middlesex london community food assessment report may 2016

7/25/2019 Middlesex London Community Food Assessment Report May 2016

1/150

Middlesex-LondonCommunity Food Assessmen

May 2016


2/150

"#$%&'()*+),)%-.

"#$%"&'$($)*#+ ,(#- .$/01 0*23 &$ &'4(2 &'3 5$00$.*(6 $764(*84&*$(+ 5$7 &'3*7 947&*#*94&*$( *( &'3

:*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(&A

@67*?$$1 =49*&40 =$79-

@7B4 ?0$/7 :*00

C34/&*5/0 "1*D03+

C73+#*4 E(*B37+*&> =$00363

=4(414 F$+&

=3(&73 5$7 G/+&4*(4D03 ?$$1 G>+&3)+

=*&> $5 $5 H4713(+ J/&7*&*$( G$0/&*$(+

"1647 4(1 K$3L+M H$$1.*00 ,(1/+&7*3+?4(+'4.3 =$00363

?$$1 J$&

:*1103+3;%


3/150

"#$%"&'$($)*#+ ,(#- .$/01 20+$ 0*34 &$ 45&4(1 2 +64#*20 &'2(3 7$/ &$ 200 &'4 )4)849+ $: &'4 ;*1104+45%

$$1 ?++4++)4(& ,)604)4(&2&*$( @42)A :$9 200 $: &'4*9 '291 .$93 2(1 141*#2&*$( &$

&'*+ 69$B4#&-

!"#$ &''()("*$ +,-".(/"*(0.

C42&'49 D02#3.400E2)*4 ='$.(+

;*#'240 =0293

;297 ?(( =$0*'2(

F294( "2&.400

=292 ?- >*((

"004( 2*9 G*+&9*#&L*+&49+ $: L&- E$+46' $:


4/150

+(&..":; &< $); -):,.

"=6> ?@ #02?3A>?6 B@= #02?3A>?3@C "=6>D9 4( *13(&*5*4D03 4734 .*&'*( 4 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) .'373 D$&'

#'4003(63+ 4(1 $99$7&/(*&*3+ 3;*+& 4(1 #4( D3 3;90$731 D> &'3 #$))/(*&> &$.471+ #734&*(6 &'3

#'4(63 &'3> .4(& &$ +33-

"446?9 4 &4(6*D03 73+$/7#3 /(*g/3 &$ 4 736*$(M63$6749'*#40 4734 4(1 '301 *( #$))$( D> 4 #$))/(*&>U

$7 4B4*04D03 &$ D3 03B374631 D> &'3 #$))/(*&> &$.471+ #734&*(6 9$+*&*B3 #'4(63-

"446? -8E69&'373 473 B47*$/+ &>93+ $5 4++3&+ 4(1 &'3+3 #4( D3 67$/931 *(&$ h /(*g/3 #4&36$7*3+A +$#*404(1 9$0*&*#40 4++3&+i #/0&/740 4(1 +9*7*&/40 4++3&+i 0*B*(6 4++3&+i 5*(4(#*40 4++3&+i 3;937*3(&*40 4++3&+i

*(&3003#&/40 4++3&+i 4(1 )4&37*40 4++3&+ d+33 ^-\ 5$7 5/7&'37 3;904(4&*$( 4(1 3;4)903+e-

"446? F>=A64?3CG9 &'3 4#& $5 *13(&*5>*(6 4(1M$7 #4&40$6/*(6 3;*+&*(6 4++3&+ *( 4 +93#*5*#

736*$(M63$6749'*#40 4734-

"446? ,>EE3CG9 &'3 4#& $5 90$&&*(6 *13(&*5*31 4++3&+ *( 4 736*$(M63$6749'*#40 4734 $(&$ 4 )49 $5 &'3

736*$(M63$6749'*#40 4734 $7 $(&$ 4 #$(#39&/40 574)3.$72U +/#' 4+ 4 5$$1 +>+&3) 1*4674)-

#@HH0C3?8 4(1 #$004D$74&*B3 97$#3++ 3(64631 *( D> )3)D37+

$5 4 #$))/(*&> .'$ 473 *(&373+&31 *( 3;90$7*(6 &'3*7 #$))/(*&>L+ 5$$1 +>+&3) +&73(6&'+ 4(1 *++/3+-

#@HH0C3?8 .0EE@=?67 "G=3I02?0=6 B#."D9 @ 67$/9 $5 *(1*B*1/40+ .'$ '4B3 #$(&7*D/&31 1$0047+ $7

9031631 +/99$7& &$ $(3 $7 )$73 0$#40 547)+ 97*$7 &$ &'3 67$.*(6 +34+$(U .*&' 67$.37+ 4(1 #$(+/)37+

+'47*(6 &'3 7*+2+ 4(1 D3(35*&+ $5 5$$1 97$1/#&*$(-

#+&3) +/990> #'4*( 4(1 '301

#$))$( D> 4 #$))/(*&>U $7 4B4*04D03 &$ D3 03B374631 D> &'3 #$))/(*&> &$.471+ #734&*(6 9$+*&*B3

5$$1 +>+&3) #'4(63- ?$$1 +>+&3) 4++3&+ #4( D3 67$/931 *(&$ &'3 +4)3 #4&36$7*3+ 4+ 4++3&+-

(@I>2 &'*(6 (33131 &$ 67$.U 97$#3++U 94#2463U 1*+&7*D/&3U #$(+/)3 4(1 1*+9$+3 $5

5$$1- ?$7 &'*+ 4++3++)3(&U :*1103+3;%+&3) 4(1 3(B*7$()3(& '340&'> +$ &'4& 5$$1 #4

D3 97$B*131 &$ 5/&/73 63(374&*$(+-

I89 ?$$1 0*&374#> *+ 4 +3& $5 +2*00+ &'4& '309 /+ 904(U 9739473U 4(1 #$$2 )340+ 5$7 $/7+30B3+

4(1 $/7 54)*0*3+- T'3+3 +2*00+ '309 /+ 9739473 5$$1 &'4& *+ '340&'>U &4+&>U 4(1 455$714D03- T'3> #4( 4

D/*01 $/7 #$(5*13(#3 4(1 '309 /+ 97$D03) +$0B3 .'3( .$72*(6 .*&' 5$$1-\

+*#40 4(1 3#$($)*# 4##3++ &$ +/55*#*3(&U +453

4(1 (/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1 &$ )33& &'3*7 1*3&47> (331+ 4(1 5$$1 9735373(#3+ 5$7 4( 4#&*B3 4(1 '340&'> 0*53-l

*+ &'3 7*6'& $5 93$903+ &$ '340&'> 4(1 #/0&/7400> 4997$97*4&3 5$$97$1/#31 &'7$/6' 3#$0$6*#400> +$/(1 4(1 +/+&4*(4D03 )3&'$1+U 4(1 &'3*7 7*6'& &$ 135*(3 &'3*7 $.(

5$$1 4(1 467*#/0&/73 +>+&3)+-lf

:6G3@C>2 )4(463+ &'3

4667364&*$(U 1*+&7*D/&*$(U 4(1 )4723&*(6 $5 +$/7#3%*13(&*5*31 5$$1 97$1/#&+ 97*)47*0> 57$) 0$#40 4(1

736*$(40 97$1/#37+ &$ +&73(6&'3( &'3*7 4D*0*&> &$ +4&*+5> .'$03+403U 73&4*0U 4(1 *(+&*&/&*$(40 13)4(1-l

N=1>C >G=3I02?0=69 67$.*(6 97$1/#3 4(1M$7 74*+*(6 4(*)40+ *( /7D4( 4(1 937*%/7D4( 4734+ 4(1 +3&&*(

E7D4( 467*#/0&/73 *+ +&73(6&'3(31 D> #$)903)3(&47> 4#&*B*&*3+U +/#' 4+ &'3 97$#3++*(6 4(1 1*+&7*D/&*

$5 5$$1 67$.( 4(1 &'3 +'47*(6 $5 467*#/0&/740 2($.03163 4(1 +2*00+ .*&' #$))/(*&> )3)D37+-

\I(&47*$ G$#*3&> $5 J/&7*&*$( F7$53++*$(40+ *( F/D0*# N340&'U ?$$1 ?0>37U S3D- 4&

'&&9AMM...-$+(99'-$(-#4M/90$41M)3)D37+'*9M1$#/)3(&M5$$10*&374#>%50>37%5*(40%9+-915 c?$$1 4(1 @67*#/0&/73 I764(*84&*$( $5 &'3 E(*&31 J4&*$(+U !"#$ &$'()*)+,"- "- ."*(/ 0""/ 1$'2*,+3 )-/ ."*(/ 0""/

12##,+ 4()- "5 6'+,"-U J$B3)D37 ^cU ^``_U S3DU 4& '&&9AMM...-54$-$76M.5+M -f,(&37(4&*$(40 ?$7/) 5$7 ?$$1 G$B373*6(&>U &$'()*)+,"- "5 +7$ 0"*2# 5"* 0""/ 1"8$*$,9-+3: ;3?U ?3D7/47> \hU

\]]h-aJ4&*$(40 H$$1 ?$$1 J3&.$72U j?$$1 N/D =3(&37A S'4& *+ 4 ?$$1 N/DmUl S4004#3 =3(&37U \]]`U S3DU 4&

'&&9AMM...-(65(-$76M73+$/7#3+M5$$1%'/D+ -


5/150

->126 @O #@C?6C?4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQ R

1.0 INTRODUCTION PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP S

TQT K>ILG=@0C7 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQQ TU

TQV ,6?5@7@2@G8 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQQ TW

2.0 POPULATION PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP TX

VQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPP VZ

VQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPP VZ

VQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQQ VZ

VQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPQ VR

3.0 FOOD PRODUCTIONPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQQPPP VX

[QT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 QQPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPP [X

[Q[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPP [X

[QW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ [S

[QZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP WU

4.0 FOOD ACCESS AND DISTRIBUTIONPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP W[

WQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQQPPPPPPPQPPPPP Z[

WQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQQ Z[

WQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ ZW

WQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP ZZ

5.0 FOOD PURCHASING AND CONSUMPTIONPPPPPPPPPPPP ZX

ZQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQQ RW

ZQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQQ RWZQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ RZ

ZQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP RR

6.0 FOOD EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE AND LITERACYPPPPPPP RX

RQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQQ \W

RQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQQ \W

RQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ \Z

RQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP \Z

7.0 FOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP \X

\QT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQQ X[

\Q[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQQ X[

\QW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ XW

\QZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP XW

8.0 POLICY AND ADVOCACY PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP XS

XQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQQ TU[

XQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQQ TUW

XQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ TUZ

XQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP TUR

9.0 RISK MANAGEMENT AND FOOD SAFETYPPPPPPPPPPPPPQQ TU\

SQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQQ TTV

SQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQQ TTV

SQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ TTV

SQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP TT[

10.0 INNOVATION AND TECHONOLOGY PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP TTZ

TUQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQQ TTS

TUQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQQ TTS

TUQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ TVU

TUQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP TVU


6/150

11.0 FUNDING, FINANCING AND INVESTMENT PPPPPPPPPPPQQ TVVTTQT E4 3C $C@Y267G6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQ TVX

TTQ[ .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPQ TVX

TTQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPQ TVX

TTQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQP TVS

12.0 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQ T[TTVQT #@HH0C3?8 .0=A68 PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPQQ T[V

TVQV "446? ,>EE3CG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPPP T[ZTVQ[ "I?3@C /2>CC3CG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPPPPPPPPPPPPQQ T[\

13.0 MOVING FORWARD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQPP !!" TWUT[QT .0HH>=8 PPPQPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPQ TWT

T[QV :6I@HH6C7>?3@C4 PPPQPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP TWT


7/150

EXECUTIVESUMMARY


8/150

)])#N-J^) .N,,":;

@ #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& d=?@e *+ 4 947&*#*94&$7> 4(1 #$004D$74&*B3 97$#3++ 3(64631 *( D> )3)D37+

$5 4 #$))/(*&> .'$ 473 *(&373+&31 *( 3;90$7*(6 &'3*7 4734L+ 5$$1 +>+&3) +&73(6&'+ 4(1 (331+- T'3

9/79$+3 $5 4 =?@ *+ &$ 64&'37 &'3 *(5$7)4&*$( (33131 &$ 9*#&/73 &'3 .'$03 5$$1 +>+&3)U 4(1 &'3( &$ .$72

&$.471+ *(#734+*(6 #$))/(*&>5""/ @"8$*$,9-+3d+33 D30$.e D> /+*(6 &'*+ *(5$7)4&*$( &$ *(5$7) 13#*+*$(%

)42*(6 47$/(1 &'3 9$0*#*3+ 4(1 974#&*#3+ &'4& 135*(3 &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)-

T'3 +&74&36*3+ /+31 &$ 64&'37 &'3 *(5$7)4&*$( 5$7 4 =?@ *(#0/13A $AB("*,-9&'3 73+$/7#3+ 4(1 4++3&+ *( 4

#$))/(*&>i $-8,@,"-,-9.'4& 4 0$#40U '340&'>U 4(1 +/+&4*(4D03 5$$1 +>+&3) #$/01 0$$2 0*23U ,/$-+,53,-95$$1 +>+&3) 4734+ &$ #/0&*B4&3i /$8$("B,-9.$72 904(+ 47$/(1 97*$7*&> 4#&*$( *&3)+i 4(1 &'3(

,#B($#$-+,-9 4#&*$( 904(+ &'4& *(#0/13 #$)@2*$#$-+@5$7 +/##3++-_ =$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(&+ #4(

73+/0& *( )4(> D3(35*&+ &$ &'3 #$))/(*&>U +/#' 4+ 6734&37 4.473(3++ 4(1 /(137+&4(1*(6 $5 5$$1%7304&31

*++/3+U 41173++*(6 649+ *( &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 +3#/7*&> +>+&3)U 4(1 D$$+&*(6 +/+&4*(4D*0*&> $5 &'3

#$))/(*&> 5$$1 +>+&3)-h

,( ?3D7/47> \]^fU &'3 :*1103+3;% #4)3 &$63&'37 4& 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 5$7/)n'$+&31

D> &'3 ?$/(14&*$(U =*&> $5 #$/(#*0- @5&37 #$(1/#&*(6 73+347#' *(&$ B47*$/+ $764(*84&*$(40

)$130+ 5$7 4 0$#40 5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0U &'3 #$))/(*&> 13#*131 &'4& 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& .4+ 4

(4&/740 (3;& +&39U .'*#' .$/01 *(5$7) 5/&/73 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 904((*(6- ,( @97*0 \]^aU &'3 5$$1 4++3++)3(& 97$#3++ $( D3'405 $5 &'3 :*1103+3;%- T'3 j:*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(& P39$7&l *+ &'3 $/$)3 $5 &'*+

97$#3++-

@ #$))/(*&> *+ +4*1 &$ D3 5$$1 +3#/73 jk.'3( 400 93$903U 4& 400 &*)3+U '4B3 9'>+*#40 4(1 3#$($)*# 4##3++

&$ +/55*#*3(&U +453 4(1 (/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1 &$ )33& &'3*7 1*3&47> (331+ 4(1 5$$1 9735373(#3+ 5$7 4( 4#&*B3 4(1

'340&'> 0*53-o T'*+ 135*(*&*$( $5 5$$1 +3#/7*&> .4+ D/*0& /9$( &'733 9*0047+n5$$1 4B4*04D*0*&>U 5$$1 4##3++U

4(1 5$$1 /+3i '$.3B37U &'3 j?*B3 @L+ $5 ?$$1 G3#/7*&>Ul *+ $(3 $5 &'3 )$+& /(*B37+400> 4##3++*D03

