milcom 2010-federation
TRANSCRIPT
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A Dynamic and Policy-Controlled Approach to Federating Information Systems
Massimiliano Marcon, Niranjan Suri, Andrzej Uszock, Maggie Breedy, Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, Marco Carvalho, James Hanna, Asher Sinclair, Vaughn Combs
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Summary
» SCENARIO Information Systems The need for Federation
» OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION
Federation Architecture: Overview Federation Architecture: Key Components Federation in action Adaptation mechanism Policy management
» EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Test case Results
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
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Information Systems SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
» Essential to ensuring the successful execution of any military mission.
» Traditionally information management was supported by heterogeneous systems → Hard to integrate to support information sharing among
coalition forces. » US Air Force Research Lab tried to address this problem
→ Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) and Phoenix specifications as standard for information management architectures.
→ Publish/Subscribe/Query model.
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The need for Federation SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
» A common information management model still does not address the need for information sharing.
» Federation supports the interconnection of multiple, independently managed information spaces.
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Federation Architecture: Overview
» Support for seamless and secure integration of multiple information spaces. Seamless: transparent to clients Secure: federation workflow regulated via policies
» P2P approach: each federate manages its connection with other federates and has its own set of policies.
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
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Federation Architecture: Key Components
» Federation Service: handles all the information sharing and federation management operations: Handles discovery process
➞ DISCOVERY MANAGER COMPONENT
Manages the connections with remote federates ➞ REMOTE FEDERATION SERVICE PROXY & REMOTE REQUEST HANDLER COMPONENTS
Forwards the information from the local IMS to the remote federates and vice versa.
Handles the adaptation mechanism ➞ ADAPTATION MANAGER COMPONENTS
Entirely governed by policies
» Monitoring Service: provides system-level monitoring and supports federation-level monitoring
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
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Federation in Action
» Federation Establishment 1. Discovery Manager registers with sub-layer with discovery and grouping capabilities. 2. Federation Group is created. Any IMS that joins the group becomes a potential
federate. 3. Federates are notified about the presence of other federates. The notification
triggers the beginning of a handshake phase. 4. Federates negotiate contracts. Upon contract acceptance by the federates the
federation is established.
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
XLayer Substrate
IMSA
Discovery Manager
IMSB
Discovery Manager
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» Federation Establishment 1. Discovery Manager registers with sub-layer with discovery and grouping capabilities. 2. Federation Group is created. Any IMS that joins the group becomes a potential
federate. 3. Federates are notified about the presence of other federates. The notification
triggers the begin of a handshake phase. 4. Federates negotiate contracts. Upon contract acceptance by the federates the
federation is established.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
IMSA
Discovery Manager
IMSB
Discovery Manager
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» Federation Establishment 1. Discovery Manager registers with sub-layer with discovery and grouping capabilities. 2. Federation Group is created. Any IMS that joins the group becomes a potential
federate. 3. Federates are notified about the presence of other federates. The notification
triggers the begin of a handshake phase. 4. Federates negotiate contracts. Upon contract acceptance by the federates the
federation is established.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
IMSA
Discovery Manager
IMSB
Discovery Manager
Handshake
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» Federation Establishment 1. Discovery Manager registers with sub-layer with discovery and grouping capabilities. 2. Federation Group is created. Any IMS that joins the group becomes a potential
federate. 3. Federates are notified about the presence of other federates. The notification
triggers the begin of a handshake phase. 4. Federates negotiate contracts. Upon contract acceptance by the federates the
federation is established.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA
Discovery Manager
FEDB
Discovery Manager
FEDERATION
RFSP
RFSP
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» Subscription Forwarding 1. A Subscriber Client issues a subscription with FEDA. 2. Federation Service in FEDA captures the request, and forwards it to FEDB by selecting
the appropriate Remote Federation Service Proxy (RFSP). 3. FEDB receives the subscription and stores it in a Remote Subscriptions Table, ready to
be matched against its local publications.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA FEDB
Remote Subs Table
FEDERATION
RFSP
Subscriber
RFSP
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» Subscription Forwarding 1. A Subscriber Client issues a subscription with FEDA. 2. Federation Service in FEDA captures the request, and forwards it to FEDB by selecting
