milestone of fetal growth and development

8/4/2019 Milestone of Fetal Growth and Development

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Milestone of Fetal

Growth and DevelopmentGROUP 4


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Conception

sperm cell meets and penetrates an egg,

the genetic make-up is complete, including the sex of the infant.Within about three days after conception, the fertilized egg, which is dividing

rapidly into many cells, passes through the fallopian tube into the uterus where it

attaches to the uterine wall.

The placenta also begins to form.


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Fetal development at 4 weeks

At this point of development the structures that eventually form the face and neck are

becoming evident. The heart and blood vessels continue to develop. And the lungs,

stomach, and liver start to develop. A home pregnancy test is now positive.


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End of the 4th Gestational Week

Length: 0.75 to 1cm

Weight: 400 mg

The spinal cord is formed and fused at the midpoint.

Lateral wings that will form the body are folded forward to

fuse at the midline. Heads folds forward and becomes prominent, representing

about 1/3 of the entire structure.

The back is bent so that the head almost touches the tip of thetail.

The rudimentary heart appears as a prominent bulge on theanterior surface.

Arms and legs are budlike structures.

Rudimentary eyes, ears, and nose are discernible.


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The baby is now about the size of a grapealmost an inch in size. Eyelids and ears

are forming and even the tip of the nose is visible. The arms and legs are well formed.

The fingers and toes grow longer and more distinct.


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Length: 2.5 cm (1 inch)

Weight: 20 g

Organogenesis is complete.

The heart, with a septum and valves, is beating rhythmically.

Facial features are definitely discernible. Arms and legs have developed.

External genitalia are present, but sex is not distinguishable bysimple observation.

The primitive tail is regressing.

Abdomen appears large because the fetal intestine is growingrapidly

Sonogram shows a gestational sac.diagnostic of pregnancy


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The fetus measures about two and a half inches and starts to make its own movements.

You will start to see the top of the uterus above the pelvic bone. Your doctor may hear thebaby's heartbeat with special instruments. The sex organs of the baby should start to

become clear.


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First trimester

Length: 7 to 8 cm

Weight: 45 g

Nail beds are forming on fingers and toes.

Spontaneous movements are possible, although they areusually too faint to be felt by the mother.

Some reflexes, such as the Babinski reflex, are present.

Bone ossification centers are forming.

Tooth buds are present.

Sex is distinguishable by outward appearance.

Kidney secretion has begun, although urine may not yet beevident in amniotic fluid.

Heartbeat is audible through Doppler technology.


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The fetus now measures about 4.3 to 4.6 inches and weighs about 2.8 ounces. The

top of your uterus should be felt about three inches below your belly button. The

baby's eyes can blink and the heart and blood vessels are fully formed. The baby's

fingers and toes should have fingerprints.


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Length: 10 to 17 cm

Weight: 55 to 120 g

Fetal heart sounds are audible with an ordinary

stethoscope. Lanugo is well formed.

Liver and pancreas are functioning.

Fetus actively swallows amniotic fluid, demonstratingan intact but uncoordinated swallowing reflex; urineis present in amniotic fluid.

Sex can be determined by ultrasonography.


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The baby weighs about 9 ounces and is about six inches long. The uterus should be at

the level of the belly button. The baby can suck a thumb, yawn, stretch, and make faces.

Soon -- if you haven't already -- you'll feel your baby move, which is called

"quickening."


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The fetus weighs about 1.4 pounds now. It responds to sounds by moving or

increasing its pulse. You may notice jerking motions if it hiccups. With the inner

ear fully developed, it may be able to sense being upside down in the womb.


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Second trimester

Length: 25 cm

Weight: 223 g

Spontaneous fetal movements can be sensed by the mother.

Antibody production is possible. Hair forms, extending to include eyebrows and hair on the head.

Meconium is present in the upper intestine

Brown fat, a special fat that will aid in temperature regulation atbirth, begins to be formed behind the kidneys, sternum, andposterior neck.

Vermix caseosa, which serves as a protective skin covering duringintrauterine life, begins to form.

Definite sleeping and activity patterns are distinguishable (the fetushas developed biorhythms that will guide sleep/wake patternsthroughout life).


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Length: 28 to 36 cm

Weight: 550 g

Passive antibody transfer from mother to fetus probably begins as early asthe 20th week of gestation, certainly by the 24th week. Infants born beforeantibody transfer has taken place have no natural immunity and need morethan the usual protection against infectious disease in the newborn perioduntil the infants own store of immunoglobulins can build up.

Meconium is present as far as the rectum.

Active production of lung surfactant begins.

Eyebrows and eyelashes are well defined.

Eyelids, previously fused since the 12th week, are now open.

Pupils are capable of reacting to light. When fetus reach 24 weeks, or 601 g, they have achieved a practical low-

end age of viability if they are cared for after birth in a modern intensivecare facility.

Hearing can be demonstrated by response to sudden sound.


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Often on the move, the fetus weighs almost 4 pounds. The baby's skin has lesswrinkles as a layer of fat starts to form under the skin. It will gain up to half its birth

weight between now and delivery. Ask your doctor how to do a fetal movement

chart. Think about breastfeeding. Soon you may start leaking colostrum from your

breasts, a yellowish fluid that precedes milk production.


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End of the 32nd Gestational Week

Length: 38 to 43 cm

Weight: 1,200 g

Subcutaneous fat begins to be deposited.

Fetus responds by movement to sounds outside themothers body.

Active Moro reflex is present.

Birth position (vertex or breech) may be assumed.

Iron stores, which provide iron for the time duringwhich the neonate ingests only milk after birth, arebeginning to be developed.

Fingernails grow to reach the end of fingertips.

7/28/09 NCM1O1: Wk.7, session 16


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Babies differ in size, depending on many factors (such as gender, the number of babiesbeing carried, and size of the parents), so your baby's overall rate of growth is as

important as the actual size. On average, it's about 12.5 inches and weighs 5.5 pounds.

The brain has been developing rapidly. Lungs are nearly fully developed. The head is

usually positioned down into the pelvis by now. A pregnancy is considered 'at term' once

37 weeks has been completed; baby is ready!



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Length: 42 to 48 cm

Weight: 1,800 to 2,700 g (5 to 6 lb)

Body stores of glycogen, iron, carbohydrate, and calcium aredeposited.

Additional amounts of subcutaneous fats are deposited.

Sole of the foot has only one or two crisscross creases,compared with full crisscross pattern that will be evident atterm.

Amount of lanugo begins to diminish. Most babies turn into a vertex or head-down presentation

during this month.



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Third trimester

Length: 48 to 52 cm

Weight: 3,000 g ( 7 to 7.5 lb)

Fetus kicks actively, hard enough to cause the motherconsiderable discomfort.

Fetal hemoglobin begins conversion to adulthemoglobin.

Vermix caseosa is fully formed.

Creases on the soles of the feet cover at least 2/3 ofthe surface.



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In primaparas (women having their 1st baby),

the fetus often sinks into the birth canal during

the last 2 weeks, giving the mother a feeling

that the load she is carrying is less.

This event, termed LIGHTENING, is a fetal

announcement.



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Birth!

A mother's due date marks the end of her 40th week. A pregnancy begins with

implantation and the delivery date can be calculated using the first day of the last

period. Based on this, pregnancy can last between 38 and 42 weeks with a 'full term'

delivery occurring around 40 weeks. Some post-term pregnanciesthose lasting more

than 42 weeksare not truly post-term. A common "cause" is an incorrect due date.

For safety reasons, most babies are delivered by 42 weeks, inducing labor if necessary.


milestone of fetal growth and development

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