/(137+&4(1*(6+ $5 &'3 #$(#39&- T'3 5*B3 @L+ 473A 4B4*04D*0*&>U 4##3++*D*0*&>U 413g/4#>U 4##39&4D*0*&>U 4(1

463(#> d*-3- &'3 9$0*#*3+ 4(1 97$#3++3+ &'4& 3(4D03 &'3 4#'*3B3)3(& $5 5$$1 +3#/7*&>e-` N$.3B37U 5$7 5$$1

+3#/7*&> &$ D3 7340*831 D> 4 #$))/(*&>U #$))/(*&> )3)D37+ )/+& D3 4D03 &$ #$(&7$0 &'3 9$0*#*3+ &'4&

6$B37( &'3 97$1/#&*$( 4(1 1*+&7*D/&*$( $5 &'3 5$$1 &'3> 34&- T'*+ *+ #400315""/ @"8$*$,9-+3- j?$$1

+$B373*6(&> *+ &'3 7*6'& $5 93$903+ &$ '340&'> 4(1 #/0&/7400> 4997$97*4&3 5$$1 97$1/#31 &'7$/6'

3#$0$6*#400> +$/(1 4(1 +/+&4*(4D03 )3&'$1+U 4(1 &'3*7 7*6'& &$ 135*(3 &'3*7 $.( 5$$1 4(1 467*#/0&/73

_G/3 P$++ 4(1 b3(4 G*)#3+U C"##2-,+3 0""/ 6@@$@@#$-+ D2,/$U C-=- F7$B*(#*40 N340&' G37B*#3+ @/&'$7*&>U :47#' \]]oU F7*(&U

4& 9- a-hG/3 P$++ 4(1 b3(4 G*)#3+U C"##2-,+3 0""/ 6@@$@@#$-+ D2,/$U C-=- F7$B*(#*40 N340&' G37B*#3+ @/&'$7*&>U :47#' \]]oU F7*(&U

4& 9- _-o?$$1 4(1 @67*#/0&/73 I764(*84&*$( $5 &'3 E(*&31 J4&*$(+U !"#$ &$'()*)+,"- "- ."*(/ 0""/ 1$'2*,+3 )-/ ."*(/ 0""/ 12##,+

4()- "5 6'+,"-U J$B3)D37 ^cU ^``_U S3DU 4& '&&9AMM...-54$-$76M.5+M -`P>37+$( E(*B37+*&>U =3(&73 5$7 G&/1*3+ *( ?$$1 G3#/7*&>U jT'3 ?*B3 @L+ $5 ?$$1 G3#/7*&>Ul \]^_U S3DU

'&&9AMM...-7>37+$(-#4M5$$1+3#/7*&>M$/7%4997$4#'-'&)0 -

+>+&3)+-l^] ?$$1 +$B373*6(&> *+ 135*(31 D> +3B3( 9*0047+A 5$$1 5$7 93$903U D/*01*(6 2($.03163 4(1 +

.$72*(6 .*&' (4&/73U B40/*(6 5$$1 97$B*137+U 0$#40*8*(6 5$$1 +>+&3)+U 9/&&*(6 #$(&7$0 0$#400>U 4(1

73#$6(*8*(6 5$$1 4+ +4#731-^^ @ #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& #4( '309 4 9$&3(&*40 5$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9

)423 13#*+*$(+ $( .'*#' 9*0047+ +'$/01 D3 97*$7*&*831 4(1 .'4& 4#&*$(+ #4( &$ D3 &423( &$.471+ #734

'340&'*37 4(1 )$73 +/+&4*(4D03 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)-

T'3 :*1103+3;% 5$$1 4++3++)3(& .4+ 4 947&*#*94&$7> 4(1 #$004D$74&*B3 97$#3++ &'

3(64631 +&423'$0137+ 57$) 4#7$++ &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)- T'3 4997$4#' /+31 5$7 &'3 =?@ 400$.31 5$7

+&423'$0137+ &$ +'473 &'3*7 B*+*$( 5$7 :*1103+3;%+&3) 4(1 .$72 &$63&'37 &$ $( 904(

5/&/73 4#&*$(+ &$.471+ 4#'*3B*(6 &'*+ B*+*$(- T'3 $99$7&/(*&> &$ D/*01 /9$( &'*+ 4++3++)3(& .*&' &'3

#$(+&7/#&*$( $5 4 0$#40 5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0 67$/(1+ &'3 )4*( 73#$))3(14&*$(+ D30$.-

T'3 :*1103+3;% $5 +&3) &'4& .$/01 *(5$7) 73#$))3(14&*$(+ 5$7

97$9$+31 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$(- T'733 9'4+3+ 135*(31 &'3 97$#3++ /+31 &$ 4#'*3B3 &'*+ $DZ3#&*B3A 4 73B

$5 3;*+&*(6 73+$/7#3+ 4(1 4++3&+ &'7$/6' 4( 3(B*7$()3(&40 +#4(U 947&*#*94&$7> 73+347#' 4(1 +&423'$

3(6463)3(&U 4(1 &'3 .7*&*(6 $5 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& 739$7&-

@ 574)3.$72 #$(+*+&*(6 $5 ^] 5$$1 +>+&3) #4&36$7*3+U (/)37$/+ +/D#4&36$7*3+U 4(1 4997$;*)4&30> c

*(1*#4&$7+U .4+ /+31 &$ +&7/#&/73 &'3 3(B*7$()3(&40 +#4(- T'*+ 574)3.$72 *+ 5/7&'37 3;904*(31 D30$T'3 3(B*7$()3(&40 +#4( #$003#&31 14&4 57$) 4 (/)D37 $5 1*55373(& +$/7#3+U .'*#' &'3 =$))/(*&> ?$

@++3++)3(& ,)903)3(&4&*$( T34) 4++*+&31 *( #$003#&*(6-

@ (/)D37 $5 1*55373(& 4#&*B*&*3+ 135*(31 &'3 #$))/(*&> 3(6463)3(& 97$#3++ &'4& &$$2 904#3 &'7$/6

&'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(&- ?*7+&U c] 23> *(5$7)4(& *(&37B*3.+ .*&' *(1*B*1/40+ 57$) &'3 5$00$.

67$/9+A 0$#40 5$$1 $764(*84&*$(+i #$))/(*&> 13B30$9)3(& $55*#3+i 3)3763(#> 5$$1 463(#*3+i )/(*#

4(1 97$B*(#*40 6$B37()3(&+i 67$.37+ 4(1 97$1/#37+i 97$#3++$7+ 4(1 1*+&7*D/&$7+i 31/#4&$7+ 4(1

*(B3+&$7+-

G3#$(1U 4 D7$41 #$))/(*&> +/7B3> .4+ /+31 &$ 3(6463 ha_ )3)D37+ $5 &'3 #$))/(*&>- T'3 +/7B3

#49&/731 &'3*7 &'$/6'&+ $( &'3 :*1103+3;%+&3) 4(1 13&37)*(31 .'*#' 4734+ &'3> 530

.373 )$+& *)9$7&4(& 5$7 5$$1 +>+&3) #'4(63- S'3( &'3 +#403+ 5$7 &'3 1*55373(& 03B30+ $5 *)9$7&4(#

.373 .3*6'&31 d.'373 j+&7$(60> 1*+46733l *+ 74&31 &'3 0$.3+& 4(1 j+&7$(60> 46733l *+ 74&31 &'3 '*6'

&'3 +&4&3)3(&+ &'4& 73#3*B31 &'3 )$+& +/99$7& 57$) +/7B3> 73+9$(13(&+ 5$00$. D30$.-

^],(&37(4&*$(40 ?$7/) 5$7 ?$$1 G$B373*6(&>U &$'()*)+,"- "5 +7$ 0"*2# 5"* 0""/ 1"8$*$,9-+3: ;3?U ?3D7/47> \hU \

^^?$$1 G3#/73 =4(414U jS'4& *+ ?$$1 G$B373*6(&>Ul \]^fU S3DU 4& '&&9AMM5$$1+3#/73#4(414-$76M.'$%.3%473M.'4&%5$$1

+$B373*6(&>-


9/150

,& *+ *)9$7&4(& &'4&U

N340&'> 5$$1 *+ 455$714D03 5$7 3B37>$(3 *( :*1103+3;%$/(6 41/0&+ 0347( 4D$/& 5$$1 4(1 &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)i

?$$1%7304&31 '340&' 97$D03)+ 473 973B3(&31 *( :*1103+3;% )3)D37+ #$004D$74&3 $( &'3 97$1/#&*$( $5 4

0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) 4++3& )49 5$7 :*1103+3;% +3B3740 23> )3)D37+ $5 &'3 G&337*(6 =$))*&&33

D35$73 D3*(6 5*(40*831-

T'3 &3( 5$$1 +>+&3) #4&36$7*3+ #$773+9$(1*(6 &$ &'3 574)3.$72 )3(&*$(31 4D$B3 *(#0/13 &'3 5$00$.*(6A

9$9/04&*$( +&4&*+&*#+i 5$$1 97$1/#&*$(i 5$$1 4##3++ 4(1 1*+&7*D/&*$(i 5$$1 9/7#'4+*(6 4(1 #$(+/)9&*$(i

5$$1 31/#4&*$(U 2($.03163 4(1 0*&374#>i 5$$1 .4+&3 )4(463)3(&i 5$$1 9$0*#> 4(1 41B$#4#>i 7*+2

)4(463)3(& 4(1 5$$1 +453&>i 5$$1 *(($B4&*$( 4(1 &3#'($0$6>i 4(1 5$$1 5/(1*(6U 5*(4(#3 4(1

*(B3+&)3(&- T'3+3 #4&36$7*3+ ($& 135*(31 &'3 +#$93 $5 &'3 :*1103+3;% 5$$1

4++3++)3(&- T'3> 473 40+$ /+31 &$ +&7/#&/73 &'*+ 739$7&- C30$. *+ 4 +'$7& +/))47> $5 &'3 *(5$7)4&*$(

97$B*131 *( 34#' $5 &'3 &3( #4&36$7*3+U *(#0/1*(6 +$)3 $5 &'3 $99$7&/(*&*3+ 5$7 #'4(63 *13(&*5*31 1/7*(6

&'3 4++3++)3(&-

/@E02>?3@C 4?>?34?3I4 97$B*13+ 4( $B37B*3. $5 .'$ *+ B/0(374D03 &$ 4(1 4553#&31 D> 5$$1 *(+3#/7*&>U

&'3 )4(> '340&' *++/3+ 0*(231 &$ $7 73+/0&*(6 57$) &'3 #/773(& 5$$1 +>+&3)U 4(1 &'3 3#$($)*#

#$(1*&*$(+ $7 7340*&*3+ .*&'*( &'3 4734 &'4& 0*)*& 93$903+ 4##3++ &$ '340&'> 5$$1- @( $99$7&/(*&> 5$7

#'4(63 .*&'*( &'*+ 4734 *+ &$ 13B30$9 #494#*&> .*&'*( 93$903 &$ D3#$)3 )$73 5$$1 +3#/73 D>

*(#734+*(6 &'3*7 5$$1 0*&374#> +2*00+ &'7$/6' 31/#4&*$( 4(1 4.473(3++ *(*&*4&*B3+U 4(1 5/7&'37 &'3(

+/99$7& &'3) D> )42*(6 573+' 0$#40 5$$1 )$73 4##3++*D03-

$5 0$#40 5$$1i 4(1 4( $B37B*3. $5 &'3 5$$1 1*+&7*D/&*$( +>+&3) *( &'3 4734- @( $99$7&/(*&>

5$7 #'4(63 *13(&*5*31 *( &'3 4++3++)3(& *+ &'3 D/*01*(6 $5 0$#40 5$$1 97$#3++*(6 4(1 1*+&7*D/&*$(

#494#*&> &'7$/6' &'3 13B30$9)3(& $5 *(574+&7/#&/73 *( &'3 )*1103 $5 &'3 +/990> #'4*(U +/#' 4+ 4 5

'/D $7 )$D*03 97$#3++*(6 +$0/&*$(-

43CG >C7 I@C40HE?3@C 97$B*13+ 4( 4##$/(& $5 &'3 9/7#'4+*(6 D3'4B*$/7 $5 0$#40U '3

+/+&4*(4D03 5$$1 57$) &'3 +&4(19$*(& $5 5$$1 +37B*#3U 5$$1 73&4*0U 9/D0*# *(+&*&/&*$(+ 4(1 &'3 63(3

9/D0*#U 4( 4##$/(& $5 63(3740 5$$1 9/7#'4+*(6 D3'4B*$/7U 4( $B37B*3. $5 &'3 #$(+/)9&*$( $5 0$#4

5$$1 *( &'3 4734 4(1 $5 34&*(6 '4D*&+ $5 &'3 63(3740 9$9/04&*$( 4(1 D> +/D9$9/04&*$(- H7$.*(6 D

4.473(3++ 4(1 2($.03163 4D$/& '340&'> 0$#40 5$$1U &'7$/6' 5$$1 0*&374#> *(*&*4&*B3+ 4(1 )4723&*

#4)94*6(+U *+ $(3 $99$7&/(*&> &$ #734&3 9$+*&*B3 #'4(63 *( 5$$1 9/7#'4+*(6 4(1 #$(+/)9&*$( *(

:*1103+3;%C7 23?6=>I8 97$B*13+ 4( $B37B*3. $5 &'3 5$$1 31/#4&*$( .$72 &42*(

904#3 *( :*1103+3;% 5$7 #'4(63 *(

4734 *+ &$ 67$. 5$$1 0*&374#> 4#7$++ :*1103+3;%$/(6 41/0&+

D$&' *(+*13 4(1 $/&+*13 &'3 +#'$$0 +>+&3)-

4?6 H>C>G6H6C? 4++3++3+ &'3 1*55373(& &>93+ $5 .4+&3 4#7$++ &'3 5$$1 B40/3 #'4*(U *)9

$5 &'*+ 5$$1 .4+&3U 1*55373(& &>93+ $5 5$$1 .4+&3 *( :*1103+3;%+&3) .4+&3- I(3 $99$7&/(*&> 5$7 #'4(63 *( 5$$

.4+&3 )4(463)3(& *( :*1103+3;%+&3)U 0$

5$$1 9$0*#*3+ &'4& '4B3 4&&4*(31 #$/(#*0 +/99$7&U 4(1 41B$#4#> 355$7&+ *( &'3 4734 7304&31 &$ 5$$1

+3#/7*&>U 5$$1 13)$#74#> 4(1M$7 5$$1 +$B373*6(&>- ,(#734+*(6 41B$#4#> 355$7&+ &$ #'4003(63 9$0

&'4& 1$ ($& +/99$7& &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) 4(1 .$72*(6 &$.471+ *(($B4&*B3 9$0*#> #'4(63 &'4& +/9

0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) 13B30$9)3(& 473 #$)903)3(&47> $99$7&/(*&*3+ &'4& .373 *13(&*5*31 4+ 947& $5

4++3++)3(&-

:34L H>C>G6H6C? >C7 O@@7 4>O6?8 5$#/+3+ $( 5$$1 +453&> 7*+2 )4(463)3(& 904(+ 4(1 5$$1 +453&

7*+2+ .*&'*( &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) 4+ .300 4+ 4*)+ &$ *13(&*5> .'4& 5$$1 +>+&3) 7*+2 )4(463)3(&

