/4 GHz) , Ku (14/12 GHz)
bands
■ Capacity: some Gbps
■ “bent-pipe” repeater concept
■ Low noise amplification
■ Frequency conversion
■ Demultiplexing / Filtering
■ High-power amplification
7.5°
Telecom satellites & payloads
![Page 5: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 5
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Future broadband telecom missions
� Evolution driven by Multimedia / IP
� interactivity in broadcast systems
� bidirectional links: gateways/users & users/users
� Bandwidth increase & lower “transmitted bit” cost
■ migration to Ka-band (30 GHz / 20 GHz)
� New generation of high-directivity, multi-beam
antennas
■ cellular coverage with frequency reuse
■ > 100 spots for global coverage
� Flexible payloads required
■ on-board switching for flexible beam-to-beam
connectivity
■ versatile and transparent solutions (15-years) 0.4 – 0.6°
Telecom satellites & payloads
![Page 6: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 6
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Future broadband telecom payloads
� flexible, complex payloads : coverage, connectivity, frequency plan, bandwidth allocation …
� > 100 RF channels (10’s of MHz) over 10’s of antenna beams
� critical requirements in terms of mass, volume & power consumption
� future-proof solutions = transparent payloads (analogue or digital)
HPALNA
Reference/ Master LO/ Synt. LO
Analogue payload
Analogue Processor
(filters&
switches)
30/IF DoCon IF/20 UpCon ADC HPALNA
Digital payload
Digital Signal
Processor 30/IF DoCon IF/20 UpConDAC
Reference/ Master LO/ Synt. LO
Telecom satellites & payloads
![Page 7: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 7
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
➼
Analogue repeater
AntennaDigital processor
➼
➼
APPLICATION
SIGNAL HANDLING FUNCTION
Reference / LO distribution
Frequency mixing
Fast sampling
Amplitude / phase control
➼
➼ ➼
➼
LO generation ➼
➼Signal distribution & switching
➼
Photonic technologies
Potentials of photonic & µ-wave photonic technologies
� low mass and small size
� broad bandwidth
� RF isolation, suppression of EMC/EMI issues
� transparency to RF frequency
� multiplexing (WDM)
On-board applications
� LO delivery
� frequency mixing
� RF signal routing
� hi-throughput digital interconnects
…
![Page 8: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 8
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Optical LO distribution
� optical LO source
■ SC laser modulation (MHz to GHz)
■ laser + EO modulator @ high frequency
� SMF splitters, tree-like optical network
Applications : all (analogue/digital) payloads� mass savings, small size
� RF isolation, EMI free
� broad bandwidth, scalability …
Major achievements
� Optical distribution of USRO @ 10 MHz and MLO @ 800 MHz
� LO optical generation & distribution @ > 20GHz Double Side-Band with Carrier Suppression (DSB-CS)
RF in RF out
x N
LO
UpCon BB/IF UpCon
x N
LODigital processor
DoCon DoCon IF/BB
USROUSRO MLOMLO
splitter splittersplitter splitter
Microwave photonic building blocks
20 GHz20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz20 GHz20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz
Microwave input Optical outputMicrowave input Optical output
![Page 9: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 9
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Photonic RF frequency mixing
� based on mixing properties of Mach-Zehnder Electro-Optical Modulator
� together with bandpass O/E Rx, centred @ IF
� demonstrated with high IF/LO & IF/RF isolation
� RF gain & NF ~ compatible with overall design > low-drive, low-loss EO modulator
ω IF = ω RF - ω LOEOM EOM ω RF
ω LO
O/E O/E
PhotonicLO
EOM : electro-optical mixerO/E : opto-electronic receiver
-25 dBc< -30 dBc
LORF
IF
-25 dBc< -30 dBc
LORF
IF
Microwave photonic building blocks
![Page 10: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 10
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
MWP repeater concept (ESA project)
� RF amplification and filtering
� optical distribution of centralised LO’s
� optical (multiple) frequency-conversion
� optical X-connection of µ-wave channels
Merits
� flexible beam-to-beam connectivity
� broadband, frequency-independent design
� scalable to large sizes
� low mass & volume, power consumption
Flexible MW photonic repeater
LNA EOM
O/E
O/EO/E
O/E
O/E
O/E
HPA
Rx section Tx section
Rx
ante
nnas
Tx
ante
nnas
LNA : low-noise amplifierEOM : electro-optical mixerHPA : high-power amplifierLO LO
Multiple optical LO ’s
OpticalCrossconnect
![Page 11: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 11
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Breadboard repeater demonstrator (ESA project)
� sub-populated, yet representative of full-scale repeater
system
