midterm review

Ground Plan of a Gothic Cathedral: Chartres

Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont,and Renaud de Cormont

East facade of Amiens Cathedral

Amiens, France

begun 1220

Nave of Salisbury Cathedral

Salisbury, England

1220-1258

Plan of the choirVaults of the ambulatory and radiating chapels of the choir

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

Saint Denis, France

1140-1144

West façade of Saint-Maclou

Rouen, France

ca. 1500-1540

North transept of the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis showing: A)tower B)Double Span Flying Buttresses C)Gothic rose window with traceryD)Lancet windows

Flying Buttresses, Notre Dame, Paris

The flying buttress transfers the thrust of the stone roof from the thin nave wall downwards and outwards, enabling the architect to open up the walls into huge stained- glass panels.

Rose Window and lancets

north transept of Chartres Cathedral

Chartres, France

ca. 1220stained glassrose approximately 43 ft. in diameter

Central portal of the West façade of Amiens showing:A)GableB)pointed archivoltC)tympanum D)lintel E)trumeau F)canopy above a carved cornerpieceG)jambs H)socles

DISSEMINATION OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

Royal Portal, west facade

Chartres Cathedral

Chartres, France

ca. 1145-1155

Death of the Virgintympanum of left doorway, south transeptStrasbourg Cathedral

Strasbourg, France

ca. 1230

Saint Theodorejamb statue, Porch of the Martyrs

South transept of Chartres Cathedral

Chartres, France

ca. 1230

SCULPTURE

Gargoyles and marmosets

Notre Dame

Pierrefont

LATE GOTHIC PERIOD

PAINTING

The Late Gothic is the bridge between the Middle Age and the Renaissance. The Crusades and trade that followed from them brought an influx of Byzantine art and artists to western Europeans. This influence appears strongly in the emotionalism of a large wooden crucifixes and icons

In Flanders, two brothers, Jan and Hubert Van Eyck, were working during the first part of the 15th century. They were the first to make use of atmosphere in their paintings. The picture The Arnolfini Portrait is by Jan, the more famous of the brothers. This little picture is one of the earliest to give us the feeling that the figures are standing in space.

Romanesque in Italy

Cathedral Group at Pisa This group of buildings, built from 1053 to 1272 at Pisa, in Italy, includes a campanile (bell tower), better known as the Leaning Tower, rear right; a cathedral, center; and a baptistery, left. The tiers of open colonnades (series of columns) throughout the group are characteristic of the Romanesque style of architecture, which preceded the Gothic style in western Europe. The campanile began leaning during construction due to the settling of the foundation.

Classical Orders The three classical systems of architecture—called orders—were revived and

extended during the Italian Renaissance. Pictured here, left to right, are the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders.

Duomo, Florence, Italy Florence, located in north central Italy, is famous for being the birthplace of the Renaissance. The Renaissance, a period that began in 1300 and lasted 300 years, attracted some of the greatest artists, writers, and sculptors in history to Florence. The eight-sided dome of the cathedral known as the Duomo was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and completed in 1436.

EARLY RENASSANCE ARCHITECTURE

EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE

Ghiberti’s Gates of Paradise The Gates of Paradise are bronze doors created by

Italian Renaissance sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti between 1425 and 1452 for the east entrance to the baptistery of

the Florence Cathedral in Italy.

The Sacrifice of Isaac (1401-1402) is a gilt bronze relief by the Italian Renaissance

sculptor Filippo Brunelleschi. A competition to design door panels for the baptistery of Florence was the impetus for this piece. The relief is attached to a wood

panel shaped like a Gothic quatrefoil, which was a requirement of the

competition.

David, by Donatello Italian sculptor Donatello executed his David, the first nude statue of the Renaissance, about 1430-1435. This

nearly life-size bronze image of the biblical hero was also the first statue since classical antiquity to be cast in the round. Its realism marked a departure from the

conventions of Gothic sculpture, which mostly produced rigid, columnar figures.

RENAISSANCE PAINTINGGIOTTO - The 14th century Florentine painter is often considered the forerunner of Renaissance painting

Ascension by Giotto Italian painter Giotto dedicated an early 13th-century fresco cycle in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, Italy, to the life of Jesus Christ. This panel showing the ascension of Jesus is taken from the New Testament account in the Acts of the Apostles. Christ ascends into heaven on a cloud, hidden from the apostles below. Two men in white robes then announce to the apostles that Christ will one day return to Earth.

Madonna and Child, tempera on wood by Italian artist and monk Fra Filippo Lippi, was painted about

1455. It is an example of Renaissance painting, in which layers of transparent paint are built up slowly to achieve a luminous effect. The deep space in the

background is also typically Renaissance; in this case, the landscape is probably the Arno River valley in

Italy.

Masaccio’s Expulsion from Paradise Expulsion from Paradise (about 1427) is one of six frescoes painted by

Masaccio for the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy. The fresco was influential for its realism, especially the

simplicity and three-dimensionality of the figures, and for the dramatic depiction of the plight of Adam and Eve.