473 *( 904#3 4(1 &'3 5$$1 +453&> 7*+2+ 4++$#*4&31 .*&' &'3+3 904(+- T'3 $99$7&/(*&> 5$7 #'4(63 *(

4734 *+ &$A 5*7+&U &'*(2 D7$410> 4D$/& 7*+2 )4(463)3(& 4(1 400 &'3 54#&$7+ &'4& 4553#& &'3 4B4*04D*0*&

+453U (/&7*&*$/+ 4(1 0$#40 5$$1U 4(1 &'3(U 4990> &'*+ 2($.03163 &$ 7*+2 )4(463)3(& 4(1 5$$1 +453

4#&*B*&> *( :*1103+3;%C7 ?6I5C@2@G8 13&37)*(3+ &'3 03B30 $5 *(($B4&*$( .*&'*( &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)

*13(&*5*3+ *(*&*4&*B3+ .'373 &3#'($0$6> *+ D3*(6 13B30$931 4(1 /&*0*831 &$ 3('4(#3 &'3 0$#40

+/+&4*(4D03 5$$1 +>+&3)U 4+ .300 4+ 6*B3+ 4( $B37B*3. $5 *(($B4&*B3 97$674))*(6- I(3 $99$7&/(

5$7 #'4(63 *+ &$ 13B30$9 4(1 *)903)3(& 4 736*$(40 D74(1 &'4& +'$.#4+3+ &'3 5$$1 &'4& *+ 67$.(U

74*+31U '47B3+&31 $7 97$1/#31 *( :*1103+3;%


10/150

CI6 >C7 3CA64?H6C? 97$B*13+ 4( $B37B*3. $5 &'3 5/(1*(6 4B4*04D03 5$7 #$))/(*&>%

D4+31 5$$1 +>+&3) *(*&*4&*B3+ *( :*1103+3;%+&3) D/+*(3++3+ 4(1 97$Z3#&+ *( &'3 4734- S$72*(6

&$63&'37 &$ +3#/73 73+$/7#3+ &$ +/99$7& 0$#40 5$$1 D/+*(3++3+ 4(1 #$))/(*&>%D4+31 5$$1 +>+&3)

4#&*B*&*3+ *+ 4 D*6 $99$7&/(*&> 5$7 #'4(63 *( &'*+ 4734-

T'3 $99$7&/(*&*3+ 5$7 #'4(63 ($&31 4D$B3 5$7 34#' 4734 .*&'*( &'3 5$$1 +>+&3) 574)3.$72 473 +4)903+

$5 &'3 )4(> 1*+#$B3731 1/7*(6 &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& 97$#3++- T'3 $99$7&/(*&*3+ 5$7 #'4(63

473 0$#4&31 .*&'*( +93#*5*# 4734+ &$ #/0&*B4&3 *( :*1103+3;% &'3

#$))/(*&> &$.471+ #734&*(6 &'3 #'4(63 &'3> .4(& &$ +33- ,( &$&40U ^f 4734+ &$ #/0&*B4&3 .373 *13(&*5*314+ 947& $5 &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(&A 5$$1 0*&374#>U 5$$1 .4+&3 731/#&*$(U +)400%+#403 467*#/0&/73

4(1 1*+&7*D/&*$(U 0$#40 5$$1 97$#3++*(6 4(1 1*+&7*D/&*$(U >$/(6 4(1 (3. 547)37+U 7/740%/7D4( #$((3#&*$(U

3)3763(#> 5$$1 4##3++U 5$$1 9$0*#>U +/+&4*(4D03 97$1/#&*$(U /7D4( 467*#/0&/73U '340&' 4(1 .300(3++U 04(1

97$&3#&*$(U 5$$1 4##3++*D*0*&>U 4(1 9/D0*# )31*4 #4)94*6(*(6-

Y/7*(6 &'3 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 904((*(6 +&463 $5 &'3 =?@U #$))/(*&> )3)D37+ 467331 $( f #/0&*B4&*$(

4734+ &$ 904( 5/&/73 4#&*$( 47$/(1- @.$72*(6 67$/9 4++*6(31 &$ 34#' 4734 &'3( *13(&*5*31 c 9$&3(&*40

#$))/(*&>%D4+31 *(*&*4&*B3+ &$ D3 B$&31 $(- "4#' .$72*(6 67$/9 &'3( 13B30$931 4 )*(* .$72 904( 5$7

&'3 &$9 *(*&*4&*B3+- H$40+ $7 $DZ3#&*B3+U +&39+ &$ D3 &423(U (33131 73+$/7#3+U 4++3&+ &$ 03B37463U 4(1

)34+/73+ $5 +/##3++ .373 400 $/&0*(31- C30$. *+ 4 0*+& $5 &'3 5$/7 #/0&*B4&*$( 4734+ 4(1 &'3 &$9 *(*&*4&*B3

#'$+3( D> +&423'$0137+A

4?6 =670I?3@C9=$(1/#& 4( 3;37#*+3 &$ 13&37)*(3 '$. )/#' 5$$1 .4+&3 &'373 *+ *(

:*1103+3;% D>%04. )4(14&*(6 9/D0*# *(+&*&/&*$(+ &$

9/7#'4+3 4 13+*6(4&31 937#3(&463 $5 0$#40 5$$1-

.H>22`4I>26 >G=3I02?0=6 E=@70I?3@C9Y3B30$9 4 0$#40 5$$1 '/D &$ )4(463 0$6*+&*#+U 4(1 +&$7463-

:4(> *)9$7&4(& 5*(1*(6+ 4(1 )/#' 4(40>+*+ *+ #$(&4*(31 *( &'*+ #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& 739$7&U co

+93#*5*# 4734+ .373 *13(&*5*31 5$7 5/7&'37 73+347#'- T'3+3 4734+ '4B3 D33( 67$/931 &$63&'37 /(137 &'3

#$773+9$(1*(6 #4&36$7*3+ *( &'3 5$$1 +>+&3) 574)3.$72 *( G3#&*$( ^c-

,( 411*&*$( &$ #$(1/#&*(6 73+347#' *(&$ &'3 4734+ *13(&*5*31U 4(1 5/7&'37 13B30$9*(6 &'3 .$72 904(+

&$.471+ *)903)3(&*(6 1*73#& 4#&*$(U &'373 473 4 (/)D37 $5 *(*&*4&*B3+ &'4& &'3 #$))/(*&> #4( .$72 $( &$

+/99$7& 4 +&7$(637U )$73 +/+&4*(4D03 5$$1 +>+&3)- T'3 73#$))3(14&*$(+ 97$B*131 &'7$/6'$/& G3#&*$(+

\%^^ $5 &'*+ 739$7& '4B3 D33( #$)D*(3 *( 4 +*)903 #'47&U 5$/(1 *( G3#&*$( ^c- T'3 &$9*#+ *(#0/13A*(($B4&*B3 5$$1 9$0*#>i 5$$1 5/(1*(6 4(1 *(B3+&)3(&i /7D4( 467*#/0&/73i +/99$7&*(6 547)37+i 0$#40 5$$1

97$#/73)3(&i *(574+&7/#&/73 13B30$9)3(&i 5$$1 .4+&3U #$))/(*&> 97$674))*(6i 4(1 5$$1 0*&374#>- @(

411*&*$(40 &'3)3 '4+ D33( #734&31 5$7 73#$))3(14&*$(+ &'4& 1$ ($& 5400 .*&'*( &'3+3 &'3)3+-

T'3 :*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(& #$(5*7)+ &'3 5$00$.*(6A &'373 *+ 4 1*B37+*&> $5 5$

+>+&3) +&423'$0137+ 4(1 4 D7341&' $5 5$$1 +>+&3) 4#&*B*&> *( &'3 4734i &'3 (/)D37 $5 #/0&*B4&*$( 473

4(1 4)$/(& $5 $99$7&/(*&> *+ 6734&i 4(1 &'3 136733 $5 #$))/(*&> 3(6463)3(& 4(1 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3

)$)3(&/) *+ B37> '*6'- @+ 4 73+/0&U &'3 $B3747#'*(6 73#$))3(14&*$( *+5"* E,//($@$AFG"-/"- 5""/

@3@+$# @+)H$7"(/$*@ +" B*"'$$/ I,+7 +7$ $@+)J(,@7#$-+ "5 ) 5""/ B"(,'3 '"2-',(K @ 5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*

97$B*13 4( $764(*831 904&5$7) &$ 3(6463 +&423'$0137+ *( 4( $(%6$*(6 1*+#/++*$( 4D$/& 4(1 13#*+*$(%

)42*(6 47$/(1 &'3 )$+& 4997$97*4&3 *(*&*4&*B3+ 4(1 (3#3++47> 73+$/7#3+ 73g/*731 &$ 17*B3 5$$1 +>+&3

#'4(63 *( :*1103+3;%


11/150

1.0 INTRODUCTION


12/150

TQU J%-:&*N#-J&%

TQT K>ILG=@0C7

$%%& '()*+,-.

?7$) J$B3)D37 ^c%^h ^``_U '341+ $5 +&4&3 4(1 6$B37()3(& 4&&3(131 &'3 S$701 ?$$1 G/))*& *(

P$)3U ,&40>U .'373 &'3> 73455*7)31 &'3*7 #$))*&)3(& &$ 3(+/7*(6 &'4& 400 93$903 473 4D03 &$ 7340*83

&'3*7 7*6'& &$ D3 5$$1 +3#/73- ,( &'3 904( $5 4#&*$( &'4& .4+ 1745&31 &'3> .3(& $( &$ 135*(3 5$$1+3#/7*&> 4+ 3;*+&*(6 jk.'3( 400 93$903U 4& 400 &*)3+U '4B3 9'>+*#40 4(1 3#$($)*# 4##3++ &$ +/55*#*3(&U

+453 4(1 (/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1 &$ )33& &'3*7 1*3&47> (331+ 4(1 5$$1 9735373(#3+ 5$7 4( 4#&*B3 4(1 '340&'>

0*53-^\ T'*+ 135*(*&*$( $5 5$$1 +3#/7*&> .4+ D/*0& /9$( &'733 9*0047+n5$$1 4B4*04D*0*&>U 5$$1 4##3++U 4(1

5$$1 /+3nD/& 4 5$7&' 9*0047U +&4D*0*&>U .4+ 41131 4& &'3 S$701 ?$$1 G/))*& $( ?$$1 G3#/7*&> *(

\]]`-^c

S'*03 &'3+3 5$/7 9*0047+ 3553#&*B30> #49&/73 &'3 D7341&' $5 5$$1 +3#/7*&>U &'3 j?*B3 @L+ $5 ?$$1

G3#/7*&>l 73)4*( $(3 $5 &'3 )$+& /(*B37+400> 4##3++*D03 D73421$.(L+ $5 &'3 #$(#39&-

-56 O3A6 "a4 @O O@@7 46I0=3?89

"A>32>1323?89G/55*#*3(& 5$$1 5$7 400 93$903 4& 400 &*)3+-

"II64431323?89F'>+*#40 4(1 3#$($)*# 4##3++ &$ 5$$1 5$7 400 4& 400 &*)3+-

"76b0>I89@##3++ &$ 5$$1 &'4& *+ (/&7*&*$/+ 4(1 +453U 4(1 97$1/#31 *( 3(B*7$()3(&400>

+/+&4*(4D03 .4>+-

"II6E?>1323?89@##3++ &$ #/0&/7400> 4##39&4D03 5$$1U .'*#' *+ 97$1/#31 4(1 $D&4*(31 *(.4>+ &'4& 1$ ($& #$)97$)*+3 93$903L+ 1*6(*&>U +305%73+93#&U $7 '/)4( 7*6'&+-

"G6CI89T'3 9$0*#*3+ 4(1 97$#3++3+ &'4& 3(4D03 &'3 4#'*3B3)3(& $5 5$$1 +3#/7*&>-^f

?$$1 *(+3#/7*&> #4( D3 3;937*3(#31 4& &'3 *(1*B*1/40 03B30 D/& *& #4( 40+$ D3 3;937*3(#31 4& &'3

'$/+3'$01U #$))/(*&>U 736*$(40U (4&*$(40U 4(1 60$D40 03B30+- T'3735$73U .'3( #$(+*137*(6 5$$1

+3#/7*&> *& *+ *)9$7&4(& &$ &'*(2 D3>$(1 &'3 *(1*B*1/40U 4(1 &$ #$(+*137 &'3 #$)903; 4(1 +>+&3)*# *++/3+

&'4& 4553#& 67$/9+ $5 93$903 4& 34#' $5 &'3+3 03B30+- N$.3B37U *5 &'3 5*B3 @L+ $5 5$$1 +3#/7*&> #4( D3

4#'*3B31 5$7 400 93$903U 4& 400 &*)3+U *( 4 #$))/(*&> 5$7 3;4)903U &'3( &'*+ #$))/(*&> *+ +4*1 &$ D3

5$$1 +3#/73- ?$7 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 +3#/7*&> &$ D3 7340*831U &'$/6'U &'3 #$))/(*&> )/+& 5*7+& D3 4D03 &$

3;37#*+3 13)$#74&*# #$(&7$0 $B37 &'3 9$0*#*3+ &'4& 6$B37( &'3 97$1/#&*$( 4(1 1*+&7*D/&*$( $5 &'3 5$$1

&'4& *&+ )3)D37+ #$(+/)3- T'*+ *+ #400315""/ @"8$*$,9-+3-

^\?$$1 4(1 @67*#/0&/73 I764(*84&*$( $5 &'3 E(*&31 J4&*$(+U !"#$ &$'()*)+,"- "- ."*(/ 0""/ 1$'2*,+3 )-/ ."*(/ 0""/

12##,+ 4()- "5 6'+,"-U J$B3)D37 ^cU ^``_U S3DU 4& '&&9AMM...-54$-$76M.5+M -^c

?$$1 4(1 @67*#/0&/73 I764(*84&*$( $5 &'3 E(*&31 J4&*$(+U &$'()*)+,"- "5 +7$ ."*(/ 0""/ 12##,+ "- 0""/ 1$'2*,+3U

J$B3)D37 \]]`-^f

P>37+$( E(*B37+*&>U =3(&73 5$7 G&/1*3+ *( ?$$1 G3#/7*&>U jT'3 ?*B3 @L+ $5 ?$$1 G3#/7*&>Ul \]^_U S3DU

'&&9AMM...-7>37+$(-#4M5$$1+3#/7*&>M$/7%4997$4#'-'&)0 -

$%%& '%/(+(,01-.