the appropriate Remote Federation Service Proxy (RFSP). 3. FEDB receives the subscription and stores it in a Remote Subscriptions Table, ready to
be matched against its local publications.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA FEDB
Remote Subs Table FEDERATION
RFSP
Subscriber
RFSP
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» Subscription Forwarding 1. A Subscriber Client issues a subscription with FEDA. 2. Federation Service in FEDA captures the request, and forwards it to FEDB by selecting
the appropriate Remote Federation Service Proxy (RFSP). 3. FEDB receives the subscription and stores it in a Remote Subscriptions Table, ready to
be matched against its local publications.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA FEDB
Remote Subs Table FEDERATION
RFSP
Subscriber
RFSP
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» Publication Handling 1. A Publisher Client publishes information to FEDB. 2. FEDB attempts to execute the predicate matching locally, using the Remote
Subscriptions Table. 3. Matching publications are sent to FEDA using the appropriate RFSP. 4. FEDA receives the information and forwards it to the IMS for delivery.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA FEDB
Remote Subs Table
FEDERATION
RFSP
Subscriber
RFSP
Publisher
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» Publication Handling 1. A Publisher Client publishes information to FEDB. 2. FEDB attempts to execute the predicate matching locally, using the Remote
Subscriptions Table. 3. Matching publications are sent to FEDA using the appropriate RFSP. 4. FEDA receives the information and forwards it to the IMS for delivery.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA FEDB
Remote Subs Table
FEDERATION
RFSP
Subscriber
RFSP
Publisher
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» Publication Handling 1. A Publisher Client publishes information to FEDB. 2. FEDB attempts to execute the predicate matching locally, using the Remote
Subscriptions Table. 3. Matching publications are sent to FEDA using the appropriate RFSP. 4. FEDA receives the information and forwards it to the IMS for delivery.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA FEDB
Remote Subs Table FEDERATION
RFSP
Subscriber
RFSP
Publisher
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» Publication Handling 1. A Publisher Client publishes information to FEDB. 2. FEDB attempts to execute the predicate matching locally, using the Remote
Subscriptions Table. 3. Matching publications are sent to FEDA using the appropriate RFSP. 4. FEDA receives the information and forwards it to the IMS for delivery.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA FEDB
Remote Subs Table FEDERATION
RFSP
Subscriber
RFSP
Publisher
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» Federation Termination 1. One of the nodes dies or lives the group. 2. The other node is notified about these events and cleans up any
references to the former remote federate.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
FEDA
Discovery Manager
FEDB
Discovery Manager
FEDERATION
RFSP
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» Federation Termination 1. One of the nodes dies or lives the group. 2. The other node is notified about these events and cleans up any
references to the former remote federate.
Federation in Action SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
Federation Group
XLayer Substrate
IMSA
Discovery Manager
IMSB
Discovery Manager
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Policy management
» The operational behavior described is entirely governed by policies.
» Before taking any action, Federation Service verifies with the policy framework whether the operation is allowed and if there is any restriction.
» Policies regulate: Whether to establish a federation with the remote federate Priorities assigned to remote federates Resource allocation per remote federate Type of subscriptions and queries supported per remote federates
» Federation Service uses the KAoS Policy Service for the specification, management, conflict resolution and enforcement of policies.
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
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Adaptation mechanism
» The behavior of federation adapts to the resource availability.
Adaptation to CPU Overload ➞ Triggered when CPU load is above a predefined threshold.
➞ Predicate matching disabled, based on hit-rate
Adaptation to Low Bandwidth ➞ Triggered in situations of network overload
➞ Remote Subscription are disabled, based on priority
» Monitoring Service provides all the metrics that are necessary for the decision making (CPU, bandwidth utilization per federate, predicate hit-rate)
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
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Test case
» Goal: measure the overhead (in terms of throughput) from adding federation capabilities to a base IMS.
» IMS implementations: Apollo and Phoenix. » Setup:
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
IMSA
Subscriber1 Subscriber2 Publisher
BASELINE
IMSB
Subscriber1 Subscriber2 Publisher
WITHFEDERATION
IMSA
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Experimental results
265.29
137.63
45.22
31.19
265.29
137.55
45.31
30.97
322.09
327.80
42.10
29.20
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Phoenix with Federation
Phoenix Baseline
Apollo with Federation
Apollo Baseline
Publisher Throughput
Subscriber 1 Troughput
Subscriber 2 Troughput
SUMMARY – SCENARIO – OUR APPROACH TO FEDERATION – EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
InformaAonObjects/second
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Thank you for your attention.
This research project was sponsored by the US Air Force Research Laboratory