midgut volvulus
DESCRIPTION
medicalTRANSCRIPT
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CASE PRESENTATION
Dr akshay gursale
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History and clinical
examination
A 10 yr old female patient comes
to casualty with complaints of
pain in epigastric region which was
acute in onset since 2-4 days
Bilious vomiting since 2-4 days
A lump was felt in the epigastrium
with localised tenderness
Temperature was slightly raised
Rest parameters were within normal
limits
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Plain X Ray AP View
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Doppler on ultrasound
SMV
SMA
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Barium study showed the following images
Pylorus and
duodenal bulb
noted to the
right
Direction of
barium flow
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The direction
of barium
flow
NGT in
situ
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A NORMAL BARIUM STUDY
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OUR PATIENT
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NORMAL
BARIUM
STUDY
LATERAL
VIEW
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OUR PATIENT
BARIUM STUDY
LATERAL VIEW
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Pylorus
Duodenal
bulb
DJ
flexure
Jejunal
loops
showing
swirling
pattern
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Following barium studies and Ultrasound findings a diagnosis of Malrotation of Gut with Midgut volvulus was made.
Final diagnosis
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Pedicel of the
volvulus
operative
Superior
mesenteric artery
noted along the
pedicel
Mesenteric
attachment of
the pedicel
Segment of
intestine along
the volvulus
Operative picture after
the diagnosis was
made which showed
the volvulus at the SMA
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TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Upper gastrointestinal barium studies are not
obsolete
One can make a FINAL DIAGNOSIS
on base of sonography and barium studies
alone
Compare with normal
appearances of upper GI barium
series to diagnose MALROTATION
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MIDGUT VOLVULUS
EMBRYOLOGY OF ROTATION OF GUT
Gut develops from yolk sac which is further divided into 3 parts
Foregut supplied by Coeliac trunk upto mid 1/3 of duodenum
Midgut supplied by superior mesenteric artery uptodistal transverse colon
And hindgut supplied by inferior mesenteric artery upto anal canal
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The intestine upto 4 weeks is a straight tubular structure
By 12weeks it grows rapidly by some complex steps involving a rotation of 270 degrees and fixation in normal position in abdomen
First duodenum rotates 90 deg counterclockwise to the right of SMA while colon 90 deg to the left of SMA
Then midgut herniated through umbilical cord and duodenum go another 90 deg counterclockwise rotation but colon undergoes no rotation
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By 10 week the bowel returns to the abdominal cavity and the duodenum undergoes the final 90 deg counterclockwise rotation until duodeno-jejunal junction is to the left of spine and the colon rotates by 180 deg until the caecum is in right lower quadrant
This rotation produces a long mesenteric attachment for the bowel
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Salient features of rotation of gut Duodenum describes the c loop with
concavity to patients left and the third part of duodenum to left of midline
SMA runs in front of 3rd part of duodenum
The mesentery run along posteriorly from the ligament of trietz in left upper quadrant to caecum in right lower quadrant preventing its torsion
The ascending colon is fixed in right side of abdomen and desending colon in left side of abdomen
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Malrotation is usually daignosed in upto 75% cases in newborns and upto 90% cases by 1st
year
In individuals with malrotation, the mesenteric attachment of the midgut, particularly the portion from the duodenojejunal junction to the cecum, is abnormally short and is therefore prone to twist counterclockwise around the superior mesenteric artery and vein.
This condition, known as midgut volvulus, may cause intermittent abdominal distention and pain or acute bowel necrosis.
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Duodenal bulb with DJ to the right
Jejunal loops to the right
Stomach to the right
Concavity of C loop to the right
Stomach to left
Duodenal bulb to right
DJ flexure to left
DJ inferior to duodenal bulb
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The normal position of the duodenojejunaljunction is to the left of the left-sided pedicles of the vertebral body at the level of the duodenal bulb on frontal views and posterior (retroperitoneal) on lateral views.
In children with acute duodenal obstruction, the upper GI series may depict a Z-shaped configuration of the duodenum in the presence of obstructing peritoneal bands or a corkscrew-shaped duodenum in the presence of volvulus .
In children who have bowel malrotation without volvulus, the upper GI series shows an abnormal position of the duodenojejunal junction and of the ligament of Treitz
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DJ flexure with duodunalbulb to right
Duodenal bulb with jejunalloops to right
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Proximal dilated stomach
Crockscrew appearance of duodenum
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Normal position of duodenal bulb and c loop of duodenum
Abnormal position of DJ flexure