microworlds christi cahoon activity by activity. table of contents – observing a penny – peanut...

Microworlds

Christi Cahoon

Activity by Activity

Table of Contents

– Observing a penny– Peanut Babies– Fabric Observations– Learning about Lenses– Looking through Lenses*– Learning to Use the

Microscope*– Field of View

– Mystery Specimen– Plant and animals cells*– Onion Activity*– Volvox– Blepharisma– Vinegar Eels– Hay Infusions

Observing A Penny

BEFORE: Heads Tails

O OAfter one minute: Heads Tails

O O

Observing A Penny

QUESTION: What could we do to help us see the details of the penny better?

PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS: To help us see the details of the penny better, we could…

MATERIALS: penny, hand lens, journal

PLAN: 1. Use hand lens to observe the penny.2. Draw a magnified picture of the penny.

Observing A Penny

DATA: heads tails

O O

CONCLUSION: In complete sentences, show me what you learned today.

NEW QUESTION: Write one or two questions that you have now.

Observing a Penny, Vocabulary

Vocabulary - add these terms to the glossary in the back of your lab notebook

Observation -the gathering of information.

Magnify -To enlarge in fact or in appearance.

Illustration - An example or instance that helps make something clear

Abrasive - A substance for smoothing

Image - A likeness or imitation of a person or thing

Eroded - To diminish or destroy

Observing A Penny, Content/Inquiry

What are some characteristics found on a penny that you would find on other coins?

Date, faces, buildings, “In God We Trust”, E-Pluribus Unum What does E-Pluribus Unum mean, and what language is it?

“One from Many” LatinWhy did you use the magnifying glass on the penny?

To see small items, look for detailsHow does the smaller magnifier differ from the larger magnifier?

The smaller one magnifies more detail, than the larger one

Communicating Your Observations

QUESTION: How can we use our sense of sight to become a better scientist?

PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS: Using our sense of sight, we will become better scientists by…

MATERIALS: journal, screen wire, burlap, yarn, pencil shavings


PLAN:

1. Use the hand lens to observe the yarn, burlap, screen wire and pencil shavings.

2. Draw a magnified picture of each object.

3. List the observable properties of each object.


DATA:Pencil shavings Burlap

O O Screen wire Yarn

O O

Communicating Your Observations, Vocabulary

Manipulate – To manage or use skillfully

Texture – The visual surface characteristics and appearance of something

Variations – Extent of change or difference

Enlarge – Make or grow large

Welded – To unite by heating or pushing

Frayed – Worn ragged

Communicating Your Observations, Content/Inquiry

What happened to the materials when they were manipulated? Able to make an accurate observation of the item not an inference.

Why is it important to just draw a small area?The more details you will observe.

Why did you see hairs on the burlap and yarn?Burlap and yarn are made out of tiny hairs woven together.

Which would be more similar to denim – the screen or the burlap?Burlap

What variations did you observe?Burlap is woven tighter and is woven in an up and down pattern. The screen wire is also woven with the same pattern but not as tight. The yarn is twisted in a circular motion, not very tight.

How many pieces of threads are woven together to make a piece of yarn?3 small strings inter-twined

Learning about Lenses

QUESTION: What properties allow a lens to magnify?

PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS: Lenses are able to magnify because…

MATERIALS: water bottle, wax paper, cube, sphere, cylinder, newspaper

PLAN: 1. Choose one word on the newspaper and underline the word.2. Draw the way the word appears when viewed under each object. (cube,

sphere (held two ways), cylinder, wax paper, wax paper with a drop of water)

Learning About Lenses

DATA:

cube sphere cylinder #1 cylinder #2 wax paper wax paper with a water drop

O O O O O OCONCLUSION: In complete sentences, show me what you learned

today.


Learning About Lenses, Vocabulary

Cylinder – Solid figure formed by turning a rectangle about one side as an axis

Sphere – A globed shaped body

Curvature – The act of curving or being curved

Rounded – Curving or round in shape

Cube – A solid having six equal square sides

Transparent – Clear enough to be seen through

Looking Through Lenses

QUESTION: How will printed word look through a concave lens?

