military police operations fm 3-19.1

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Headquarters, Department of the Army

FM 3-19.1(FM 19-1)

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.


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*FM 3-19.1(FM 19.1)C1

Change 1 Headquarters Department of the Army

Washington, DC, 31 January 2002

Military Police Operations

1. Change FM 3-19.1, 22 March 2001 as follows:

Remove Old Pages Insert New Pages

1-7 and 1-8 1-7 through 1-19

Glossary-5 through Glossary-16 Glossary-5 through Glossary-16

2. A bar ( l) marks new or changed material.

3. File this transmittal sheet in front of the publication.

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

ERIC K. SHINSEKI

General, United States Army

Chief of Staff

Official:

JOEL B. HUDSON

Administrative Assistant to the

Secretary of the Army

0203505

DISTRIBUTION:

Active Army, Army National Guard, and US Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance with the initial

distribution number 111046, requirements for FM 3-19.1.


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FM 3-19.1 (FM 19-1)22 MARCH 2001

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

ERIC K. SHINSEKIGeneral, United States Army

Chief of StaffOfficial:

JOEL B. HUDSONAdministrative Assistant to the

Secretary of the Army 0103705

DISTRIBUTION:

Active Army, Army National Guard, and US Army Reserve:To be distributed inaccordance with the initial distribution number 111046, requirements forFM 3-19.1


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I

*FM 3-19.1 (FM 19-1)

Field Manual Headquarters

No. 3-19.1 Department of the Army

Washington, DC, 22 March 2001

Military Police Operations

Contents

Page

PREFACE .................................................................................................................. iv

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1-1

Overview ................................................................................................................ 1-1Operational Framework .......................................................................................... 1-3Battlefield Organization ............................................................................................ 1-4Types of Military Police Units .................................................................................. 1-7Joint, Multinational, and Interagency Operations .................................................... 1-7

Chapter 2 BATTLE COMMAND .............................................................................................. 2-1Overview ................................................................................................................. 2-1Battlefield Visualization ............................................................................................ 2-1Commander's Intent ................................................................................................ 2-2Concept of Operations ............................................................................................ 2-2Command and Control Relationships ...................................................................... 2-2Support Relationships ............................................................................................. 2-3

Staff Relationships .................................................................................................. 2-3

Chapter 3 THE THREAT .......................................................................................................... 3-1Overview .................................................................................................................. 3-1Rear-Area and Sustainment Operations ................................................................. 3-1Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration Operations ..................... 3-2Threat Levels ........................................................................................................... 3-3Threat Priorities........................................................................................................ 3-4Threat Location ....................................................................................................... 3-5Countering the Threat ............................................................................................. 3-7

Chapter 4 MILITARY POLICE FUNCTIONS ........................................................................... 4-1Overview ................................................................................................................. 4-1Maneuver and Mobility Support ............................................................................... 4-2Area Security ........................................................................................................... 4-6Internment and Resettlement .................................................................................. 4-9Law and Order ...................................................................................................... 4-10Police Intelligence Operations ............................................................................... 4-13

Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

*This publication supersedes FM 19-1, 23 May 1988.
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ii

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Chapter 5 MILITARY POLICE SUPPORT TO ECHELONS ABOVE CORPS ........................ 5-1Overview ................................................................................................................. 5-1Military Police Support ............................................................................................ 5-2

Chapter 6 MILITARY POLICE SUPPORT TO CORPS ........................................................... 6-1Overview ................................................................................................................. 6-1The Military Police Brigade (Combat Support) ........................................................ 6-1Command and Control ............................................................................................ 6-3Employment ............................................................................................................ 6-3

Chapter 7 MILITARY POLICE SUPPORT TO DIVISION ........................................................ 7-1Overview ................................................................................................................. 7-1Division Military Police Company ............................................................................ 7-2Command and Control ............................................................................................ 7-2Military Police Employment ..................................................................................... 7-3