I( \h ?3D7/47> \]]hU a]] 5$$1 +>+&3) +&423'$0137+ 57$) $B37 o] #$/(&7*3+ 64&'3731 *( &'3 B*00463 $

J>p0p(*U *( Gp0*(6/pU :40*U 5$7 4( *(&37(4&*$(40 5$7/) $( 5$$1 +$B373*6(&>- T'373U &'3 Y3#0474&*$( $5

J>p0p(* .4+ 41$9&31 4(1 &'3 *134 $5 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> .4+ 3(&73(#'31 *(&$ 4 60$D40 )$B3)3(&- T'3

13#0474&*$( +&4&3+A j?$$1 +$B373*6(&> *+ &'3 7*6'& $5 93$903+ &$ '340&'> 4(1 #/0&/7400> 4997$97*4&3 5$$

97$1/#31 &'7$/6' 3#$0$6*#400> +$/(1 4(1 +/+&4*(4D03 )3&'$1+U 4(1 &'3*7 7*6'& &$ 135*(3 &'3*7 $.(

5$$1 4(1 467*#/0&/73 +>+&3)+-l^a G*; 9*0047+ 5$7 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> .373 13B30$931 4& &'3 *(&37(4&*$(4

5$7/) *( J>p0p(*- ?$$1 G3#/73 =4(414L+ d?G=e +/))47> $5 &'3+3 9*0047+ 5$00$.+ D30$.U *( 411*&*$( &$+3B3(&' 9*0047U .'*#' .4+ 41131 D> )3)D37+ $5 ?G=L+ ,(1*63($/+ =*7#03 1/7*(6 &'3 13B30$9)3(& $5 *&

9$0*#> 904&5$7)U .'*#' '4+ 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> 4& *&+ #$73-^_

-56 46A6C E322>=4 @O O@@7 4@A6=63GC?89

?0=6

o I9&*)*83+ &'3 #$(&7*D/&*$(+ $5 3#$+>+&3)+

o ,)97$B3+ 73+*0*3(#3

^>2064 23c64 228

o F04#3+ #$(&7$0 *( &'3 '4(1+ $5 0$#40 5$$1 97$B*137+

o P3#$6(*83+ &'3 (331 &$ *('4D*& 4(1 &$ +'473 &377*&$7*3+

o P3Z3#&+ &'3 97*B4&*84&*$( $5 (4&/740 73+$/7#3+

I=67

o P3#$6(*83+ &'4& 5$$1 *+ 4 6*5& $5 0*53U 4(1 ($& &$ D3 +g/4(13731

o @++37&+ &'4& 5$$1 #4(($& D3 #$))$1*5*31i d&'4& *+U &734&31 4+ 4 97$1/#& &'4& #4

D3 D$/6'& 4(1 +$01e

^a,(&37(4&*$(40 ?$7/) 5$7 ?$$1 G$B373*6(&>U &$'()*)+,"- "5 +7$ 0"*2# 5"* 0""/ 1"8$*$,9-+3: ;3?U ?3D7/47> \hU

\]]h-^_

?$$1 G3#/73 =4(414U jS'4& *+ ?$$1 G$B373*6(&>Ul \]^fU S3DU 4& '&&9AMM5$$1+3#/73#4(414-$76M.'$%.3%473M.'4&%5$$1

+$B373*6(&>-


13/150

,5 5$$1 +3#/7*&> *+ 4 947& $5 &'3 B*+*$( 5$7 4(> #$))/(*&>U &'3( &'*+ #$))/(*&> .*00 (331 &$ 97*$7*&*83

&'3 +3B3( 9*0047+ $5 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> *( *&+ 13#*+*$(%)42*(6 $( 4(1 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 47$/(1 5$$1 4(1

467*#/0&/73- I(0> &'3( .*00 *& 13B30$9 &'3 #494#*&> &$ 13)$#74&*83 4(1 6$B37( *&+ 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)-

T'3 5$7)4&*$( $5 4 5$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9 *+ $(3 .4> &'4& #$))/(*&*3+ 473 4D03 &$ )$D*0*83 47$/(1 &'3 6$40

$5 *(#734+*(6 &'3*7 5$$1 +$B373*6(&>- ?$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9+ 473 4 904&5$7) 5$7 #$((3#&*(6 4 1*B37+*&> $5

5$$1 +>+&3) +&423'$0137+ *( 4 #$))/(*&> 47$/(1 5$$1 *++/3+ 4553#&*(6 &'3*7 #$))/(*&>- T'3> )4> D3

+&7/#&/731 4+ 4 #$/(#*0U #$004D$74&*B3U +&337*(6 #$))*&&33U .$72*(6 67$/9U 947&(37+'*9U (3&.$72U $7

&34)- S'4&3B37 +'493 &'3> )4> &423U 5$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9+ 473 )$+& $5&3( *(B$0B31 .*&' *(($B4&*B3

5$$1 9$0*#> 73+347#'U 904((*(6 4(1 13B30$9)3(& 4+ .300 4+ 1*73#& #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 47$/(1 #'4(63+ *(

&'3*7 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) &'4& &'3> .$/01 0*23 &$ +33- ,( I(&47*$U &'373 473 4& 034+& \o 5$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9++97341 4#7$++ &'3 97$B*(#3- G/+&4*( I(&47*$L+ :/(*#*940MP36*$(40 ?$$1 F$0*#> S$72*(6 H7$/9 '4+ 9/&

&$63&'37 4 #$)973'3(+*B3 0*+& d+33 D30$. T4D03 ^e $5 &'3+3 5$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9+ *( I(&47*$U 4(1 &'3 )49

D30$. d?*6/73 ^e +'$.+ .'373 &'3+3 5$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9+ 473 0$#4&31-

=3(&740 I(&47*$

?$$1 F47&(37+ @00*4(#3 G*)#$3 =$/(&>

H7$.*(6 I7*00*4L+ ?$$1 ?/&/73O

N47B3+& N40*D/7&$(

?$$1 G3#/7*&> S$72*(6 H7$/9 dN/(&+B*003e

"4+&37( I(&47*$

?$$1#$73 =$/(#*0 5$7 R*(6+&$(U ?7$(&3(4#U =$/(#*0

T$7$(&$ q$/&' ?$$1 F$0*#> =$/(#*0

J$7&'37( I(&47*$

H734&37 G/1D/7> ?$$1 F$0*#> =$/(#*0T'/(137 C4> 4(1 @734 ?$$1 G&74&36>

G$/&'.3+&37( I(&47*$

='4&'4)%R3(& ?$$1 F$0*#> =$/(#*0

S4&370$$ P36*$( ?$$1 G>+&3) P$/(1&4D03

C74(& ?$$1 G>+&3) =$40*&*$(

?$$1 :4&&37+ S*(1+$7 "++3; =$/(&>

:*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(& ,)903)3(&4&*$(

T34)

?$$1 G3#/73 I;5$71

=*&> $5 N4)*0&$( =$))/(*&> ?$$1 G3#/7*&> G&423'$0137 =$))*&&33

N340&'> "4&*(6 S$7267$/9 dJ*46474e

H/309'%S300*(6&$( ?$$1 P$/(1 T4D03

H73> C7/#3 ?$$1 G3#/7*&> @#&*$( H7$/9

@ #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& *+ 4 +&74&36*# .4> 5$7 4 9$&3(&*40 5$$1 9$0*#> 67$/9 &$ (477$. 1$.(

.'*#' 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> 9*0047+ (331 &$ D3 97*$7*&*831 4(1 .'4& 4#&*$(+ (331 &$ D3 &423( &$.471+

#734&*(6 4 '340&'*37 4(1 )$73 +/+&4*(4D03 5$$1 +>+&3)- ,( $&'37 .$71+U 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1

4++3++)3(&U 4##$71*(6 &$ G&3B3( :#?4113(U *+ $(3 .4> &$ '309 D/*01 #$))/(*&> #$(&7$0 $5 5$$1U 4(1

&'*+ *+ .'4& 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> *+ 400 4D$/&-^h

^hG&3B3( :#?4113(U T'3 =400 $5 &'3 126 T ` &C?>=3@ 2d:6G3@C>2 3C &C?>=3@_ VUTZD


14/150

2%33*1,-. $%%& 455(553(1- 62$47

@ #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& *+ 4 947&*#*94&$7> 4(1 #$004D$74&*B3 97$#3++ 3(64631 *( D> )3)D37+ $5

4 #$))/(*&> .'$ 473 *(&373+&31 *( 3;90$7*(6 &'3*7 4734L+ 5$$1 +>+&3) +&73(6&'+ 4(1 (331+- T'3 6$40

$5 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& *+ &$ *(#734+3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> D> *(5$7)*(6 13#*+*$(%

)42*(6 47$/(1 &'3 9$0*#*3+ 4(1 974#&*#3+ &'4& 135*(3 &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)- =$))/(*&> 5$$1

4++3++)3(& $DZ3#&*B3+ 473 &$ *13(&*5> 4734+ *( &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) &$ #/0&*B4&3U 73+$/7#3+ &$ 03B37463U

4(1 4#&*$(+ &$ &423 &'4& .*00 '309 &'3 #$))/(*&> &$ D3#$)3 )$73 5$$1 +3#/73-

@ (/)D37 $5 D7$41 +&74&36*3+ 135*(3 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(&- T'3+3 +&74&36*3+ *(#0/13A

$AB("*,-9&'3 73+$/7#3+ 4(1 4++3&+ *( 4 #$))/(*&>i $-8,@,"-,-9.'4& 4 0$#40U '340&'>U 4(1 +/+&4*(4D035$$1 +>+&3) #$/01 0$$2 0*23U ,/$-+,53,-9 5$$1 +>+&3) 4734+ &$ #/0&*B4&3 4(1 /$8$("B,-9.$72 904(+

47$/(1 97*$7*&> 4#&*$( *&3)+i 4(1 &'3( ,#B($#$-+,-9 4#&*$( 904(+ &'4& *(#0/13 #$)@2*$#$-+@5$7

+/##3++-^o

E0&*)4&30>U 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& .*00 *(5$7) 13#*+*$(%)42*(6 $( &'3 9$0*#*3+ 4(1 974#&*#3+

&'4& 135*(3 4 #$))/(*&>L+ 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)- =$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(&+ #4( 73+/0& *( )4(>

D3(35*&+ &$ &'3 #$))/(*&>- G$)3 $5 &'3+3 D3(35*&+ *(#0/13A

,)97$B31 97$674) 13B30$9)3(& 4(1 #$$71*(4&*$(

F$+*&*B3 #'4(63 *( 9/D0*# 9$0*#> 4553#&*(6 &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)

H734&37 4.473(3++ 4(1 /(137+&4(1*(6 $5 5$$1%7304&31 *++/3+

Y3B30$9)3(& $5 (3. 4(1 +&7$(637 (3&.$72+ 4(1 947&(37+'*9+

,(#734+31 #$))/(*&> 947&*#*94&*$( *( +'49*(6 &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)

@1173++*(6 649+ *( &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 +3#/7*&> +>+&3)

"('4(#*(6 #$))/(*&> #494#*&>

C$$+&*(6 +/+&4*(4D*0*&> $5 &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 +>+&3)-TS

8,&&9(5(:; #$/(#*0 )*6'& 0$$2 0*23- T'3 23> )*03+&$(3+ .373A

VUTW

^oG/3 P$++ 4(1 b3(4 G*)#3+U C"##2-,+3 0""/ 6@@$@@#$-+ D2,/$U C-=- F7$B*(#*40 N340&' G37B*#3+ @/&'$7*&>U :47#' \]]oU

F7*(&U 4& 9- a-^`

G/3 P$++ 4(1 b3(4 G*)#3+U C"##2-,+3 0""/ 6@@$@@#$-+ D2,/$U C-=- F7$B*(#*40 N340&' G37B*#3+ @/&'$7*&>U :47#' \]]oU

F7*(&U 4& 9- _-

?*7+& =$))/(*&> ?$$1 ?$7/)A *( ?3D7/47>U &'3 ?$/(14&*$(U =*&> $5 +*+ $5 5$/7 $764(*84&*$(40 )$130+ 5$7 4 5/&/73 5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0-

o T'3 )$130+ 73B*3.31 *(#0/131A )/(*#*940*&>M'340&' /(*& +34&31%+&7/#&/73U #$))/(*&>%

+34&31 +&7/#&/73 d($&%5$7%97$5*&eU #$))/(*&>%+34&31 +&7/#&/73 d674++7$$&+eU 4(1

#$004D$74&*B3 947&(37+'*9-

G3#$(1 =$))/(*&> ?$$1 ?$7/)A *( I#&$D37U 4 +3#$(1 #$))/(*&> 5$7/) &423+ 904#3 &$ 1*+#/++ &

13B30$9)3(&U 574)3.$72U 4(1 4#&*B*&*3+ 5$7 4 5/&/73 5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0-

o @&&3(133+ $5 &'3 5$7/) /(4(*)$/+0> +/99$7& 4 #$004D$74&*B3 947&(37+'*9 )$130 5$7 4 5/&/

5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0- T'*+ )$130 .*00 D3 #$%031 D> &.$ #$))/(*&> $764(*84&*$(+A &'3 5$$1 4++3++)3(& *+ 73#$))3(131 4+ &'3 (3;& +&39 5$7 &'3 #$))/(*&>U 4(1

*+ 13#*131 &'4& 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& *)903)3(&4&*$( &34) .$/01 D3 #734&31 &$

0341 &'*+-

VUTZ

=?@ ,)903)3(&4&*$( T34)A 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& *)903)3(&4&*$( &34) *+ #734&31-

:3)D37+ $5 &'3 =?@ ,)903)3(&4&*$( T34) *(#0/13 4 1*B37+*&> $5 5$$1 +>+&3) +&423'$0137+-

=$))/(*&> ?$$1 @++3++)3(&A *( @97*0U $( D3'405 $5 &'3 :*1103+3;% 5$$1 4++3++)3(& 739$7&

o ?7$) K/0>%J$B3)D37U "#$%"&'$($)*#+ ,(#- #$(1/#&+ #$))/(*&>%D4+31 73+347#'U *(#0/1*(

4( 3(B*7$()3(&40 +#4(U 23> *(5$7)4(& *(&37B*3.+U 4(1 4 #$))/(*&> +/7B3>

o ,( Y3#3)D37U &'3 :*1103+3;% 4(1 5$$1 +>+&3) +&423'$0137+ 947&*#*94&

*( 4( @++3& :499*(6 +3++*$( 4(1 4( @#&*$( F04((*(6 +3++*$(U &$ *13(&*5> +&73(6&'+ 4(1 473

&$ #/0&*B4&3 4#7$++ &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)U 4(1 4#&*$( *&3)+ 5$7 #$(+*1374&*$( D> 4 5/&/73

5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0-

VUTR

=$))/(*&> ?$$1 @++3++)3(& P39$7&A &'3 :*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(& 739$

*+ #$)903&31 4(1 .*00 D3 /+31 &$ *(5$7) 5/&/73 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 904((*(6-


15/150

2%33*1,-. $%%& 455(553(1- >3?9(3(1-@-,%1 =(@3

,( 3470> \]^a 4 =$))/(*&> ?$$1 @++3++)3(& ,)903)3(&4&*$( T34) .4+ 3+&4D0*+'31- T'*+

*)903)3(&4&*$( &34) *+ 73+9$(+*D03 5$7 0341*(6 &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(&- T'3 ,)903)3(&4&*$(

T34) d+33 T4D03 \e *+ )413 /9 $5 )3)D37+ $5 23> 5$$1 +>+&3) +&423'$0137 $764(*84&*$(+ *( :*1103+3;%

H6 "OO323>?6 &=G>C3c>?3@C

N34&'37 C04#2.300 S3+&37( ?4*7 Y*+&7*#&

K4)*3 ='$.(+ G*+&37+ $5 G&- K$+39' $5 0 G)*&' =*&> $5 b4B*&8 ?4(+'4.3 =$00363

2%1-(:-

T'3 :*1103+3;% $5 $5 %=4741$# I(3*14 f^

T'4)3+ =3(&73

:*1103+3; =3(&73

J$7&' :*1103+3;

@1304*13 :3


16/150

T'3 :*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(& *+ &42*(6 904#3 4& 4( $99$7&/(3 &*)3 5$7 0$#40

5$$1 +>+&3) +/99$7& 4(1 5$$1 9$0*#> 13B30$9)3(& *( =4(414- ,( \]^cU P$>40 @++3(& .4+ 6*B3( &$ C*00

c_U &'3 H$B37()3(& $5 I(&47*$L+ G"')( 0""/ 6'+U .'*#' '4+ &'3 5$00$.*(6 4+ *&+ 9/79$+3+A

^- T$ 5$+&37 +/##3++5/0 4(1 73+*0*3(& 0$#40 5$$1 3#$($)*3+ 4(1 +>+&3)+ &'7$/6'$/&

I(&47*$-

\- T$ *(#734+3 4.473(3++ $5 0$#40 5$$1 *( I(&47*$U *(#0/1*(6 &'3 1*B37+*&> $5 0$#40 5$$1-

c- T$ 3(#$/7463 &'3 13B30$9)3(& $5 (3. )4723&+ 5$7 0$#40 5$$1-\]

