MigrationThis map shows Americans’ ancestry, or roots, by county. A third of all Americans describe their ancestors as German, Irish, or English. Almost a tenth identify their ancestors as African-American.

Migration:

• The movement of people from one place in the world to another place, usually across a political boundary, to live in a new place.

Types of Migration

• Immigration: people move to a new country (Immigrants)– Internal Migration: Moving to a new home

within a state, country, or continent.– External Migration: Moving to a new home in a

different state, country, or continent.

Types of Migration

(Cont’d)

• Emigration: people leave from a country to move to another (Emigrants)

Types of Migration (Cont’d)

• Involuntary Migration: When a government forces a large group of people out of a region– Usually based on ethnicity or religion. – Ex: Native Americans forced on reservations,

Japanese Internment Camps during WWII

Why Do People Migrate?

• People consider the advantages and disadvantages of moving

• These are called Push Factors and Pull Factors

Push Factors:• Reasons for emigrating

(leaving a place)

Pull Factors:• Reasons for immigrating

(moving into a place)

Types of Push/Pull Factors:

• Environmental: Climate or natural disaster– Ex: New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina

• Political: War, Persecution– Ex: Iraqis fleeing to neighboring countries

• Economic: Work– Ex: Migrant workers from Mexico follow harvests

• Cultural: Religious freedom, education– Ex: The first colonists in N. America

Types of Push/Pull Factors: (Cont’d)

Refugee:• A person who is residing outside the country

of his origin due to fear of persecution for his race, religion, nationality, or political views.

Laws of Migration

• Formed in the 1880s by E.G. Ravenstein– Most migrants travel only a short distance.– Migrants traveling long distances usually settle in

urban areas.– Most migration occurs in steps.– Most migration is rural to urban.– Most migrants are adults.– Most international migrants are young males, while

more internal migrants are female.

What is Colonization?• A group of people leave

their native country to form a new settlement connected with the parent nation

– Ex: The original 13 colonies– New Hampshire, Massachusetts,

Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Why make a Colony? (cont.)

• Colonies produced raw materials (like tobacco, furs, cotton)– These were sold to the

mother country– The mother country

produced finished goods

– The mother country sells finished back to the colonies

Imperialism:

• Empire building, or, one nation using force to gain control over foreign territories

Imperialism (cont.)

• European nations used industrial technology to overpower lesser developed nations for money and power

• Ex: England Ex: England built the world’s built the world’s largest empire largest empire on five on five continentscontinents

Imperialism in Africa• Europeans began

trading in Africa in the 1200s

– Interested in gold, ivory, textiles, and later, slaves

• By the 1800s Europe needed more raw materials for industry

From Colonies to Countries

• Africans benefited from education and city development– Mid-1900s: educated Africans launched

independence movements– By the second half of the century most were

independent

From Colonies to Countries

(cont.)

• Africa has been struggling since independence– Rival ethnic groups fight for power– Europe did not care to help Africa develop its

infrastructure– Many European and American companies are only

interested in finding ways to obtain African resources

From Colonies to Countries

1914 Today