Chapter 8 SEPARATE BRIGADES AND INITIAL/INTERIM BRIGADE COMBAT TEAMS... 8-1Overview ................................................................................................................. 8-1Support to Separate Brigades ................................................................................. 8-1Support to the Initial/Interim Brigade Combat Team ............................................... 8-2

Chapter 9 THE UNITED STATES ARMY CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION COMMAND ............ 9-1Overview ................................................................................................................. 9-1Command and Control ............................................................................................ 9-2Wartime Support ..................................................................................................... 9-2Organization ............................................................................................................ 9-4Employment ............................................................................................................ 9-8

Chapter 10 OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS ................................................... 10-1

Overview ............................................................................................................... 10-1Support to Offensive Operations ........................................................................... 10-1Support to Defensive Operations .......................................................................... 10-3

Chapter 11 STABILITY AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS ........................................................ 11-1Overview ............................................................................................................... 11-1Force Suitability ..................................................................................................... 11-2Stability and Support .............................................................................................. 11-3Organizations and Capabilities ........................................................................... 11-14

Chapter 12 FORCE PROTECTION ......................................................................................... 12-1Overview ............................................................................................................... 12-1

Support to Force Protection .................................................................................. 12-1

Appendix A METRIC CONVERSION CHART........................................................................... A-1

Appendix B DOCTRINE AND TRAINING LITERATURE ..........................................................B-1Doctrine ...................................................................................................................B-1Tactics .....................................................................................................................B-2Techniques ..............................................................................................................B-2Procedures ..............................................................................................................B-2
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iii

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Appendix C BATTLEFIELD WORKLOAD ANALYSIS ............................................................. C-1

Appendix D AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS

IN SUPPORT OF BATTLE COMMAND ................................................................ D-1Army Information Systems ..................................................................................... D-1Military Police Automated Systems ........................................................................ D-4

Appendix E POLICE INFORMATION ASSESSMENT PROCESS ............................................E-1Implementation ........................................................................................................E-1Sample Scenario .....................................................................................................E-6

Glossary .............................................................................................................................Glossary-1

Bibliography ............................................................................................................... Bibliography-1

Index ...................................................................................................................................... Index-1


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iv Preface

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FM 3-19.1

Preface

Th e M ili t a r y P o lice (M P ) C o r p s su p p or t s t h e com m a n d e r a cr oss t h e f u ll sp e ct r u m o f m il i t a r y

o pe r a t i o n s . Th i s m a n u a l i s t h e f o u n d a t i o n f or a l l M P d oc t r i n e a s i t r e l a t e s t o t h i s s u p p or t . I tcommunicat es to all levels of lead ership and st affs how the MP provide a flexible and letha l force

capable of operating across this full spectrum. As the keystone man ual, it identifies w ha t t he MP

t r a i n o n a n d h o w t h e i r f o r c e s a r e o r g a n i z e d a n d e q u i p p e d i n s u p p o r t o f a l l A r m y e c h e l o n s .

Additionally, this ma nua l provides guida nce tha t can be used by U nited St at es (US ) Army service

schools, students, sister services, and federal agencies.

This ma nual is based on th e purpose, organ izat ion, responsibilit ies, and goals of the US Army a s

set forth in Field Manua ls (FMs) 100-1 and 3-0, as well a s corps, division, a nd briga de ma nua ls.

Ad d it ion a lly , t h is m a n u a l is f u l ly com p a t ib le w it h cu r r en t join t , m u lt in a t ion a l , a n d in t e r a g e n cy

doctrine.

Appendix A contains a metric conversion chart.

Th e p r o po n e n t o f t h is p u b lica t io n is H Q TRA D O C . S e n d com m e n t s a n d r e com m e n d a t io n s o nD e p a r t m e n t o f t h e Ar m y (D A ) F o r m 2028 d ir e ct ly t o C o m m a n d a n t , U S Ar m y M ili t a r y P o lice

S chool (U SAMP S), ATTN: ATS J -MP -TD , 401 En gin eer Loop, S uit e 2060, Fort Leona rd Wood,

Missouri 65473-8926.

Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns or pronouns do not refer exclusively to

men.


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Introduction 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

The M P C or ps has a str ong hi stor y evolvi ng over the past fi ve decades.We, as a cor ps, conti nue to transfor m our or gani zations and doctr i neas wehave i n the past to suppor t the A r my in the active defense of the1970s, the A i r L and battle of the 1980s, and now the for ce-pr ojectiondoctr i ne of the 1990s. Our fi ve MP functi ons clearly arti culate thediverse role the MP play across the full spectrum of militaryoper ati ons. We cannot bask i n our successes, nor r eflect or celebr ate.Our charter i s to continue our legacy of stellar per for manceand str i ve

to per fect i t.

B G D onald J . R yder

W h e n t h e A r m y d e v e l o p e d t h e A c t i v e D e f e n s e s t r a t e g y i n 1 9 7 6 , t h e U S

wa s facing the C old Wa r scena rio of centra l Europe. Mili ta ry st ra tegy a nd

doctrine were related to a single, focused threat that revolved around the

c ou n t r i es i n t h e Wa r s a w P a c t . We w e r e a n o u t n u m b e r ed a n d t e ch n i c a l l y

i n f e r i o r f o r c e f a c i n g a n a r m o r - d o m i n a t e d E u r o p e a n b a t t l e f i e l d . T h e M P

Corps supported the Active Defense strategy by tailoring its forces to meet

t h e t h r e a t . I n 19 82, w h e n t h e Ai r L a n d B a t t l e s t r a t e g y w a s d e v el op ed , U S

forces were still outnumbered, but were no longer technically inferior. Still

t h r e a t -b a s e d a n d f oc us e d o n a c en t r a l E u r op ea n c on f l ict , t h e A i r L a n d

B a t t l e s t r a t e g y u s ed a r e la t i v el y f i xe d f r a m e w or k s u i t e d t o t h e e ch e l on e d

a t t a c k of s o v i et -s t y l e f or c es . I t d e l in e a t e d a n d cl a r i f i e d t h e l ev e ls o f w a r ;

e m p h a s i z ed c lo s ed , c o n ce r t e d o pe r a t i on s o f a i r p o w e r a n d g r o u n d f or c es ;

bala nced th e offense a nd t he defense; and highlighted the synchroniza tion

of close, deep, and rear operations. MP doctrine kept pace with the Army's

AirLand B attle strategy by supporting the battlef ield commander through

four basic missionsbattlefield circulation and control, area security (AS),

enemy prisoner of war (EPW), and law and order (L&O).

OVERVIEW

1- 1. I n O ct o b e r 1983, M P ca p a b il i t ie s in t h e A ir L a n d B a t t le st r a t e g y w e r etested during opera tion Urgent Fury in G renada . The MP performed missions

t h a t r a n g e d f r o m a ssist in g t h e in f a n t r y in b u ild in g - cle a r a n ce o p e r a t io n s t o

a ssist in g C a r ib b e a n p e a ce k e e p in g f o r ce s in r e st o r in g L & O . T h e se a ct io n s

se cu r e d t h e M P s p la ce in t h e com b a t -su p p or t (C S ) r ole , d e m on st r a t in g t h e

p r of e s s io n a l k n o w l e d g e a n d f l ex i b il i t y n e ce s s a r y f or r a p i d t r a n s i t i on f r o m

com b a t t o C S t o p e a ce t im e m issio n s. Th e ch a n g in g b a t t le f ie ld con d it io n s o f

opera tion Urgent F ury set th e stage for the demand of MP unit s today.