HYPOTHESIS: Through a concave lens, printed word will look…

MATERIALS: newspaper, concave lens, prism, flexible mirror

DATA:

prism concave lens flexible mirror

O O O

Looking Through Lenses



Looking Through Lenses, Vocabulary

Translucent – Not transparent but clear enough to allow light to pass through

Opaque –

Not letting light in

Reflective –

Ability to reflect

Looking Through Lenses, Content/Inquiry

Why doesn’t a flat lenses magnify?The light rays are not bent on a flat lenses

Do items magnify if they are rounded?Yes, for example: a clear marble, fish bowl, glass of water

Why do you think the curved shapes magnify?The light going through the objects is curved

Why are the words upside down when you hold the magnifier up?The magnifier, object and the eye invert the object thus tricking the brain in thinking it is upside down

Why did the cylinder magnify the word on it’s side, but not vertically? The side is curved thus magnifying, holding the cylinder vertically it has no curves, it is flat

Looking Through Lenses, Content/Inquiry

Can you see through opaque lens?

No

What does an opaque marble look like?

Very solid, in color, usually a very dark color

What’s the difference between translucent and transparent?

Translucent allows some light to pass through, transparent allows all the light to pass through

Does deeper water magnify more?

No, the water doesn’t magnify, the curved object it is in does the magnifying. The water adds the depth

Learning to Use the Microscope

QUESTION: What do you know about microscopes?

PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS: Microscopes . . .

MATERIALS: one microscope, one piece of microfiche, 1 journal

PLAN:

1. Use the microscope to view the microfiche.

2. Write about your observations.


DATA:

1. At one time microscope were called _______________.

2. Who invented the microscope?

3. Was Leeuwenhoek’s store ever opened? Why?

4. What could Leeuwenhoek see with his simple microscope?

5. What is written on the microfiche in your hand?

Learning to Use the Microscope, Vocabulary

Microscope –

An optical instrument that uses lens to produce magnified images of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye

Learning to Use the Microscope, Content\Inquiry Questions

Who invented the microscope? Anton Leeuwenhoek, first person to make and use

Why was Leeuwenhoek’s store never opened?Leeuwenhoek spent his time trying to create pieces of glass that would help him see small things.

What could Leeuwenhoek see with his simplemicroscope?

One celled plants and animals, bacteria, blood of mammals

Practicing with the Microscope

QUESTION: How will newsprint look under the microscope?

How will glossy magazine look under the microscope?

PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS: The newsprint will look . . . The glossy magazine will look. . .

MATERIALS: microscope, journal, newspaper (colored & black and white), magazine (colored & black and white),

screen wire


PLAN:

1. Select a strip of black and white newspaper from the supply box.

2. Place a piece of screen wire over the print.

3. Look at it under the microscope, focus on one square from the screen wire, and draw your observations.

4. Select a strip of colored newspaper from the supply box.

5. Look at it under the microscope and draw your observations.

6. Repeat steps 1 – 4 with the magazine strips.


DATA:

NP – Black & White NP – Color

O OMag. – black & white Mag. – color

O O

Preparing Slides

QUESTION: How can I view objects of different dimensions under a microscope?

PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS: I can view objects of different dimensions under a microscope by. . .

MATERIALS: journal, microscope, slides, well slide, coverslip, poppy seeds, feather, sponge, fish scales

Preparing Slides

PLAN: 1.Use a well-slide or a wet-mount slide to view the following objects: fish

scales, sponge, feather, poppy seeds.2.Draw your observations.

DATA: fish scales feather

O Osponge poppy seeds

O O

Preparing Slides



Preparing Slides, Vocabulary

Wet – mount slides –

Slides that requires a drop of water.

Well slide –

Also known as a depression slide; this type of slide provides a reservoir with more depth for holding specimens.

What is it?

QUESTION: What are the mystery specimens?

HYPOTHESIS: I predict that each specimen is. . .

1. 2.

3. 4.

MATERIALS: four mystery items(A-D), microscope, journal, well slide, coverslip

What is it?