� Ka-band (30 to 4 GHz)
Flexible MW photonic repeater
➀ Microwave Photonic LO source
➁ Photonic frequency-mixer
➂ 4x4 MEMS-based optical cross-connect
➃ Microwave opto-electronic receivers
![Page 12: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 12
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Large, 3D Optical MEMS switches (ESA project)� partnership with SERCALO (CH) : to develop a 50x50 switch demo
� array of I/O fibres and collimators, array of (MEMS) micro-mirrors with 3D steering� complexity grows as 2.N, can grow to large scales (> 100x100)� configurable as asymmetric matrices
Flexible MW photonic repeater
![Page 13: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 13
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Optical Multi-frequency Conversion (OMC) (ESA project)
� Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM)
of multiple microwave photonic LO’s
� mixing an RF signal with multiple LO’s
in electro-optical modulator
� wavelength de-multiplexing
� conversion to multiple IF signals
� applications to payload sub-systems
■ routing w/ frequency-slot interchange
■ routing w/ frequency band interchange
■ sub-band demultipexing
IF1 IF2 IF3
3 LO2 LO1
RFIF1 IF2
LO LO2 LO1
RFIF1 IF2 IF3
3 LO2 LO1
RFIF1 IF2
LO LO2 LO1
RF
Flexible MW photonic repeater
LNA : low-noise amplifierEOM : electro-optical mixerLO : local oscillatorWDM : wavelength (de)multiplexerO/E : optoelectronic receiver
O/EO/ELNA
LO3LO1 LO2
ωIF1 = ωRF – ωLO1
ωRF
ωLO1
O/EO/E
O/EO/E
ωIF2 = ωRF – ωLO2
ωIF3 = ωRF – ωLO3
EOM
ωLO2 ωLO3
W D M
WDM
![Page 14: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 14
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Optical Multi-frequency Conversion (ESA project)
� Ka (30 GHz) to C (4 GHz) down-conversion
� with 2 LO’s, respectively @ 26.00 and 26.04 GHz
� conversion to 2 IF signals with frequency shift
� > 70 dB isolation between IF1 & IF2 signals
� no unwanted mixing products
IF2 @ 3.96 GHzIF1 @ 4 GHz
2nm ~ 250GHz2nm ~ 250GHz
Flexible MW photonic repeater
![Page 15: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 15
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Microwave photonic front-end for advanced antennas (CNES project)
� optical LO distribution � frequency-conversion and IF remoting
Applications to multibeam receive antenna
� e.g. FAFR receive antenna� with Digital Beam-Forming
� critical requirements on size, mass and dissipation at the antenna element
Major achievements
� Optical front-end architecture study■ optical LO distribution @ 29 GHz■ Ka/L frequency down-conversion
■ optical receiver with ADC� Proof-of-concept & performance
assessment
LNA
Optical LO generation & distribution
EOM
EOM : electro-optical mixerO/E : opto-electronic detectorADC : Analogue to digital
converter
O/E O/E ADC
O/E O/E ADC
Digital Beam-forming
Processor
LNA
Optical LO generation & distribution
EOM
EOM : electro-optical mixerO/E : opto-electronic detectorADC : Analogue to digital
converter
O/E O/E ADC
O/E O/E ADC
Digital Beam-forming
Processor
Optical MixerLO
block
LO ControlMixer Control
MW photonic antenna sub-systems
![Page 16: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 16
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Conclusions
Photonic and µ-wave photonic technologies in future telecom payloads
� for enhancing conventional implementations (mass, density, isolation …)
� as enabling technologies for advanced subsystem concepts
Photonic and µ-wave photonic building blocks
� optical distribution of reference / master oscillators
� optical generation & distribution of high frequency LO’s
� optical frequency-conversion
� optical distribution cross-connection of µW signals
� high throughput digital interconnects...
Proof-of concept demos have confirmed feasibility of sub-systems and proved good RF performance
Further work to improve performance AND integration , bring techn ology to higher maturity level, and prepare validation in on-orbit technology demos
![Page 17: Microwave Photonic Technologies for Flexible Satellite ...€¦ · Optical handling of microwave signals Optical distribution of local oscillators Optical frequency conversion Examples](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022041108/5f0b2f8e7e708231d42f4552/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
All rights reserved, 2007, Thales Alenia Space24/09/2009
Page 17
European Conference on Optical Communication, Sept. 2 0 – 24, 2009, Vienna, Austria
Acknowledgements
� These works have been performed in the frame of ESA ARTES 5 projectsand CNES projects
� The authors would like to thank their partners of these projects
� The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency and the French Space Agency (CNES) for their support during these projects
THANK YOU