:$73 73#3(&0>U *( 4 (/)D37 $5 '*+ )*(*+&37*40 )4(14&3 03&&37+U F7*)3 :*(*+&37 K/+&*( T7/134/ $/&0*(3+

+93#*5*# :*(*+&7> 6$40+U 3;93#&4&*$(+U #$))*&)3(&+U 4(1 73+9$(+*D*0*&*3+ &'4& 7304&3 1*73#&0> &$ 5$$14(1 5$$1 +>+&3)+- :$+& ($&4D0> *+ &'3 03&&37 &$ :*(*+&37 $5 @67*#/0&/73 4(1 @67*%?$$1U &'3 N$($/74D03

- ,( &'*+ 03&&37U F7*)3 :*(*+&37 T7/134/ .7*&3+A

L- B)*+,'2()*: L I,(( $AB$'+ 3"2 +" I"*H I,+7 3"2* '"(($)92$@ )-/ +7*"297 $@+)J(,@7$/ ($9,@()+,8$:

*$92()+"*3: )-/ C)J,-$+ B*"'$@@$@ +" /$(,8$* "- 3"2* +"B B*,"*,+,$@M &$8$("B ) 5""/ B"(,'3 +7)+

B*"#"+$@ 7$)(+73 (,8,-9 )-/ @)5$ 5""/ J3 B2++,-9 #"*$ 7$)(+73: 7,97FN2)(,+3 5""/: B*"/2'$/ J3

C)-)/,)- *)-'7$*@ )-/ 5)*#$*@: "- +7$ +)J($@ "5 5)#,(,$@ )'*"@@ +7$ '"2-+*3OK\^

TQV ,6?5@7@2@G8

A+%B()- C%@9 D EFB()-,/(5

T'3 6$40 5$7 &'3 :*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(& 97$Z3#& .4+ &$U 5*+&U 13B30$9

4( /(137+&4(1*(6 $5 &'3 :*1103+3;%+&3)U 4(1 &'3( +3#$(1U 400$. &'*+

/(137+&4(1*(6 &$ *(5$7) 73#$))3(14&*$(+ 5$7 97$9$+31 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( &$.471+*(#734+*(6 5$$1 +$B373*6(&> 4(1 6734&37 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 +3#/7*&> *( &'3 736*$(-

T'3 $DZ3#&*B3+ 7304&31 &$ &'*+ 6$40 *(#0/131A

F7$1/#*(6 4 +(49+'$& $5 &'3 :*1103+3;%+&3) /+*(6 1*B37+3 14&4 9$*(&+

&'4& #4( *(5$7) &'3 5$#/+ $5 5/&/73 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 904((*(6i

,13(&*5>*(6 +&73(6&'+ 4(1 4++3&+ *( &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) 4(1 649+ *( 2($.03163 5$7

5/&/73 73+347#'i

"(646*(6 &'3 D7$4137 #$))/(*&> &$ #734&3 4 D3&&37 /(137+&4(1*(6 $5 &'3 0$#40 5$$1

+>+&3)U 57$) 547)%&$%.4+&3i

@)90*5>*(6 674++7$$&+ $764(*84&*$(+ B$*#3+U 4(1 3(646*(6 *( )34(*(65/0 #$(B37+4&*$(+

.*&' +&423'$0137+ 4D$/& &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)i

N*6'0*6'&*(6 97*$7*&> 4734+ 5$7 &'3 #$))/(*&> &$ #/0&*B4&3 d*-3- $99$7&/(*&*3+ 5$7

#'4(63e &'4& .*00 03B37463 &'3 4734L+ +&73(6&'+ 4(1 4++3&+i

\]H$B37()3(& $5 I(&47*$U G"')( 0""/ 6'+: =>PQU G-I \]^cU ='49&37 hU S3DU 4&

8$$9:;; 4(1 034137+'*9 5$7 *(#0/1*(6 *( 5/&/73 5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0 )3)D37+i 4(1

F7$B*1*(6 3++3(&*40 D4#267$/(1 *(5$7)4&*$( 5$7 )31*4 4(1 9/D0*# 31/#4&*$( 4D$/& &'3

:*1103+3;%+&3)-

T'733 9'4+3+ 135*(31 &'3 97$#3++ /+31 &$ 4#'*3B3 &'3+3 $DZ3#&*B3+- T'3+3 *(#0/13A 4 73B*3. $5 3;*+&

73+$/7#3+ 4(1 4++3&+ d"(B*7$()3(&40 G#4(eU 947&*#*94&$7> 73+347#' 4(1 +&423'$0137 3(6463)3(&

d=$))/(*&> "(6463)3(&eU 4(1 &'3 .7*&*(6 $5 4 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& 739$7& dP39$7& S7*&*(6e

@ 13+#7*9&*$( $5 &'3+3 &'733 9'4+3+U 4(1 &'3*7 7304&31 4#&*B*&*3+ 5$00$.+ D30$.-

G1/,+%13(1-@9 ')@1

T'3 *(*&*40 9'4+3 5$7 &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1

4++3++)3(& 97$Z3#& *(B$0B31 &'3 73B*3.

400 7303B4(& '*+&$7*#40 1$#/)3(&+ 4(1

973B*$/+ 5$$1 +>+&3) +#4(+ $7 #$(+/0&4&

97$#3++3+ d.*&'*( &'3 04+& a%^] >347+e- T

.4+ 5$00$.31 D> &'3 13B30$9)3(& $5 4

5$$1 +>+&3) 574)3.$72 d+33 ?*6/73 ceU

.'*#' .4+ /+31 &$ +&7/#&/73 4(

3(B*7$()3(&40 +#4( 4(1 14&4 #$003#&*$( $

3;*+&*(6 73+$/7#3+ 4(1 14&4 $( &'3

:*1103+3;%+&3)- T'3

574)3.$72 #$(+*+&31 $5 ^] )4*(

#4&36$7*3+U )4(> +/D#4&36$7*3+U 4(1

4997$;*)4&30> c]] *(1*#4&$7+ d*-3- 7303B4

9*3#3+ $5 *(5$7)4&*$(e-

"(B*7$()3(&40G#4(

=$))/(*&>"(6463)3(&

P39$7&S7*r(6


17/150

S*&' &'3 4++*+&4(#3 $5 &'3 =$))/(*&> ?$$1 @++3++)3(& ,)903)3(&4&*$( T34)U &'3 3(B*7$()3(&40

+#4( #$003#&31 14&4 57$) 4 D7341&' $5 1*55373(& +$/7#3+- T'3 +3#$(147> 73+347#' 9'4+3 #$(#0/131

.*&' 4( 4(40>+*+ $5 &'3 5$$1 +>+&3) D4+31 $( 400 &'3 7303B4(& +3#$(147> +$/7#3 *(5$7)4&*$(- Y/7*(6

4(40>+*+ +93#*5*# 4++3&+ 4(1 +&73(6&'+ .373 *13(&*5*31U 40$(6 .*&' 649+ *( *(5$7)4&*$( 4(1 +&74&36*3+ 5$7

#$003#&*(6 411*&*$(40 *(5$7)4&*$(- T'3 4++3&+ &'4& .373 *13(&*5*31 .373 #4&36$7*831 D> 4++3& &>93-

T'373 473 +3B3( 1*55373(& &>93+ $5 4++3&+ &'4& #4( D3 5$/(1 *( &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)- @( 3;904(4&*$( $5 34#'

4++3& &>93U 40$(6 .*&' &'3 *#$( /+31 &'7$/6'$/& &'*+ 739$7& &$ *13(&*5> *& 4(1 +$)3 3;4)903+U *+

97$B*131 *( &'3 D30$. 4++3& 0363(1-

"..)- ()+)%*

JI@C "446? -8E6 )eE2>C>?3@C )e>HE264

$/ $.( 4(1 .'4& >$/ /+3 C/*01*(6+U B3'*#03+U 3g/*9)3(&

=/0&/740 Q

G9*7*&/40

S'4& >$/ 1$ 4(1 .'4& >$/ D30*3B3T741*&*$(+U 7*&/40+U 53+&*B40+U

'$0*14>+

,(&3003#&/40 S'4& >$/ 2($. 4(1 *134+ >$/ '4B3 R($.03163U *134+U *(($B4&*$(+

";937*3(&*40 T'*(6+ >$/ 0347( 4(1 7*+2+ >$/ &423G/##3++U 54*0/73U .*+1$)U

3)D$1*31 3;937*3(#3

?*(4(#*40N$. )/#' >$/ '4B3 4(1 .'4& >$/

+93(1:$(3>U #731*&U 674(&+

G$#*40 Q

F$0*&*#40S'$ >$/ 2($. 4(1 .'$ >$/ &7/+&

?7*3(1+U 7304&*$(+'*9+U 67$/9+U

*(50/3(#3+

2%33*1,-. G10@0(3(1-

T'3 #$))/(*&> 3(6463)3(& 9'4+3 #$(+*+&31 $5 97*)47> 73+347#' 4(1 +&423'$0137 3(6463)3(&

4#&*B*&*3+U 4(1 .4+ D7$23( 1$.( *(&$ 5$/7 4#&*B*&*3+A 23> *(5$7)4(& *(&37B*3.+U 4 #$))/(*&> +/7B3>U

4(1 &.$ #$))/(*&> 3(6463)3(& +3++*$(+ d*-3- #$))/(*&> 4++3& )499*(6 4(1 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$(

904((*(6e-

$68 JCO@=H>C? JC?6=A36Y4

T'3 #$(+/0&*(6 &34) 734#'31 $/& &$ _` 23> *(5$7)4(&+ .*&' 2($.03163 $5 &'3 :*1103+3;%+&3)U *(#0/1*(6 *(1*B*1/40+ 57$) 0$#40 5$$1 $764(*84&*$(+U #$))/(*&> 13B30$9)3(& $55*#3+U

3)3763(#> 5$$1 +/990*37+U 4(1 )/(*#*940 4(1 97$B*(#*40 6$B37()3(&+U 4+ .300 4+ 67$.37+ 4(1

97$1/#37+U 97$#3++$7+ 4(1 1*+&7*D/&$7+U 31/#4&$7+ 4(1 *(B3+&$7+- ,( &$&40U c] *(1*B*1/40+ .373 3(646

*( '$/7%0$(6 *(&37B*3.+ 4D$/& &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3) 4(1 5$#/+31 $(A

G&73(6&'+ 4(1 4++3&+ *( &'3 :*1103+3;%+&3)i

:4Z$7 97$D03)+ 4(1M$7 #'4003(63+ *( &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)i

G$0/&*$(+ &$ &'3+3 97$D03)+ 4(1M$7 #'4003(63+i

R3> $99$7&/(*&*3+ *( &'3 5$$1 +>+&3) 4(1 &'3 9$&3(&*40 #$(&7*D/&*$( $5 +&423'$0137+ &$ &'

#'4(63+ &'3> .4(& &$ +33i 4(1

H49+ *( *(5$7)4&*$(-

J/)37$/+ 649+ *( *(5$7)4&*$( .373 *13(&*5*31 *( &'3 3(B*7$()3(&40 +#4(- T'3+3 649+ .373 D7$/6'& 1/7*(6 34#' *(&37B*3. &$ +33 *5 *(&37B*3.33+ '41 411*&*$(40 *(5$7)4&*$( &'3> #$/01 +'473-

#@HH0C3?8 .0=A68

P3+*13(&+ $5 :*1103+3;% +/7B3>- P3+ *13(&+ .37

4D03 &$ #$)903&3 &'3 +/7B3> $(0*(3U $7 &'7$/6' 94937 #$9*3+ 97$B*131 &'7$/6' 0$#40 0*D747*3+- T$

3(#$/7463 947&*#*94&*$( *( &'3 #$))/(*&> +/7B3>U )3)D37+ $5 &'3 =$))/(*&> ?$$1 @++3++)3(&

,)903)3(&4&*$( T34) 734#'31 $/& &$ &'3*7 0$#40 (3&.$72+U 4(1 97$B*131 &'3) .*&' 4 0*(2 &$ &'3 +/7B

*( $7137 &$ 5/7&'37 1*+&7*D/&*$( /+*(6 &'3*7 +$#*40 )31*4U (3.+03&&37+U 3%D/003&*(+U 4(1 3)4*0- T'3 +/7

.4+ 04/(#'31 $( &'3 :U 73+9$(13(&+ '41 &$ D3 ^o >347+ $5 463 $7 $0137 4(1 D3 4 73+*13(& $5

- ?$7 #$)903&*(6 &'3 +/7B3>U 34#' 73+9$(13(& 73#3*B31 &'3 #'4(#3 &$ .

N47B3+& C/#2+ d+33 +3#&*$( f-]e-


18/150

,( &$&40U hh` 93$903 #$)903&31 &'3

#$))/(*&> +/7B3> 4(1 $5 &'*+ &$&40U

`h-aas dha_ 73+9$(13(&+e .373

73+*13(&+ $5 :*1103+3;%+*+ $5

13)$6749'*# 14&4-

I5 &'3 ha_ 73+9$(13(&+ .'$ 0*B3 *(

:*1103+3;% \]s $5 &'3 9$9/04&*$(U 4(1 $(0> ^^s $5 +/7B3>

73+9$(13(&+i &'3735$73U :*1103+3; =$/(&> 73+*13(&+ 473 +0*6'&0> /(13773973+3(&31 *( &'3 +/7B3>

+4)903-

T'3 463 $5 +/7B3> 73+9$(13(&+ *+ #$(+*+&3(& .*&' &'3 463 13)$6749'*#+ 4##$/(&31 5$7 *( &'3 4 G(&()(0 HI2&)2& J&$("#2 GKL M"2E#/%0N OA??0 !%*0 8$$9:;;


19/150

D/*01 $( *&+ +&73(6&'+ 4(1 4++3&+- T'3 +3++*$( 3(131 .*&' 947&*#*94(&+ .$72*(6 &$63&'37 &$ *13(&*5>

4#&*$( *&3)+ &'4& .$/01 03B37463 4++3&+ *( &'3 0$#40 5$$1 +>+&3)-

#@HH0C3?8 "I?3@C /2>CC3CG

T'3 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 904((*(6 +3++*$(U .'*#' 5$00$.31 1*73#&0> 45&37 &'3 4++3& )499*(6 +3++*$(U +4.