PLAN:

1. Prepare a well slide with specimen A.

2. Observe the specimen under the microscope.

3. Draw your observations and list the observable properties.

4. Repeat steps 1-3 with the remaining three specimens.

What is it?

DATA:

1. Observable Properties: 2. Observable Properties:

O O Result: ____________ Result: ____________

3. Observable Properties: 4. Observable Properties:

O OResult: ____________ Result: ____________

What is it?



Robert Hooke

QUESTION: Who is Robert Hooke?

PREDICT/HYPOTHESIS: Robert Hooke is. . .

MATERIALS: journal, student investigations book p.35, pencil

PLAN:

1. Read selection from student investigation book.

2. Answer questions in a complete sentence in DATA section of

journal.

Robert Hooke

DATA:1. Before Hooke became a scientist he wanted to be a _________.

painter2. While Leeuwenhoek was busy building microscopes and looking at a great variety of microbes in his little shop in the Netherlands, what was Hooke busy doing at this time?

Hooke was doing the somewhat the same thing in England.

3. What is a major differences between Hooke and Leeuwenhoek?

Hooke drew what he saw through his microscope.

Robert Hooke

DATA: (con’t)

4. What tool did Hooke invented while he was experimenting?

Hooke invented the barometer.

5. Name at least two items that Hooke drew in detail using his simple and compound microscopes?

Hooke drew insects and their parts, the point of a needle, the edge of a razor, insects in rainwater (microbes), snow crystals, and pieces of cork.

Robert Hooke



Onion Experiment

QUESTION: How does an onion look on the inside?

PREDICTION/HYPOTHESIS: The inside of an onion looks like. . . (use words, but you may also draw a picture)

MATERIALS: onion, forceps, microscope, wet-slide, journal

Onion Experiment

PLAN:

1. Observe the outside of the onion and describe its exterior.

2. Make two different sketches at each different level of

observation. The first sketch will record what you predict, the second will record what you actually observe.

3. Prepare a wet-mount slide of the onion skin to look at under the

microscope.

Onion Experiment

DATA: PREDICT: Sketch what you

think you would see if you cut an onion lengthwise from the leaf end to the root end.

PREDICT: Next sketch what you think you would see if you cut one of your onion slices in half across the roundest parts.

OBSERVE: Sketch what you see when the onion is sliced

lengthwise.

OBSERVE: Now sketch what you see when the onion is cut through the roundest part.

Onion Experiment

PREDICT: What do you think the onion will look like under the

microscope?

O

OBSERVE: Now sketch what you see under the microscope.

O

Onion Experiment



Onion Experiment,Content Inquiry Questions

What do cells under a microscope look like?

“building blocks of all living things”

Which scientists gave cells their name because

they reminded him of a small, boxlike, prison or

cell?

Robert Hooke

Volvox

QUESTION: What is a Volvox?

Draw what you see under the microscope:

Volvox, Vocabulary

Volvox –

(green algae) member of a large group of organisms

Flagella –

Whiplike tails which work together to propel the colony through the water.

Blepharisma

QUESTION: What is Blepharisma?

Draw what you see under the microscope.

Blepharisma, Vocabulary

Blepharisma – Single-celled, pear-shaped creature about 160 micrometers in length.

Cilia – Short, hairlike extensions that cover their entire body.

Binary fission – Dividing itself in half, produces two equal twins

Microbe –

A microorganism

Volvox and Blepharisma, Content\Inquiry Questions

Could you estimate how many different individuals were on your

slide? How could you tell them apart?

Relative size, brightness of color, differences in shape.

How would you describe the motion of this microbe?

Swimming, darting, sometimes rotating

Vinegar Eels

QUESTION: What are Vinegar Eels?

Draw what you see under the microscope.

Vinegar Eels, Vocabulary

Vinegar eel –

A harmless roundworm, body is nearly transparent

Unpasteurized vinegar –

A very acid environment

Vinegar Eels,Content\Inquiry Questions

Describe the vinegar eels.

Which of the strategies for slowing them down

did you try? What worked best for you?

How did you feel observing the vinegar eels?

Why was it an important activity?

microworlds christi cahoon activity by activity. table of contents – observing a penny – peanut...

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