migration images. why people migrate reasons for migrating –push & pull factors economic...
TRANSCRIPT
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Migration Images
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Why People Migrate
• Reasons for migrating– Push & pull factors
• Economic • Cultural • Environmental
– Intervening obstacles/opportunities
• Distance of migration– Internal migration– International migration
• Characteristics of migrants– Gender– Family status
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Refugees: Sources & Destinations
Fig. 3-1: Major source and destination areas of both international and internal refugees.
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Hurricane Katrina Migrants
A major natural disaster represents an environmental push factor for forced migration.
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Scene from The Grapes of Wrath
The Dust Bowl in the 1930s led to forced migration from the Great Plains to California and elsewhere.
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Global Migration Patterns
Fig. 3-2: The major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed countries.
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Net Migration (per population)
Fig. 3-3: Net migration per 1000 population. The U.S. has the largest number of immigrants, but other developed countries also have relatively large numbers.
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Migration to U.S., by Region of Origin
Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.
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New York Harbor and Ellis Island
Ellis Island is connected to New Jersey by bridge. Liberty Island and the Statue of Liberty are south of Ellis Island.
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Ellis Island
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Immigrants to the US
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Migration from Asia to the U.S.
Fig. 3-5: The largest numbers of migrants from Asia come from India, China, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Migration from Latin America to the U.S.
Fig. 3-6: Mexico has been the largest source of immigrants to the U.S., but immigrants have also come from numerous other Latin American nations.
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Undocumented Immigrants in the US
Fig. 3-7: California, Texas, and Florida are the leading destinations for undocumented immigrants to the U.S.
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U.S. - Mexico Border
at Tijuana
The U.S. side of the border is uninhabited and separated from Mexico by a fence
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U.S. States as Immigrant Destinations
Fig. 3-8: California is the destination of about 25% of all US immigrants; another 25% go to New York and New Jersey. Other important destinations include Florida, Texas, and Illinois.
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Guest Workers in
Europe
Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.
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Turkish Kebab Stand in Germany
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Emigration from China
Fig. 3-10: Various ethnic Chinese peoples have distinct patterns of migration to other Asian countries.
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Migration of Vietnamese Boat People
Fig. 3-11: Many Vietnamese fled by sea as refugees after the war with the U.S. ended in 1975. Later boat people were often considered economic migrants.
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Anti-Immigration Protest in
Spain
Spanish youths attacked Moroccan immigrants in El Ejido, Spain after an alleged murder.
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Migration within a Country
• Migration between regions of a country– Migration between regions within the U.S– Migration between regions in other countries
• Migration within one region– Rural-urban migration– Urban-suburban migration– Migration from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan regions
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Center of Population in the U.S.
Fig. 3-12: The center of U.S. population has consistently moved westward, with the migration of people to the west. It has also begun to move southward with migration to the southern sunbelt.
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Echo Canyon, northeastern Utah
Echo Canyon was one of many obstacles to 19th century wagon trains heading west.
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Interregional Migration in the U.S.
Fig. 3-13: Average annual migrations between regions in the U.S. in 1995 and in 2003
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U.S. Interregional Migration, 1995
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U.S. Interregional Migration, 2003
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Brasilia, Brazil
Brasilia was created as Brazil’s new capital in 1960 and since then has attracted thousands of migrants in search of jobs.
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Intraregional Migration in the U.S.
Fig. 3-14: Average annual migration among urban, suburban, and rural areas in the U.S. during the 1990s. The largest flow was from central cities to suburbs.
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Net Migration by County, 2000-04
Fig. 3-15: Rural counties in the southwest and Florida have had net in-migration, while there has been net out-migration from rural counties in the Great Plains