\\ 23> #$))/(*&> )3)D37+ 4(1 034137+ #$)3 &$63&'37 &$ D/*01 /9$( &'3 973#31*(6 +3++*$(- T'3

97*)47> $DZ3#&*B3 $5 &'*+ *(&374#&*B3 4(1 947&*#*94&$7> +3++*$( .4+ &$ #$%13+*6( 4(1 B$&3 $( +&47&%/9U

)*(* .$72 904(+ 5$7 &74(+5$7)*(6 &'3 :*1103+3;% 5$$1 +>+&3)- @5&37 *13(&*5>*(6

4734+ &$ #/0&*B4&3 &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)U 947&*#*94(&+ B$&31 $( _ 97*$7*&> 4734+ 4(1 &'3( .$7231 &$63&'37 &$

*13(&*5> *(*&*4&*B3+ *( 34#' 4734 &'4& 03B37463 4++3&+ *( &'3 736*$(- @5&37 B$&*(6 $( *(*&*4&*B3+ *( 34#'#/0&*B4&*$( 4734U 947&*#*94(&+ .$7231 $( 4 )*(* .$72 904(+ 5$7 34#' $5 f *(*&*4&*B3+- T'3+3 .$72 904(+U

400 $5 .'*#' .*00 5$7) &'3 +&47&*(6 9$*(& 5$7 #$))/(*&> 4#&*$( 904((*(6 *( &'3 5/&/73 .373 973+3(&31 &$

4 )$#2 5$$1 9$0*#> #$/(#*0-

H(?%+- I+,-,10

T'3 5*(40 9'4+3 $5 &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(&

97$Z3#& *(B$0B31 &'3 .7*&*(6 $5 &'*+ :*1103+3;% ?$$1 @++3++)3(& P39$7&- T'3 739$7& .4+

+/D)*&&31 &$ &'3 :*1103+3;% ?$$1

@++3++)3(& ,)903)3(&4&*$( T34) 4(1 73B*3.31 D>

+3B3740 23> )3)D37+ $5 &'3 G&337*(6 =$))*&&33-

=$))3(&+ .373 64&'3731 57$) &'3 =$))*&&33 )3)D3

4(1 73B*+*$(+ .373 )413 &$ &'3 #/773(& 1$#/)3(& D4+3$( &'3 5331D4#2 97$B*131-


20/150

2.0 POPULATION


21/150

VQU /&/N("-J&%

VQT *(6U .'4& &'3*7

D4#267$/(1+ 473U 4(1 *(&7$1/#3+ /+ &$ '$. 9$9/04&*$(+ )4> D3 4553#&31 D> &'3 13&37)*(4(&+ $5 5$$1

+3#/7*&>- T'*+ +3#&*$( 3;4)*(3+ 14&4 937&4*(*(6 &$ &'3 9$9/04&*$( $5 :*1103+3;% (364&*B3 9$9/04&*$( '340&' *++/3+ 0*(231 &$ $7 73+/0&*(6 57$)

&'3 #/773(& 5$$1 +>+&3)i 4(1

F7$B*13 4( $B37B*3. $5 &'3 3#$($)*# #$(1*&*$(+M7340*&*3+ .*&'*( &'3 4734U .'*#' 0*)*& &'3

4##3++ &$ 4(1 455$714D*0*&> $5 '340&'> 5$$1-

*6H@G=>E53I4 :62>?67 ?@ ?3@C *6C43?8 >C7 *34?=310?3@C B.@0=I69 .?>?34?3I4 #>C>7>_ VUTTD

/@E02>?3@C

B76C43?8 >C7

734?=310?3@CD

#>C>7> &C?>=3@,3772646e`

(@C7@C(@C7@C

Y3(+*&> d93$903

937 2)\ec-h ^f-^ ^c\-f oh]-_

@##$71*(6 &$ G&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U :*1103+3;% âs $5 937+$(+ D3*(6 $0137 &'4( _a-

,( I(&47*$U \-cs $5 &'3 9$9/04&*$( *13(&*5> 4+ '4B*(6 @D$7*6*(40 *13(&*&>U .'*03 *( :*1103+3;%U jF$9/04&*$(U F7$Z3#&*$(+ Q @63Ul :4(*5$01 Y4&4 :*(*(6 ,(#-U jG/93713)$6749'*#+Ul

\]^fM\]âU S3DU 4& '&&9AMM...-#$/(&>-)*1103+3;-$(-#4M14&4%#3(&73M13)$6749'*#+%&73(1+M9$9/04&*$(%97$Z3#&*$(+%463%

*(#$)3-

,( 736471+ &$ &'3 (/)D37 $5 73#3(& *))*674(&+U 57$) \]]_%\]^^ :*1103+3;% ^]s 03++ $5 &'3 &$&40 9$9/04&*$( #$(+*+&*(6 $5 *))*674(& 9$9/04&*$(+ #$)94731 &$

I(&47*$U D/& '4+ 7304&*B30> &'3 +4)3 937#3(&463 4+ =4(414-\a

,( :*1103+3;% )403 9473(&+-

:*1103+3;% 53.37 0$.%*(#$)3 54)*0*3+ &'4( &'3 73+& $5 I(&47*$ 4(1 =4(414-

:*1103+3;%831U afUc\a 93$903 *( :*1103+3;%PQF=>PS: =4&40$6/3 ($- ha?]]]\U \]âU S3DU 4&

'&&9AMM...-+&4(-6#-#4M9/DMha5]]]\)M\]â]]^M0*#$%+57%3(6-'&) \`

='*01 Q q$/&' J3&.$72U 4"8$*+3 T*$-/@ ,- G"-/"-: \]âU S3DU 4& 9- `-c]

G&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U ;)+,"-)( R"2@$7"(/ 12*8$3U \]^Û Y4&4 P3g/3+&-

F@0465@27 ?@?>2 >CC0>2 3CI@H6 #>C>7> &C?>=3@ ,3772646e`(@C7@C (@C

@B37463 thÙ^]\ toaUhh\ thfUh_a thc

:31*4( t_Û]h\ t__Ucao tahUòh ta_

->126 Z9 F@0465@27 -@?>2 "CC0>2 JCI@H6 B.@0=I69 %>?3@C>2 F@0465@27 .0=A68_ VUTTD


22/150

*( \]]c +'$.31 &'4& +'30&37+ *( fU]]] 937+$(+ *( 4 >347-c^,( \]^] &'*+

(/)D37 673. &$ ^\U]]] *(1*B*1/40+ 937 >347 4##3++*(6 &'3 +'30&37 +>+&3)c\d'$.3B37U $(0> 4 9$7&*$( $5

&'$+3 .'$ 473 '$)303++ 4##3++ +'30&37+U +$ &'3 (/)D37 $5 '$)303++ 93$903 *+ )/#' '*6'37 &'4( .'4&

+'30&37 B*+*&+ *(1*#4&3e- T'3 =*&> $5

*(50/3(#3+ 57$) &'3 #/773(& 5$$1 +>+&3)-

:*1103+3;%126 R9 .62O`:6E@=?67 /=6A>26CI6 @O *36?>=8`:62>?67 *346>46 B.@0=I69 /0123I F6>2?5 &C?>=3@ .C>E45@?_ VUTVD

.62O =6E@=?67 E=6A>26CI6 @O 736?>=8`=62>?67 7346>46 &C?>=3@ ,3772646e`(@C7@C

Y*4D3&3+ a-_]s a-a]s

N347& 1*+34+3 f-\]s c-h]s

N*6' D0$$1 973++/73 ^f-h]s ^a-f]s

:*1103+3;%9*#40 $5 I(&47*$ .*&' 74&3+ $5 )$7&40*&> 7304&31 &$ &'3 5$00$.*(6 1*3&47>%7304&31 1*+34+3+ d4##$71*(6 &$ &'3 F/D0*# N340&' I(&47*$ G(49+'$&U \]^^eAc_1*4D3&3+U #471*$B4+#/047

1*+34+3U *+#'3)*# '347& 1*+34+3U #373D7$B4+#/047 1*+34+3 4(1 +&7$23- S'*03 :*1103+3; =$/(&> *+ &>9*#40

*( *&+ 74&3+ $5 '347& 1*+34+3 4+ 4 0341*(6 #4/+3 $5 134&' #$)94731 &$ =4(414U as 03++ $5 - T'3 0341*(6 #4/+3 $5 134&' *( =4(414 *+

#4(#37 dc]s $5 134&'+e .'3734+U *( :*1103+3; =$/(&> 4(1 473 N$)303++mUl \]^]U S3DU 4& '&&9AMM4D3$/1+'$$7(-#$)MD0$6Mm9uca

c\T'3 N$)303++ N/DU j=$))/(*&> F7$5*03+U - H3(37400>U $D3+*&> 74&3+ 473 +0*6'&0> '*6'37 5$7 >$/&' 4(1 0$.37

5$7 41/0&+- :*1103+3;% '*6'37 >$/&' $D3+*&> 74&3 4& \_-fs &'4( =4(414 dcs '*6'

&'4( =4(414eU D/& 4 +0*6'&0> 731/#31 41/0& $D3+*&> 74&3 4& ^`-^s d&'3 =4(41*4( 41/0& $D3+*&> 74&3 *+

\f-ose-coT'3 973B403(#3 $5 $D3+*&> *( I(&47*$ 1$3+ ($& 1*5537 )/#' 57$) &'3 (4&*$(40 4B37463-c`

N4B*(6 $764(*831 9'>+*#40 4#&*B*&> 4(1 '340&'> 5$$1 4B4*04D03 &$ 400 73+*13(&+ $5 :*1103+3;%+*#40 4#&*B*&> *+

3;93(+*B3 +$ *&L+ *)9$7&4(& &$ '4B3 5733 $7 0$. #$+& $9&*$(+ 4B4*04D03- =$))/(*&> 64713(+ 4#'*3B3

D$&' $5 &'3+3 6$40+U 4+ 93$903 473 73g/*731 &$ D3 9'>+*#400> 4#&*B3 4+ &'3> &3(1 &$ &'3 64713( 4(1 &'3

40+$ 64*( 4##3++ &$ 573+' 57/*&+ 4(1 B363&4D03+-

:*1103+3;%)3(&U 4(1 &'3 0$#40 3#$($)>-

,( 736471+ &$ 31/#4&*$( 03B30U &>9*#40 $5 =4(414 4(1 I(&47*$ *( *&+ 03B30 $5

31/#4&*$(U .'*03 :*1103+3; &3(1+ &$ '4B3 4 0$.37 9$9/04&*$( $5 &'$+3 .*&' 4 /(*B37+*&> 31/#4&*$( $7

'*6'37- :*1103+3; '4+ 4 '*6'37 97$9$7&*$( $5 93$903 *( 49973(&*#3+'*9+ 4(1 73#3*B*(6 4 #$00363

31/#4&*$(U 4+ .300 4+U '*6'37 97$9$7&*$(+ $5 &'$+3 .*&' ($ #37&*5*#4&3 $7 1*90$)4 4(1 '*6' +#'$$0

31/#4&*$(-f^

T'3 &4D03 D30$. +'$.+ &'3 31/#4&*$( 03B30+ $5 &'$+3 *( :*1103+3;U *( &'3 =4(41*4( F$9/04&*$( @5&37 =$773#&*(6 5$7 P3+9$(13(& C*4+Ul \]^\U S3DU 4&'&&9AMM...-+&4(-6#-#4M9/DMo\%_\f%;M\]^f]]^M47&*#03M^^`\\%3(6-'&)-c`

G&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U jN340&' 4& 4 H04(#3A @1Z/+&*(6 &'3 G#403+A ID3+*&> *( &'3 =4(41*4( F$9/04&*$( @5&37 =$773#&*(6 5$7

P3+9$(13(& C*4+Ul \]^\U S3DU 4& '&&9AMM...-+&4(-6#-#4M9/DMo\%_\f%;M\]^f]]^M47&*#03M^^`\\%3(6-'&)-f]

:*(*+&7> $5 N340&' 4(1


23/150

->126 \9 /6=I6C?>G6 @O /@E02>?3@C 18 )70I>?3@C (6A62 B.@0=I69 %>?3@C>2 F@0465@27 .0=A68_ VUTTD

/6=I6C?>G6 @O E@E02>?3@C >G67 TZ 86>=4

>C7 @A6= 18 53G564? I6=?3O3I>?6_ 73E2@H> @=

76G=66

#>C>7> &C?>=3@,3772646e`

(@C7@C(@C7@C ,3772646e

T$&40 9$9/04&*$( 4631 â >347+ 4(1 $B37 o^s o^s o\s o\s o]s

J$ #37&*5*#4&3U 1*90$)4 $7 136733 ^_s âs ^fs ^fs ^hs

N*6' +#'$$0 1*90$)4 $7 3g/*B403(& \^s \\s \cs \cs \fs

F$+&+3#$(147> #37&*5*#4&3U 1*90$)4 $7

136733ffs ffs ffs f_s c`s

@9973(&*#3+'*9 $7 &7413+ #37&*5*#4&3 $7

1*90$)4`s _s _s _s hs

=$00363U ="H"F $7 $&'37 ($(%/(*B37+*&>

#37&*5*#4&3 $7 1*90$)4âs ^_s ôs ôs ^`s

E(*B37+*&> #37&*5*#4&3 $7 1*90$)4 D30$.

D4#'30$7 03B30fs cs cs cs \s

E(*B37+*&> #37&*5*#4&3U 1*90$)4 $7 136733 4&

D4#'30$7 03B30 $7 4D$B3^hs ^`s ^hs ^`s ^]s

C4#'30$7W+ 136733 ^^s ^\s ^]s ^^s hs

E(*B37+*&> #37&*5*#4&3U 1*90$)4 $7 136733

4D$B3 D4#'30$7 03B30_s hs hs os fs

T'3 &$9 5*B3 *(1*+&7*3+ *( :*1103+3;%

=4(414U I(&47*$U U 467*#/0&/73 *+ $(3 $5 &'3 &$9 5*B3

$##/94&*$(+ *( :*1103+3;U D/& *+ ($& *( =4 >C7 &A6= 18F3G564? #6=?3O3I>?6_ *3E2@H> @= *6G=66 B.@0=I69

%>?3@C>2 F@0465@27 .0=A68_ VUTTD

2 F@0465@27

.0=A68_ VUTTD

JK%-(LT7$

B$*'$-+)9$ "5 +7$

B"B2()+,"- )9$@ PV

)-/ )J"8$ 3$)*@ "5

)9$ ,- E,//($@$AFG"-/"- ,@ '"-@,@+$-+

I,+7 +7$ -)+,"-)(

)-/ B*"8,-',)(

)8$*)9$ I,+7 "-(3 )

PF=W 8)*,)-'$K


24/150

T'3 (/)D37 $5 93$903 4(1 '$/+3'$01+ 73#3*B*(6 +$#*40 4++*+&4(#3 *( :*1103+3;%347+- ,( \]]_U _-as $5 &'3 9$9/04&*$(U 4(1 `-_s $5 '$/+3'$01+ 73#3*B31 I(&47*$

Y*+4D*0*&> G/99$7& F7$674) dIYGFe 4(1 I(&47*$ S$72+ dISe- ,( K/(3 $5 \]^fU &'3+3 (/)D37+ 7$+3 &$

o-\s $5 &'3 :*1103+3;% cas- G*(#3 \]^Û &'3 IYGF #4+30$41 '4+ D33( 67$.*(6 54+&37 &'4( &'3 IS

#4+30$41-fc@+ $5 \]^fU &'3 IS #4+30$41 *+ 97*)47*0> 73973+3(&31 D> 93$903 $B37 &'3 463 $5 ô dhas $5

#4+30$41eU +*(603 *(1*B*1/40+ d_f-cs $5 #4+30$41eU 4(1 '$/+3'$01+ $5 54)*0*3+ .*&' #'*0173( /(137 &'3

463 $5 +3B3( d$B37 $(3%&'*71 $5 '$/+3'$01+e-ff

fc='*01 Q q$/&' J3&.$72U 4"8$*+3 T*$-/@ ,- G"-/"-U \]^ : F7*(&U 4& 9-^^-

ff=*&> $5 )3(& 74&3e *+ 7304&*B30> *( 0*(3 .*&'

I(&47*$ dh-cs /(3)90$>)3(& 74&3e 4(1 =4(414 d_-`s /(3)90$>)3(& 74&3e- ,( @97*0 \]âU :*1103+3;

)3(& 74&3 .4+ 73#$7131 4+ _-csU ]-hs 0$.37 &'4( I(&47*$L+ /(3)90$>)3(& 74&3

h-]s-fa

faG&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U 4& '&&9+AMM...-*(B3+&*()*1103+3;-#4M14&4%#3(&73M.$725$7#3%97$5*03M/(3)90$>)3(&%74&3%&73(1

