middle ages why were the middle ages so dark?. fall of rome
TRANSCRIPT
Middle Ages
Why were the Middle Ages so dark?
Fall of Rome
Charlemagne crowned 800 CE
Charl
em
agne
Ag Rev 1050-1200
Heavy Plow
3 Field System crop rotation
Use of iron and horses
William Conqueror 1066
Battle of Hastings
Seljuk Turks 1071
Muslim Turks begin the process of defeating Byzantine Empire
First Crusade 1096
Spain Reconquista
Magna Carta 1215
King John I
Monarchs were not above the law – not tax arbitrarily
Parliament established under Edward I - 1272
Mongols in Kiev
100 Years War 1337
Feudalism
Feudalism
Social
Economic
Political
Ag Rev is a game changer!
Effects of Ag Rev
Surplus means need a place to sell =
Revival of cities/townsGrowth of trade
Bourgeoisie, Burgher, Burgess
Craft Guilds
Associations of skilled craftsmen organized by trade
Standardized prices
Regulated training
Modern labor unions
Merchant Guilds
Regulated trade byTaxing non-members to discourage competitionParticipated actively in local governmentFunctioned as social clubs
Role of Church
Most powerful institution of in medieval western Europe
Used excommunication to keep people in line
Responsible for education
Black Death
Why so deadly?
1/3 of population
Great famine – more susceptible
Move to cities – overcrowded
Cities lack modern sanitation
Lack of medical knowledge to treat
Effects of Black DeathP – Rents down – new taxes and laws restricting Peasants – Statute of Laborers 1351
R – Jews targeted, pop shift – killed off generation of workers
I – YOLO vs more pious living - flagellants
D – attempts to shut Europe off from spread of plague
E - Rise in prices, workers could demand better wages, opportunities in towns and cities
Hundred Years War
1337-1453
England vs France
England – victor until 1429
Joan of Arc
Effects of WarPolitical instability
English Parliament gains influence
France remained divided – Burgundians
Economic drain on both – taxation
Nationalism develops from hating the opposition for 100 yrs
Change in warfareNew weapons – professional armies = breakdown feudalism
Challenges to RCC
Avignon Papacy (1309 – 1376) Babylonian Captivity
Great Schism (1378 – 1417)Council of Pisa 1409
Council of Constance 1414-1418
Conciliarists
John Wyclif
Jan Hus
Social TrendsPeasant Revolts
Jacquerie 1358 in France oppressive taxation
English Peasants’ Revolt 1381 – wage freeze
Ethnic tensionIrish discriminated by English
Vernacular Literature provides literacy and unifying force