middleages.pptx

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MedievalEurope

500-1500



Russell ’ s Rule to the Middle

Ages:

Major questions about the Middle Ages

(according to the regents) deal with:1) Feudalism (weak central gov’t)

2) Rise and power of Catholic Church

3) The Crusades and the increase in trade



The Good andthe Bad

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Germanic invasionslead to fall ofRoman Empirewhich also led to:

Results ofthe Fall of

Rome

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1) Breakdown of trade

Fear of bandits

and without

someone to“police” people

stopped trading

= Less money, Less

power, more

isolation



2) Cities destroyed



3) Population Shift

People move

out of

“center” ofCivilization

and begin

moving to

North and

Countryside



4) Learning

decreaseda. Germanic invaders were not

educated leaving only priest

and other high officials

educated

b. People could not read

ancient texts of Greeks or

Romans (culture lost)

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5) Loss of common language

a. Germanic people spoke differentlanguage leading to Latin changing into different dialects such as Spanishand French

b. DIFFERENT LANGUAGESSEPARATE PEOPLE

Homer says” Latin, who needs

Latin? I’m never going to use

Latin”



After the Fall of Rome, many

people went searching for

stability in everyday life,

Where do people search for stability?- Individually

- Society



6) THE

CHURCH!!!!!!

Increase in

power of RCC!



Life began to surround itself

around the ChurchGoing to Church

Holidays

Behaviors



Education

Roman Catholic Church became source

of education for many



The Arts

Mostly church related

Gothic Architecture

Flying Buttresses

Stained Glass



Age of Faith: Gothic Architecture

Economy: Monasteries

and churches often had

their own lands and

produced food and wine

with the help of the

peasants.

THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH



Tithe

Tax by the Church, each person must

give 1/10 income to Church

Another example of RCC increase in

power.



Charlemagne (Charles the Great) united Europe 771 ad

-created greatest empire sinceAncient Rome

-Frank (German) King, 6’4

-Spread Christianity

-Pope crowned him Emperorsignifying alliance betweenGermans, Church, and former

Roman EmpireCreated Holy Roman Empire

1st Reich

Died in 814



So what happened after Charlemagne?



WEAK RULERS

Divided Empire amongst sons…too weak

Rulers that followed Charlemagne were weak and

empire would be divided in 3 parts

-This lack of strong leadership lead to Feudalism in Europe o Nobles often fought over power with one another

o Viking invasions also helped weaken rulers and villages



Political Systems of the Middle

Ages



People searched for safety

Answer: Feudalism

Remember Feudalism is the political term

Manor system or manorialism is the economic term for this system



Without a

strong central

body of powerkeeping peace,

people

searched for security

Feudalism King Lord

Knight Peasant



OATH OF FEALTY

THE BASIS OF

MEDIEVAL

ECONOMY WAS

THE FIEF, OR

PARCEL OF LAND

GIVEN AFTER AN

OATH OF LOYALTY

IN EXCHANGE

FOR SERVICES.

VASSALS (lesser

lords and knights)

pledged their loyalty.



FEUDALISM

Kings were Relatively Weak

Decentralized political system

LORDS, LAND, AND LOYALTY

Isolated, Self-Sufficient Manors

Lords and Nobles control the domain or fief

Oaths of Fealty to one’s liege lord

Land was the basis of wealth

Protection was exchanged for loyalty and land



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SERFS AND SERFDOMSerfs were tied to the land. They could not leave,

marry, etc. without the lord’s permission.

A serf was at the

bottom of the

manor system.

They worked the

lord’s land, and

often the church

estates, and

then could tend

their own smallplot of land they

received in

exchange for

these services.

LABOR!!LAND!

SERFS ALSO

GOT

PROTECTION !



KING

NOBLES

LESSER LORDS

KNIGHTS

SERFS

Feudal Society



Economics:

MANORIALISM

AGRARIAN TRADITIONAL ECONOMY



AGRARIAN MANORIALISM A SELF-SUFFICIENT ECONOMY

BASED ON AGRICULTURE



THE MANOR HOUSE

THE LORD’S HOUSE WAS

THE BIGGEST ONE BUT

OFTEN NOT VERY SANITARY.