:6?>32 ?=>76 :6?>32 ?=>76:6?>32 ?=>76

:6?>32 ?=>76

F6>2?5 I>=6

>C7 4@I3>2 >4434?>CI6

F6>2?5 I>=6

>C7 4@I3>2 >4434?>CI6 F6>2?5 I>=6

>C7 4@I3>2 >4434?>CI6 F6>2?5 I>=6

>C7 4@I3>2 >4434?>CI6

,>C0O>I?0=3CG

,>C0O>I?0=3CG

,>C0O>I?0=3CG,>C0O>I?0=3CG

)70I>g@C>2 46=A3I64)70I>g@C>2 46=A3I64

)70I>g@C>2 46=A3I64

/0123I >7H3C34?=>g@C /=@O6443@C>2_ 4I36CghI

>C7 ?6I5C3I>2 46=A3I64

"II@HH@7>g@C

>C7 O@@7 46=A3I64

#@C4?=0Ig@C

"G=3I02?0=6_ O@=64?=8_

h453CG >C7 50CgCG

#>C>7> &C?>=3@ (@C7@C ,3772646e

]

\

f

_

o

^]

^\

\]]^ \]]\ \]]c \]]f \]]a \]]_ \]]h \]]o \]]` \]^] \]^^ \]^\ \]^c \]^f

:*1103+3;%?34?3I4 #>C>7>_ VUURD

?64 B.@0=I69 %>?3@C>2 F@0465@27 .0=A68D


25/150

:49+ 97$B*131 D> &'3 :*1103+3;%- ,( \]^]U \_-fs $5

'$/+3'$01+ *( :*1103+3;%'340&'+&4&+-'340&'/(*&-#$)M*(1*#4&$7M+$#*40%13&37)*(4(&+%'340&'M3)90$>)3(&

+93(1 )$73 &'4( c]s $5 &'3*7 *(#$)3 $( $.(31 +'30&37-fh,( \]]_U (/)D37+ .373 )/#' '*6'37 .*&'

\a-os $5 '$/+3'$01+ d^_oUfo] '$/+3'$01+e +93(1*(6 c]s $7 )$73 $5 &'3*7 *(#$)3 $( '$/+*(6- T'*+

#$)9473+ &$ &'3 97$B*(#*40 74&3 $5 \h-hs- T'3 )/(*#*940*&*3+ *( :*1103+3;% 4(1 455$714D*0*&> ($7)+-f`

fhG&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U 0"'2@ "- D$"9*)B73 1$*,$@: =>PP C$-@2@U \]^^U S3DU 4&8$$9:;;


26/150

#@4? @O > %0?=3?3@04 4L6?

T'3 #$+& $5 4 J/&7*&*$/+ ?$$1 C4+23& '309+ /+ &$ /(137+&4(1 '$. )/#' 93$903 473 73g/*731 &$ 94> 5$7

(/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1 D4+31 $( &'3 4734 *( .'*#' &'3> 0*B3 *( I(&47*$- @##$71*(6 &$ &'3 J/&7*&*$/+ ?$$1

C4+23& P39$7& d\]âe &'3 .3320> #$+& $5 &'3 J/&7*&*$/+ ?$$1 C4+23& 5$7 4 54)*0> $5 5$/7 *( :*1103+3;%

347+i 4 D$> 4631 ^f%ô >347+i 4(1 4 6*70 4631 f%o >347+e- T'3 #$+& $5 4 J/&7*&*$/+ ?$$1 C4+23& 5$7 4

+*(603 41/0& )403 '4+ 40+$ *(#734+31 +*(#3 04+& >347i *( \]âU &'3 #$+& $5 4 J/&7*&*$/+ ?$$1 C4+23& *(

:*1103+3;%2?58 )>?3CG

T'3 =$+& $5 N340&'> "4&*(6af+'$.+ &'4& D4+31 $( \]â 14&4U 4 +*(603 *(1*B*1/40 d)403e .'$ 73#3*B3+

I(&47*$ S$72+ 4(1 400 D3(35*&+ 4(1 #731*&+U 73#3*B3+ thf] 4 )$(&'- T'3 thf] 4 )$(&' 1$3+ ($&

97$B*13 413g/4&3 5/(1+ &$ #$B37 &'3 D4+31 (331+ $5 '$/+*(6 4(1 5$$1 dt_^_ *+ (33131 5$7 73(& 4(1

t\`] *+ (33131 5$7 5$$1U D4+31 $( &'3 J/&7*&*$/+ ?$$1 C4+23& G/7B3>U .'*#' 034B3+ 4 135*#*& $5 t^__ 4

)$(&'- ,1 411*&*$( &$ &'3+3 #$+&+U +*(603 *(1*B*1/40+ 73#3*B*(6 I(&47*$ S$72+ +&*00 (331 &$ 94> 5$7 '34&

4(1 '>17$U &74(+9$7&4&*$(U #'*01#473U 9'$(3M*(&37(3&U #0$&'*(6U )31*#40 #$+&+U 937+$(40 #473 *&3)+U 3-T'3735$73U &'3> )/+& '4B3 #/&+ 4(1 +4#7*5*#3+ &$ +/7B*B3 d+/#' 4+ 9$$7 g/40*&> 5$$1e 4+ &'3> 1$(W& 3B3(

'4B3 3($/6' )$(3> &$ 94> 5$7 73(& 4(1 5$$1 40$(3- T'3 +*&/4&*$( *+ +0*6'&0> D3&&37 5$7 4 54)*0> $5 5$/7

d&.$ 41/0&+U &.$ #'*0173(eU D/& *+ +&*00 *(413g/4&3- @ 54)*0> $5 5$/7 .'$ 73#3*B3+ I(&47*$ S$72+ 4(1 400

D3(35*&+ 4(1 #731*&+U 73#3*B3+ t\^`_ 4 )$(&'- I5 &'*+ t\^`_U t^^ha *+ +93(& $( 73(&U 4(1 to_] *+ +93(&

$( 5$$1- T'*+ 034B3+ 4 73)4*(*(6 t^_] 1$0047+ &$ +93(1 $( $&'37 7303B4(& #$+&+ *13(&*5*31 4D$B3- G33

T4D03 o 5$7 4 D73421$.( $5 &'3+3 #$+&+- ?7$) &'*+ 14&4U .3 #4( +33 &'4& &'3 )$+& B/0(374D03 73+*13(&+U

D$&' *(1*B*1/40+ 4(1 54)*0*3+U *( :*1103+3;% &$ )33& &'3*7 D4+*#

(331+- ,( \]^fU &'*+ )34(& &'4& 4997$;*)4&30> c_U`c^ 73+*13(&+ $5 :*1103+3;%U \]^cU F7*(&U 4& 9-^-a\

:*1103+3;% P3+/0&+ 4(1 ,)90*#4&*$(+ 5$7

H$B37()3(& F/D0*# F$0*#>U \]âU F7*(&U 4& 9-\-af

:*1103+3;% 5$$1U $99$7&/(*&*3+ .'373 93$903 #$$2 &$63&'37 4+ 4

67$/9 #4( '309 &$ )423 5$$1 )$73 455$714D03 4+ 5$$1 #$+&+ 473 &'3 '*6'3+& .'3( #$$2*(6 5$7 4 +*(603

*(1*B*1/40-

->126 X9 ,@C?528 JCI@H6 >C7 # @4? @O (3A3CG .I6C>=3@4 3C , 3772646e`(@C7@C B.@0=I69 ,3772646e`(@C7@C F6>2?5 NC3?_

VUTZD

.3CG26 ,>C @C

&C?>=3@

'@=L4

.3CG26 ,>C @C

&*./

.3CG26

'@H>C &A6=

\U B&27 "G6

.6I0=3?8d

+0>=>C?667JCI@H6

.6I0=3?8D

H328 @O W

&C?>=3@

'@=L4

H328 @O W

,3C3H0H

'>G6 )>=C6=

H328 @O

,673>C

JCI@H6 B>O

?>eD

JCI@H6 BJCI2073CG

K6C6O3?4 f #=673?4Dthf] t^^`c tâff t\^`_ t\oo\ t_à\

)4?3H>?67 :6C?i t_^_ thoo thoo t^^ha t^^ha t^^ha

PV - E&*0*&>

#$+&+ )4> $7 )4> ($& D3 *(#0/131 *( &'3 73(&40 3+&*)4&3+-

xx F3$903 +&*00 (331 5/(1+ 5$7 /&*0*&*3+U 9'$(3U &74(+9$7&4&*$(U #034(*(6 +/990*3+U 937+$(40 #473 *&3)+U #0$&'*(6U 6*5&+U

3(&37&4*()3(&U *(&37(3&U +#'$$0 +/990*3+U )31*#40 4(1 13(&40 #$+&+ 4(1 $&'37 #$+&+-

T'3 :*1103+3;%+A

F$9/04&*$( 13(+*&> d:*1103+3;% 731/#31 *(#$)3 #$)94731 &$ I(&47*$

4+ 4 .'$03U 4+ )/#' 4+ ^fs 03++-

9*#40 *( *&+ 74&3+ $5 '347& 1*+34+3 4+ 4 0341*(6

#4/+3 $5 134&' #$)94731 &$ =4(414U #$)94731 &$


27/150

VQV +>E4 3C $C@Y267G6

T'373 4 53. 9*3#3+ $5 *(5$7)4&*$( 736471*(6 &'3 9$9/04&*$( &'4& .4+ ($& 4B4*04D03 5$7 &'3 :*1103+3;%

$5 C7 "446?4

:*1103+3;% $99$7&/(*&*3+ 5$7

73+*13(&+ 4+ &'3> '4B3 64*(31 )$73 +2*00+ 4(1 2($.03163 &'7$/6' &'3*7 +&/1*3+ 4(1 473 &'3735$73i

D3&&37 3g/*9931 &$ 347( 4 .300%94>*(6 Z$D-

,( 736471+ &$ #$))/(*&*3+U &'373 *+ &'3 #/0&/740 4(1 +9*7*&/40 4++3& $5 4 04763 3+&4D0*+'31 #$))/(*&> $5

*(1*63($/+ 93$903+ d*13(&*5*31 D> 23> *(5$7)4(&+e- ,( 411*&*$(U :*1103+3;% 47$/(1 5$$1 +>+&3) *++/3+ 4+ $(3 $5 &'3*7 +&73(6&'+- E(*&31

#$))/(*&*3+ #4( '309 5/30 #'4(63 *( &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)U 4(1 $&'37 4734+U 4+ &'3> 473 4D03 &$ )$D*0*83

)$73 93$903 $( &'3 *++/3+ 4(1 +97341 4.473(3++ 4D$/& *++/3+ 4(1 $99$7&/(*&*3+-

F$9/04&*$( 13(+*&> *+ 40+$ 4( 4++3& $5 :*1103+3; =$/(&> 4+ 0$.37 13(+*&> 400$.+ 5$7 5$$1 97$1/#&*$( $(

4 047637 +#403 &$ &423 904#3 d4 )4&37*40 4++3&e-

I5 &'3 4++3&+ .*&'*( F$9/04&*$(U $B37 '405 473 #/0&/740 4(1 +9*7*&/40 4++3&+-

T4D03 ` 0*+&+ 400 $5 &'3 +&73(6&'+ 4(1 4++3&+ *13(&*5*31 &'7$/6' &'3 #$))/(*&> 5$$1 4++3++)3(& 97$#3++

&'4& 937&4*( &$ &'*+ +3#&*$( $5 &'3 739$7& d9034+3 +33 ^-\ 5$7 @++3& 126 S9 .?=6CG?54 >C7 "446?4 Y3?53C /@E02>?3@C

/&/N("-J&%

^- :*1103+3; =$/(&> '4+ 4 0$. 9$9/04&*$( 13(+*&>U 400$.*(6 5$$1 97$1/#&*$( $( 4 047637 +#403 &$ &423

904#3

\- "+&4D0*+'31 #$))/(*&> $5 ,(1*63($/+ 93$903+U 73+37B3+U ,(1*4( ?7*3(1+'*9 =3(&73+

c- @#&*B3 4(1 #$((3#&31 #$))/(*&> d#$))/(*&> 67$/9+e

f- 4(1 #$00363 6741/4&3+

VQW "=6>4 ?@ #02?3A>?6

S*&'*( F$9/04&*$( &'373 .373 &.$ )4*( 4734+ *( (331 $5 #/0&*B4&*$(U &'3 973B403(#3 $5 5$$1%7304&31

'340&' *++/3+ 4(1 &'3 973B403(#3 $5 5$$1 *(+3#/7*&> d.'*#' #4( #$(&7*D/&3 &$ 5$$1%7304&31 '340&'*++/3+e- ,( 736471+ &$ 5$$1%7304&31 '340&' *++/3+U :*1103+3;%$/&' $D3+*&> 74&3 *+ '*6'37 &'4( &'3 =4(41*4( 4B37463- :4(> 73+*13(&+ 40+$ +/5537 57$)

'347& 1*+34+3 4(1 1*4D3&3+- T'3+3 +&4&*+&*#+ 473 3+93#*400> #$(#37(*(6 4+ 93$903 #4( 6734&0> 0$.37 &'

#'4(#3 $5 '4B*(6 &'3+3 '340&' *++/3+ D> 0*B*(6 4 '340&'> 0*53+&>03 d3-6- '340&'> 5$$1U 3;37#*+3U ($&

+)$2*(6ei '$.3B37U 3B*13(#3 +'$.+ )4(> 73+*13(&+ 473 ($& 974#&*#*(6 4 '340&'> 0*53+&>03- \]^^ 14&4

+'$.+ &'4& o`s $5 :*1103+3;%347+ 4(1 $0137e 1$ ($& 34& &'3 73#$))3(131

4)$/(& $5 57/*& 4(1 B363&4D03+ 34#' 14>- G$)3 73+*13(&+ +&7/6603 &$ )33& &'3+3 1*3& 73g/*73)3(&+

1/3 &$ &'3 04#2 $5 455$714D03 (/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1- S*&' &'3 4B37463 *(#$)3 ^fs 0$.37 &'4( &'3 97$B*(#3

+$)3 73+*13(&+ '4B3 *(413g/4&3 *(#$)3+ &$ 455$71 '340&'> 1*3&+ 4(1 $5&3( 9/7#'4+3 (/&7*3(& 135*#*3

5$$1U 4+ *& *+ $5&3( #'34937 &'4( (/&7*3(& 7*#' 5$$1- T'3 #$+& $5 4 J/&7*&*$/+ ?$$1 C4+23& *+ 7304&*B30>

&'3 +4)3 4+ &'3 97$B*(#*40 4B37463i '$.3B37U 0$.37 4B37463 *(#$)3+ )423 (/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1 1*55*#/0& &

455$71-T'3+3 +4)3 *++/3+U 4)$(6 $&'37+U 0341 &$ 5$$1 *(+3#/73 9$9/04&*$(+-

,( :*1103+3;% $7 +3B3730> 5$$1 *(+3#/73 *(

\]^^- ,& *+ ($& $(0> &'$+3 73+*13(&+ .'$ 1$ ($& .$72 d$( +$#*40 4++*+&4(#3e &'4& #4(($& 455$71 4 97$93

1*3&U 4+ `-cs $5 93$903 .'$ 4##3++ 5$$1 D4(2+ 473 947& $5 &'3 .$72*(6 9$$7-aa,& *+ 0*230> &'4& )$73

aa I(&47*$ @++$#*4&*$( $5 ?$$1 C4(2+UR2-9$* !$B"*+U \]^fU F7*(&U 4& 9-^`-

j@+ 4 0$. *(#$)3 73+*13(& , #4( +4> &'4& )$+& B363&4D03+ 473

73400> 3;93(+*B3- @+ )/#' 4+ .3 .4(& &$ 34& )$73 B363&4D03+U

k$/7 D/163& #4(L& 455$71 *&-l

X 12*8$3 !$@B"-/$-+


28/150

93$903 .'$ 473 947& $5 &'3 .$72*(6 #04++ 73g/*73 5$$1 57$) &'3 5$$1 D4(2 4+ $(0> 4D$/& \as $5 5$$1

