milena gasification - bram van der drift
DESCRIPTION
Presentation given Biomass Gasification Europe 2014 at the Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014.TRANSCRIPT
www.ecn.nl
MILENA GASIFICATION
Bram van der Dri0 2 October 2014 BGE, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
BIOMASS DOES NOT FIT! we need a trick
The world is based on coal, natural gas, oil
• GasificaEon converts solid fuel to gaseous fuel • Opens the door to exisEng energy systems:
– Boilers – Engines – Turbines – Chemistry – Fuels – Refineries – Steel industry
GASIFICATION
3
wood, agricultural residues, waste, coal, …
H2, CO, CH4, …
ECN develop-operate-license
• Develops gasificaEon technology: – MILENA, CFB, OLGA, biomass-‐to-‐SNG, waste-‐to-‐power, bioAromaEcs, … • Operates small (1-‐10 kg/h) and large (50-‐150 kg/h) test faciliEes • Licenses technologies:
– Royal Dahlman, Thermax, HoSt
• Acts as consultant for third parEes • Performs specialized analyses on gases, on-‐site • Performs Due Diligence for e.g. investors
ECN DEVELOPMENTS commercially available innovations
• GasificaEon concept: MILENA – Unique for its solid fuel flexibility in terms of size, shape, sort – Tested with wood, straw, waste, plasEc, grass, coal, lignite, … – Very high efficiency due to complete conversion – High heaEng value gas (N2-‐free), yet operaEng with air – Compact and cheap – Commercially available from Royal Dahlman and Thermax
• Gas cleaning concept: OLGA – Complete tar removal – Complete parEcles removal – No loss of gases – Commercially available from Royal Dahlman
www.m
ilena
techno
logy.com
www.olgatechn
olog
y.com
ECN DEVELOPMENTS new innovations
• Upgrading to natural gas quality (SNG): – Complete system available from biomass to bio-‐NaturalGas
(other words: Green Gas, bioSNG, bioMethane, Renewable Natural Gas)
– Preparing 4 MW demonstraEon plant in Alkmaar, NL
• Co-‐producEon of bio-‐chemicals: – SeparaEon/producEon of bio-‐aromaEcs – SeparaEon/producEon of bio-‐ethylene – ProducEon of bio-‐diesel (Fischer-‐Tropsch) – ProducEon of bio-‐LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)
MILENA gasifier OLGA tar removal HDS reactor Further gas cleaning
Methanation reactors
1 bar 1 bar 6 bar 6 bar 6 bar
www.m
bioSNG.com
BioSNG
SCALE natural gas (equivalent) capacity
1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW 10 GW 100 GW
102 103 104 105 107 108 Nm3/h
DigesEon (biogas)
Small gas field
Shell GtL Pearl Qatar
Thermal gasificaEon
Slochteren field (NL)
SNG plant CHP plant
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 bcm/y
NL EU
WHAT IS bioSNG?
• BioSNG = Green Gas, BioMethane, Renewable Natural Gas • BioSNG is idenEcal to Natural Gas (NG):
– It is totally exchangeable and miscible with NG – It can be transported together with NG – It can be stored together with NG – It is used as NG • It is made from biomass
Other facts: • Can be made with high efficiency • Proven technology for coal
SNG is HOT! proven technology for coal
• China in 2016: 020 bcm/y SNG • China 2020 target: 100 bcm/y SNG • China plans: 200 bcm/y SNG • All coal-‐to-‐SNG • Typical size: 4 bcm/y = 5 GW gas • Other plants in US, Korea
• Commercially available technology (coal) • BioSNG interest, mainly in Europe
SNG Synthetic Natural Gas
• For power producEon • For (high-‐T) heat producEon • For chemistry • For transport
• With exisEng infra • With storage • With quality control • With secure supply
BIOMASS-to-SNG complete operating facility at ECN
MILENA gasifier OLGA tar removal HDS reactor Further gas cleaning
Methanation reactors
1 bar 1 bar 6 bar 6 bar 6 bar
70% energy efficiency from wood to bioSNG
Natural Gas in
10 seconds!
DEMONSTRATION PLANT 4 MW wood-to-SNG plant in Alkmaar (NL)
MILENA gasification
KEY IDEA: char waste becomes fuel
15
+
25%
75%
energy production:
fuel + air (λ > 1) à flue gas + heat
energy consumption:
fuel + heat à gas
gasification:
fuel + air (λ~0.3) à gas + char/coke
+ char/coke
RESULT: SUPERIOR EFFICIENCY and relaxed conversion requirements
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Cold Gas Efficien
cy
Fraction of carbon converted into combustible gas (CO)
2nd generation gasification
1st generation gasification
• Case: pure C as fuel • C is either: -‐ gasified to H2/CO -‐ combusted (air) -‐ lost
• Energy producEon and energy consumpEon is matched
• 1G: half the non-‐gasified C is combusted
• 2G: all the non-‐gasified C is combusted
• Energy deficiency (if any) is covered by combusEon of gas
MILENA: superior efficiency
MILENA TECHNOLOGY
17
BONUS MOLECULES
HYDROCARBONS because the conversion temperature is <<1000°C
molecules more valuable than CH4
also worth m
ore than CH4
?!
“instant” natural gas: +10% energy efficiency!
BENEFIT of separating the valuable molecules
1. Increased income
2. Higher efficiency
3. Simpler process
Methane: 6 €/GJ Ethylene, Benzene: 22 €/GJ
Steam demand reduces 0.05 MW steam/MW biomass
Several catalyEc reactors omiqed
CONCLUSIONS
• Whereas Natural Gas is considered a transiEon energy source itself, bioSNG makes this even beqer. • Biomass is a perfect feedstock for producing bioSNG, since it produces much methane instantly when heated. • MILENA is a technology with superior efficiency, without the need for air separaEon, and without combusEble waste.
• Energy and chemicals make a perfect marriage: synergy in many aspects – AromaEcs co-‐producEon can reduce producEon costs of SNG by 25%
• SNG and P2G make a smart couple: cheap and simple outlet for excess H2 – Power-‐to-‐Gas can increase biomass-‐to-‐SNG yield with 100%
CONCLUSIONS
• A complete wood-‐to-‐BioSNG facility is operated at ECN in Peqen (NL). • An up-‐scaled demonstraEon plant is planned in Alkmaar (NL).
• InVesta is the innova=on center a?ached to the Alkmaar plant, to test inven=ons, train people, house students, show visitors around, …
THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION
publicaEons: www.ecn.nl/publicaEons fuel composiEon database: www.phyllis.nl tar dew point calculator: www.thersites.nl IEA bioenergy/gasificaEon: www.ieatask33.org Milena indirect gasifier: www.milenatechnology.com OLGA: www.olgatechnology.com / www.renewableenergy.nl SNG: www.bioSNG.com /www.bioCNG.com
Bram van der Dri, ECN Westerduinweg 3 P.O. Box 1 1755 LE Peqen 1755 ZG Peqen The Netherlands The Netherlands T +31 224 56 45 15 [email protected] M +31 610 909 927 www.ecn.nl
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