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1-2 Introduction

1 -2 . E v o l v i n g s i m u l t a n e ou s l y w i t h t h e c h a n g i n g d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e m o d er n

batt lefield, MP performance in Operations Hawkeye, J ust Cause, and Desert

S h i e l d /S t o r m g a l v a n i z e d t h e i r a b i l i t y t o p e r f or m a t a n y p o in t a l on g t h e

operat ional continuum . With th e publica tion of F M 100-5 in 1993, t he Armyadopted the doctrine of full-dimensional operations, relying on the art of battle

comma nd t o apply t hose principles a nd t o shift the focus from AirLan d B at t le

to force-projection doctrine. This new doctrine was based on recent combat

e x pe r ien ce in a m u lt ip ola r w o r ld w it h n e w t e ch n o log ica l a d va n ces. Alr e a d y

tra ined and expected to perform in th is new stra tegy, MP support w as alread y

i n p l a c e a n d f u l l y o pe r a t i o n a l . Th e M P c on t i n u e d t o p er f or m t h e i r b a s i c

b a t t l e fi el d m i s s i on s a n d t o r e f i n e t h e i r c a p a b i l i t i es w h i l e s u p p or t i n g t h e

batt lefield commander as he deployed to contingency operations throughout

the w orld.

1 -3 . I n 1 9 96 , t h e M P C o r p s w e n t t h r o u g h a d o c t r i n a l r e v i ew p r oc es s t o

determine if it w as properly a rt iculating it s mult iple performa nce capa bilit ies

in s u p p or t o f U S f o r ce s d e p loy e d w o r ld w id e (se e A pp e n d ix B ). Th e r e vie w

p r oc es s i d e n t i f i ed t h e n e e d t o r e s t r u c t u r e a n d e xp a n d t h e E P W m is s i on t o

include handling US military prisoners and all dislocated civilians. This new

emphasis tra nsformed the EP W mission into the internment a nd resett lement

(I /R ) f u n c t i o n . Th e r e v i e w p r o ce s s a l s o i d e n t i f i e d t h e n e e d t o s h i f t f r o m

m issio n s t o f u n ct io n s. I n t h e p a st , t h e f o u r b a t t le f ie ld m issio n s a d e q u a t e ly

described MP capabilit ies in a m at ure theat er aga inst a predictable, echeloned

threat . However, that landscape is no longer valid. Accordingly, the four MP

battlefield missions have become the following five MP functions:

M a n e u ver a n d m ob ili t y su p por t (M M S ).

AS.

L&O.

I /R .

Police intelligence operations (P IO).

1-4. These new MP functions are shaped by the following factors:

Th e a p pl ica t i on of s t a b il it y a n d s up por t oper a t i on s w h er e t h e

in t e g r a t io n o f jo in t , m u lt in a t io n a l , a n d in t e r a g e n cy ca p a b il i t ie s a r e

common occurrence.

Th e l a ck of t r a dit ion a l li nea r ba t t lefield s, r eq uir in g t h ea t er

co m m a n d e r s in ch ie f ( C I N C s) t o r e q u e st f o r ce s t h a t m e e t a sp e cif ic

function to accomplish operational requirements.

Th e i m pa c t of a s y mm et r ic t h r ea t s (s uch a s d r ug t r a ff ick er s a n d

terrorist fa ctions) a nd the effects of ma n-ma de and n at ura l disasters.

Th e im pa ct of a d va n ces in in for ma t ion a n d com mu nica t ion

t e c h n o l o g i e s a n d s p e c i f i ca l l y i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e i n c r e a s e dvulnerabilities presented by these technologies.

1-5. Articulating MP capabilit ies along functional lines benefits the MP and

t h e A r m y e ch e l on c om m a n d e r a s w e l l a s t h e c om b a t a n t c om m a n d e r. S i n c e

t h e r e is a m u lt in a t io n a l , in t e r a g e n cy, a n d sist e r -se r vice ove r la p o f se cu r it y

s e r v i ce s , t h e i m po r t a n c e of i n c lu d i n g M P l e a d e r s a n d s t a f f s ea r l y i n t h e

operational planning process cannot be overemphasized. This means before

u n i t s a r e d e s i gn a t e d , u n it b o u n d a r i es a r e d r a w n , a n d u n i t m i s s i on s a r e

a s s i g n e d . E a r l y i n v o l v e m en t e n s u r e s t h e p r o pe r d e v e l op m e n t o f c om m o n


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Introduction 1-3

security responsibilities, communication and connectivity, liaisons, processes,

and the rules of interaction between all forces. The ultimate goal should be the

o p t i m a l , p h a s e d e m p l o y m e n t o f M P f o r c e s i n s u p p o r t o f a c o m m a n d e r ' s

o pe r a t i o n a l p l a n . M P f u n c t i o n s n o t o n l y r e f l e c t a n d c a p t u r e c u r r e n tcapabilit ies, th ey define the MP Corps in t he tw enty-first century.