PIERO della FRANCESCA

Federigo da Montefeltro

SANDRO BOTTICELLI

Italian Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli painted La Primavera (Spring) about 1478 for the Medici family. It now hangs in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. The painting’s visual appeal lies in a sensual interplay of shape, color, and rhythm, but interpretations of its meaning derive from Neoplatonic philosophy and Renaissance symbolism.

Venus of Urbino was painted by the Renaissance artist Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) in 1538. The pose was taken from an earlier painting by Giorgione and is a re-creation of the classical Greek nude. This painting embodies the rich color and tone for which Titian was famous; its

pictorial composition is flawless.

Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes between 1508 and 1512. The frescoes are his interpretation of the biblical book of

Genesis, the story of the creation of the world.

Mona Lisa (1503-1506), painted by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, was also known as La Gioconda, possibly referring to

the subject’s husband, banker Zanobi del Giocondo

Leonardo da Vinci was known not only as a masterful painter but as an

architect, sculptor, engineer, and scientist. His pursuit of knowledge

was relentless and his discoveries left lasting changes in the fields of art and science. With his sophisticated skills and love for learning, Leonardo was the quintessential Renaissance man. He painted The Last Supper between

1495 and 1497.

Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper (about 1495-1497) decorates the walls at the monastery of the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. The figure of Christ forms the calm center of the painting, while the disciples seated to his right and left respond in agitation to his announcement that “One of you shall betray me.” The fourth figure from the left end is Judas, who betrays Christ and is shown pulling away

from him in the painting.

Works of leonardo da vinci

Bust of Flora1510sWax, height 67,5 cmStaatliche Museen,Berlin

Flying machinec. 1487Metalpoint, pen and ink on paper, 235 x 176 mmInsritut de France, Paris

Vitruvian Man1492Pen, ink, watercolour and metalpoint on paper, 343 x 245 mmGallerie dell'Accademia, Venice

Madonna of the Goldfinch (1505) by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael is an early example of a series of Madonnas

painted by the artist throughout his life. Leonardo da Vinci’s influence on Raphael can be seen in the way the faces are depicted and in the use of chiaroscuro (although Raphael’s

handling of dark and light is subtler than Leonardo’s).

The School of Athens (1510-1511) is one of several frescoes that Italian Renaissance artist Raphael painted in the Vatican Palace’s Stanza della Segnatura. The fresco depicts ancient

Greek philosophers and scholars, such as Plato and Aristotle (center). The work is considered a masterpiece in the use of perspective and in the portrayal of the artistic ideals of the High

Renaissance.

ARTISTS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE

David, a marble sculpture by the Italian artist Michelangelo, was carved between 1501 and

1504. Unlike earlier versions of David, in which the hero is depicted as triumphant over

Goliath, this David waits for his enemy, body centered but tense. This piece is influenced by the classical nudes of the Greeks but is more

emotionally powerful.

Pietà (1497-1500, Saint Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City), created by

Michelangelo in his early twenties

WORKS OF MICHAEL ANGELO

The ceiling1508-12Fresco

Cappella Sistina, Vatican

THE CEILING’S CLOSEUPS

Drunkenness of Noah1509

Fresco, 170 x 260 cmCappella Sistina, Vatican

The Deluge1508-09


Sacrifice of Noah (with ignudi and medallions)

1509Fresco


The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden1509-10


Creation of Eve (with ignudi and medallions)

1509-10Fresco


Louvre in Paris.Former royal palace, built 1546-1999. Nowadays museum.

THE RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE

Notre Dame in Paris.

• Books done in the most fancy way were called 'Illuminated Manuscripts.'

• Illuminated because it seemed light was coming from them, and manuscripts because they were all one of a kind

Works of breugel

Landscape with the Fall of Icarusc. 1555Oil on canvas, mounted on wood, 73,5 x 112 cmMusées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

The Fall of the Rebel Angels1562Oil on oak, 117 x 162 cmMusées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels

The Tower of Babel1563Oil on oak panel, 114 x 155 cmKunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Dulle Griet (Mad Meg)By; Peter Bruegel

WORKS OF ARCIMBOLDO

Water1566

Oil on woodKunsthistorisches Museum,

Vienna, Austria.

The Vegetable Gardenerc.1590

Oil on woodMuseo Civico Ala Ponzone, Cremona,

Italy.

WORKS OF ARCIMBOLDO

Vertumnus1590-1591

Oil on woodSkoklosters Slott, Balsta,

Sweden

Florac.1591

Oil on woodPrivate collection, Paris,

France

Rosso Fiorentino works:

“Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethroby Rosso Fiorentino (c.1523) at the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.”

“Rosso Fiorentino. Deposition. 1521. Oil on wood. 375 × 196 cm. Pinacoteca Comunale di Volterra, Italy”

“Visitation, 1514-16; Fresco; 392 x 337 cm; SS. Annunziata, Florence”

“Joseph in Egypt, 1515-18; Oil on wood; 96 x 109 cm; National Gallery, London”

“The Deposition from the Cross, 1525-1528.”

Jacopo da Pontormo works:

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