*(+3#/73 93$903 4##3++ 5$$1 D4(2+-a_T$ 5/7&'37 +/99$7& &'*+ #04*)U ah-as $5 I(&47*$ 54)*0*3+ .'$

.373 5$$1 *(+3#/73 *( \]^c .373 947& $5 &'3 04D$/7 5$7#3-ah

,(413g/4&3 *(#$)3+ 4(1M$7 /(455$714D03 '$/+*(6 #4( 5$7#3 73+*13(&+ *(&$ 4 +*&/4&*$( .'373 &'3>

97*$7*&*83 94>*(6 5$7 +'30&37 4(1 /&*0*&*3+U $B37 4 (/&7*&*$/+ 1*3&- ,( \]^\U ^^s $5 &'3 &$&40 9$9/04&*$( *(

:*1103+3;%)3(&+U 034B*(6 4( *(+/55*#*3(& 4)$/(& $5 )$(3> 5$7 5$$1- @11*&*$(400>U o-as :*1103+3;%

31 *( \]^^U )42*(6 *& 1*55*#/0& 5$7 &'3) &$ #$(+/)3 4 (/&7*&*$/+ 1*3&-

VQZ &EE@=?0C3?364 O@= #5>CG6

,( 4( 355$7& &$ 13&37)*(3 :*1103+3;% 530& &'3+3 *++/3+ .373- S'3( 4+231 '$. *)9$7&4(& 73+*13(&+ &'$/6'& *& .4+ &'4& '340&'> 5$$1 *+

455$714D03 5$7 3B37>$(3 *( :*1103+3;% 467331l &'4& &'*+ .4+

*)9$7&4(& &$ &'3)- @ +&7$(6 03B30 $5 +/99$7& .4+ 40+$ +33( .'3( 4+231 .'3&'37 73+*13(&+ &'$/6'& *&

.4+ *)9$7&4(& &'4& 5$$1%7304&31 '340&' 97$D03)+ 473 973B3(&31 *( :*1103+3;% ($&31 4+ 4( $99$7&/(*&> &$ 3(#$/7463 93$903 &$ 34

)$73 (/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1- C/*01*(6 )$73 #$))/(*&> 64713(+ 4(1 +#'$$0 64713(+ 473 &.$ .4>+ &$ 97$)$

/7D4( 467*#/0&/73U 4+ *+ 97$B*1*(6 .$72+'$9+ .'373 93$903 0347( &$ 64713( +$ &'4& &'3> )4> 1$ +$ $(

&'3*7 $.( 97$937&>- T'7$/6' 64713(*(6U 93$903 473 97$B*131 4##3++ &$ (/&7*&*$/+ 5$$1U 2339 9'>+*#44#&*B3 4(1 40+$ *(#734+3 &'3*7 2($.03163 4D$/& &'3 5$$1 +>+&3)- T'3 974#&*#3 $5 /7D4( 467*#/0&/73 #4

40+$ '309 &$ 731/#3 &'3 973B403(#3 $5 5$$1 *(+3#/7*&>-

T$ 4++*+& *( 13#734+*(6 &'3 4)$/(& $5 5$$1 *(+3#/7*&> *( :*1103+3;% '340&'> 5$$1 .'*03 $( 4 D/163& .4+ 97$9$+31- @ 736*$(40 904

&$ *(#734+3 &'3 4)$/(& $5 '340&'> 5$$1 4B4*04D03 4& 5$$1 +37B*#3 0$#4&*$(+ .4+ 40+$ +/663+&31 4+ .4+

904(&*(6 57/*& 4(1 (/& D347*(6 &733+-

,( 736471+ &$ 3)3763(#> 5$$1 0$#4&*$(+U 5$$1 *(+3#/7*&> 74&3+ #$/01 13#734+3 D> 97$B*1*(6

*(574+&7/#&/73 &$ 5$$1 D4(2 0$#4&*$(+ d+/#' 4+ #$01 +&$7463 /(*&+e +$ &'4& &'3> #4( +&$73 937*+'4D03

*&3)+- T'3+3 /(*&+ #$/01 D3 +&$#231 &'7$/6' 97$B*1*(6 +/D+*1*3+ &$ +)400%+#403 547)37+ 4+ 4( *(#3(&*B

&$ 1$(4&3 6$$1+ &$ 3)3763(#> 5$$1 0$#4&*$(+-

cs

^s ^s\s

^]s

hhs

_s

G&7$(60> Y*+46733

Y*+46733

G$)3.'4& Y*+46733

J3*&'37 @6733 ($7

Y*+46733

G$)3.'4& @6733

G&7$(60> @6733

Y$(W& R($.

cs

]s]s

^s

cs

oas

os

G&7$(60> Y*+46733

Y*+46733

G$)3.'4& Y*+46733

J3*&'37 @6733 ($7 Y*+46733

G$)3.'4& @6733

G&7$(60> @6733

Y$(W& R($.

C? ?@ /=6A6C? ?67 F6>2?5

/=@126H4 3C ,3772646e`(@C7@C

C? ?5>?

F6>2?58


29/150

2.0 POPULATION

36,

48,307

54,325

Residents onSocial Assistance

Low IncomeResidents

Residents Spending< 30% of Income onHousing

3%

0% 0% 1%

3%

85%

8%

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Somewhat Disagree

Neither Agree nor

Disagree

Somewhat Agree

Strongly Agree

Don't Know

IT IS IMPORTANT THAT HEALTHY FOOD IS

AFFORDABLE FOR EVERYONE

MIDDLESEX-LONDON

$74,765

ONTARIO

$85,772

Total

Annual

Household

Income

DIETARY-RELATEDDISEASE

459,821 PEOPLE INMIDDLESEX-LONDON

383,817PEOPLE INLONDON

76,004PEOPLE IN

MIDDLESEXCOUNTY

5

HIGHBLO

ODPRESSURE

DIABETES

ASE


30/150

3.0 FOOD

PRODUCTION


31/150

[QU 9$&3(&*40

$99$7&/(*&*3+ &$ +&73(6&'3( *&-

T'3 $DZ3#&*B3+ $5 &'*+ +3#&*$( 473A

T$ 97$B*13 4( $B37B*3. $5 0$#40 467*#/0&/73 *( &'3 4734i

T$ 97$B*13 4( 4##$/(& $5 +/+&4*(4D03 $7 40&37(4&*B3 5$$1 97$1/#&*$(i 4(1

T$ 97$B*13 4( 4##$/(& $5 4#&*B*&> *( 0$#40 4(1 #$))/(*&>%D4+31 5$$1 97$1/#&*$(U .'*#'

*(#0/13+ +)40037%+#403U 40&37(4&*B3 $7 ($(%&741*&*$(40 5$7)+ $5 5$$1 97$1/#&*$(-

:$73 +93#*5*#400>U &'*+ +3#&*$( 0$$2+ 4& &'3 (/)D37U &>93U 4(1 +*83 $5 547)+ *( :*1103+3;% 547)+ 473 97$1/#*(6 #37&*5*31 4(1

&74(+*&*$(40 $764(*# 97$1/#&+- T'3 (/)D37 $5 $9374&$7+ $( 547)+ 4(1 &'3 4B37463 463 $5 $9374&$7+U *(

411*&*$( &$ 4((/40 67$++ 547) 73#3*9&+ 4(1 *)9$7&M3;9$7& 14&4U +37B3 &$ #$(&3;&/40*83 &'*+ *(5$7)4&*$(-

?*(400>U 4( 4##$/(& $5 5$$1 97$1/#&*$( 4& &'3 0$#40 4(1 #$))/(*&> 03B30 '309+ &$ 13&37)*(3 *5

#$(B3(&*$(40 d04763%+#403e 467*#/0&/740 97$1/#&*$( *+ D3*(6 #$/(&37D404(#31 D> 40&37(4&*B3 d+)400%+#403e

5$$1 +>+&3) 4#&*B*&>-

=H2>C7

T'3 547)04(1 4734 *( :*1103+3;% f^s *(

:*1103+3; =$/(&> S3+&- @+ 4 73+/0&U *& *+ D3#$)*(6 )$73 1*55*#/0& 5$7 (3. 4(1 3;*+&*(6 547)37+ &$

*(#734+3 &'3*7 97$5*&4D*0*&> &'7$/6' 04(1 9/7#'4+3-

->126 TU9 /=3I6 E6= "I=6 O@= =H2>C7 3C ,3772646e`(@C7@C_ VUTV`VUTW B.@0=I69 :)d,"] =H :6E@=?_ VUTW >C7 :)d,"]

,>=L6? -=6C74_ =H )73?3@C_ VUTVD

VUTU VUTT VUTV VUT[ VUTW

:*1103+3; =$/(&>

"4+&

toU]]] tÙ]]] t^]Ua]] t^\U]]] t^\U]]]

:*1103+3; =$/(&>

S3+&taU]]] t_U]]] thUa]] t^\U]]] toUa]]

T\G&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U jG6 B.@0=I69 #6C404 @O "G=3I02?0=6_ VUTTD

=H3CG >C7 =H .3c6

@##$71*(6 &$ &'3 \]^^ =3(+/+ $5 @67*#/0&/73U &'3 &$&40 (/)D37 $5 547)+ *( :*1103+3;% 4 (3. 739$7& d\]^^ =3(+/+ $5 @67*#/0&/73e &'4& 73B340+ =4(41*4( 467*#/0&/73 *+ 749*1

#$(+$0*14&*(6 4(1 &'3 +*83 $5 54)*0> 547)+ *+ 67$.*(6 4& 4( /(973#313(&31 74&3-l_^

T]G&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U jH733('$/+3 @734Ul C$-@2@ "5 69*,'2(+2*$U \]^^-ZAG&4&*+&*#+ =4(414U jJ/)D37 $5 =3(+/+ ?47)+ D> =$/(&>l C$-@2@$@ "5 69*,'2(+2*$U ``Û ``_U \]]Û \]]_U 4(1 \]^^-_^

F4/0 S401*3U j?4)*0> ?47)+ 473 ?3.37 4(1 +Ul T7$ D("J$ )-/ E),(U K/(3 ôU \]^\-

a^Ù]f_U oas

faUf\hU hs

^_UoohU cs

âUfaaU cs

^\U\`Ù \s

\c]U ]s

=7$9931


32/150

4& &'3 +*83 d*( 4#73+e $5 547) $9374&*$( *( :*1103+3;% \\-as 4(1 \_s 73+93#&*B30>- S'4& #4(($& D3 13&37)*(31 57$) &'*+ 14&4 *+ .'3&'37 $7 ($& +$)3

$5 &'3+3 +)400 547)+ '4B3 D33( 4)4064)4&31 *(&$ (3. 047637 547)+U (4)30> &'3 h]%^\` 4#73 4(1

a_] 4#73+ 4(1 $B37 +*831 547)+- N$.3B37U *( #$(+*1374&*$( $5 &'3 *(#734+*(6 97*#3 $5 547)04(1 d+33

4D$B3eU 4(1 0$$2*(6 4& D$&' &'3 &>93+ $5 547)+ *( :*1103+3;% 047637

547)+ 97$1/#*(6 #7$9+ 5$7 #$))$1*&> )4723&+-

->126 TT9 %0H16= @O =H4 3C ,3772646e`(@C7@C_ 18 .3c6 B>I=64D @O &E6=>?3@C_ VUUR >C7 VUTT B.@0=I69 #6C404 @O

"G=3I02?0=6_ VUUR_ VUTTD

;6>= T`S "I=64TU`RS

"I=64

\U`TVS

"I=64

T[U`T\S

"I=64

TXU`V[S

"I=64

VWU`[SS

"I=64

WUU`ZZS

"I=64

ZRU "I=64

f &A6=

-@?>2

=H4\]]_ ^f\ _h_ a^] \f\ \\] c]_ ^_c \__ \a\a

\]^^ ^^] _co a^h ^h` \]c \ha ^_^ \_` \ca\

wM% s %\\-a %a-_ h %\_ %h-h %^]-^ %^-\ ^-^ %_-oa

"G=3I02?0=>2 /=@70I?3@C

T'3 &>93+ $5 547)+ *( :*1103+3;% *(1/+&7> d?*6/73 ^he +'$. &'4& $*0+331 4(1

674*( 547)+ 547 $/&(/)D37 4(> $&'37 &>93 $5 547)*(6- T'*+ +/663+&+ &'4& &'3 #4+' #7$99*(6 $5

#$))$1*&*3+ 5$7 4( 3;9$7& )4723& *+ &'3 )4*( 97*$7*&> 4(1 +&73(6&' 5$7 547)+ *( &'3 4734- T'3

#$(#3(&74&*$( $5 #4+' #7$9+ *( &'3 736*$( *+ )413 5/7&'37 499473(& .'3( :*1103+3;%D34(+U 4(1 .'34& d?*6/73+ ôU ^Ù 4(1 \]e

T'*+ *+ 5/7&'37 3B*13(#31 D30$. .'3( #$(+*137*(6 &$&40 67$++ 547) #4+' 73#3*9&+- S*&' 73+93#& &$ $&'

547)*(6 *(1/+&7*3+U +/#' 4+ D335 #4&&03 74(#'*(6U 3B3( &'$/6' &'3 &$&40 (/)D37 $5 547)+ 3(64631 *(

0*B3+&$#2 547)*(6 )423 /9 4 +*6(*5*#4(& 937#3(&463 $5 &'3 736*$(L+ 73)4*(*(6 547) &>93+ d\^-oseU

:*1103+3;% G*83 d4#73+e $5 I9374r$(U \]^^

^^] â` ^]c `c fh

^c\]

a\ c] _]

cho

]

\]]

f]]

_]]

o]]

^]]]

^\]]

^f]]


33/150

S'3( #$)947*(6 &'3 '3#&473+ 131*#4&31 &$ #$7(U +$>D34(U 4(1 .'34&U &$ &'3 )4Z$7 5*301U 57/*&U 4(1

B363&4D03 #7$9+ dD> '3#&473+e 67$.( *( :*1103+3;%?34?3I4 NC3?_ #6C404 @O

"G=3I02?0=6 ,>E4_ VUTTD

=64 @O .

#@0C?8 3C &C?>=3@_ VUTT

.?>?34?3I4 NC3?_ #6C404 @

,>E4_ VUTTD

=64 @O '56>? E6=

#@0C?8 3C &C?>=3@_ VUTT B.@0=I69

.?>?34?3I4 NC3?_ #6C404 @O

"G=3I02?0=6 ,>E4_ VUTTD


34/150

->126 T[ k ,>l@= B56I?>=64D 126 #=@E4 3C ,3772646e`(@C7@C_ #@HE>=67 ?@ &C?>=3@

B.@0=I69 #6C404 @O "G=3I02?0=6_ VUTTD

,>l@= #=@E4_ VUTT ,3772646e`(@C7@C &C?>=3@ m /=@A3CI6

D34(+ __Uaa_ ``hUf`h _-_h

S*(&37 S'34& cÙo]f ffaUâa o-`f

N4> ^cU__] of]U`]^ ^-_\

=$7( 5$7 G*0463 fU_`] ^]Ùàc f-\h

126 #=@E4

H733( F34+ Û`_a _U^^` c\-^^

G.33& =$7( Ûaf` ^]Ucc_ ^f-``

H733( $7 S4; C34(+ hhc cUh^h \]-o]

T$)4&$3+ f] _Uh]^ ]-_]

T'

middlesex london community food assessment report may 2016

Documents