IF HE LIVED IN A CASTLE, IT

WAS COLD AND DAMP. THELORD HAD CONTROL OF ALL

OF THOSE IN HIS

DESMESNE (domain). THEY

WORKED OR PROVIDE

MILITARY SERVICES FOR

HIM. HE PROTECTED THEMIN HIS CASTLE IN TIMES OF

DANGER.



THE MANOR SYSTEM

ANYTHING NOT

PRODUCED ON THE

LORD’S MANOR

COULD BE

BARTERED.

MONEY WASRARELY USED

AFTER ROME’S

EMPIRE

COLLAPSED.



MEDIEVAL FARM TOOLS

THE AX

THE FLAILTHE RAKE



MEDIEVAL FARM TOOLS

HAYMAKING FORK AND SPADE



THE 3 FIELD SYSTEM

Gray - Woodlands; the building blocksof the manor.

Green - The 3 Fields; crops were

rotated each season on land owned by

the Lord and worked by the serfs.

Purple - The Lord's house, land and

pond.

Burnt Orange - The villager's homes.

Yellow - Small plots of land serfscould work themselves for their own

benefit.

Blue - the stream used by all.



THE PLOUGH (PLOW)

In the Middle Ages,

three inventions would

help increase food

production:



HORSE HARNESSThe Ox was a slow animal,but the ox harness was

lethal to the horse. Once a

new harness was designed,

“horse power” was used.



WINDMILL

WATERMILLS KEPT PEASANTS NEAR RIVERS. BUT

THE WINDMILL EXPANDED WHERE GRAIN COULD

BE GROUND.



What do these inventions

meanIncrease food production

Increase population

Less people needed to farm



KNIGHTS



Knights

Soldiers of the

Middle AgesFor a Fief, would

pledge loyalty to

defend Lords/Kingslands



MEDIEVAL TOURNAMENT

IN THE LATER MIDDLE AGES, THERE WERE FEWER INVADERS SO

KNIGHTS WOULD FIGHT IN ENTERTAINMENT CALLED TOURNAMENTS.

CHIVALRY WAS THE IDEAL CODE OF HONOR THAT A KNIGHT SHOULD

FIGHT, LIVE, AND DIE BY.

Soldiers mountedon horseback

Protect nobles or

kings possessions



Code of Chivalry

Moral/ethical code of the knights

Behaviors of what is right/wrong



Tournaments:

when knights were not at war. (just like in

A Knight’s Tale)- Jousting

- sword fighting



MEDIEVAL WEAPONS

LONG BOW

CROSS BOW

SWORD

Trebuchet



Medieval Women

Role of Women in Feudal society

- little or no power

- could inherit land

- home activities or convent



Rise of the Guild System:

- people, especially the

poor, without

education were unsure

of how to better theirlives.

-What is the guild

system? Page 388 in

text take notes



Question to answer

1) What is a guild?

2) What is the purpose of the guild system?

3) What are the different levels of the guild

system?

4) What are some examples of guilds?



GuildsGuild system –

organization of

individuals in the same business or occupationworking together to

improve economic andsocial conditionsApprentice

journeyman.

Master



Middle Age living conditions

Small damp homes

Dirt Floors

2 or 3 baths a year

Garbage in streets

Fecal matter in streets

Dead bodies

Very few had hot water



What is a castle for?



Wars

Numerous Wars (Hundred Years war

between France and Britain and pillaging by Vikings and barbarians of

lands)



Hundred Years War:

1337 -1453 England vs. France

-Fought over who was heir to French throne

when King died-English ruler Edward III believed it was

him because he was the grandson of Philip

IV of France

-Joan of Arc

- France eventually gets England off soil

Increase nationalistic feelings

VS

Bl k D th



Black DeathAlso known as the Bubonic Plague People

thought the apocalypse was coming

people were scared that God was punishing them



Black Death

1/3 of Europe’s population gone

Workers decrease

Productivity decrease

Trade decrease



Middle Ages: Good or bad

Good3 field system

Horse harness

Iron Plow

Guild System

Chivalry

Results of

CrusadesCommercial

Revolution

Bad

-Feudalism

-Education

-Living Conditions

-War (100 years war,

Crusades-Disease black death

-Life of a serf

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