1-6. As th e Army r esha pes and focuses its resources on tra nsforma tion, Force

X X I , a n d o t h e r r e d e s i g n e f f o r t s , t h e M P C o r p s s t a n d s p r o u d a n d r e a d y t o

s u p po r t t h i s p r o g r es s a n d r e i t e r a t e i t s c om m i t m e n t t o a s s i s t , p r ot e ct , a n d

defend.

OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK

1-7. The operat iona l fra mework consist s of th e arr a ngement of friendly forces

a n d r e s o u r c es i n t i m e , s p a c e , a n d p u r p os e w i t h r e s p ec t t o e a c h o t h e r, t h e

enemy, or the situation (see Figure 1-1). The operational framework for Army

f o r c e s ( A R F O R ) r e s t s w i t h i n t h e c o m b a t a n t c o m m a n d e r ' s t h e a t e r

or g a n iz a t io n . Ea ch com b a t a n t com m a n d e r h a s a n a ssig n ed g e og r a p h ica l a r e a

o f r e s p on s i b i l i t y (AO R ) , a l s o c a l l e d a t h e a t e r, w i t h i n w h i c h h e h a s t h e

a u t h o r i t y t o p l a n a n d c o n d u c t o p e r a t i o n s . W i t h i n t h e t h e a t e r , j o i n t - f o r c e

commanders at all levels may establish subordinate operational areas such as

areas of operation (AOs), joint-operations areas (J OAs) and joint rear areas

THEATER OF WAR

OPERATIONS AREA

LANDFORCE

REARBOUNDARY

AREA

COMMZ

THEATER OF OPERATIONS

CONUS

JOA JSOA

AO

Amphibiousobjectivearea

Theater of war

COMMZ

TO

Land

-force

rear

boun

dary

CZ

Figure 1-1. Operational Framework


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1-4 Introduction

( J R A s ) . Th e J R A s f a c i l i t a t e t h e p r o t e c t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n o f b a s e s ,

in st a l la t io n s, a n d f o r ce s t h a t su p p o r t co m b a t o p e r a t io n s. W h e n w a r r a n t e d ,

combatant commanders may designate theaters of war, theaters of operations

(TOs), comba t zones (CZs), a nd comm unica tions zones (COMMZs).1-8. A thea ter of wa r is tha t a rea of air, land, or wa ter tha t is, or ma y become,

directly involved in the conduct of the wa r. A theater of war may conta in more

t h a n on e TO . I t d oe s n o t n o r m a l l y e n com p a s s t h e g e o g r a p h i c co m b a t a n t

c om m a n d e r ' s e n t i r e A O R . A T O i s a s u b a r e a (d e f i n e d b y a g e o g r a p h i c

c om b a t a n t c om m a n d e r ) w i t h i n a t h e a t e r o f w a r i n w h i ch s p e ci f ic c om b a t

operations are conducted or supported.

1-9. A CZ is the a rea required by combat forces for conducting operat ions. I t

normally extends forward from the land forces rear boundary. The COMMZ is

t h e r e a r p a r t o f t h e TO (b e h in d b u t con t ig u o u s t o t h e C Z ) t h a t con t a in s t h e

lin e s o f com m u n ica t ion (L O C ) a n d p r ovid e s su p p ly a n d e va cu a t io n su p po r t .

Other agencies required for the immediate support and maintenance of f ield

f or c es m a y a l s o b e l oc a t e d i n t h e C O M M Z. Th e C O M M Z s p a n s b a c k t o t h econtinenta l US (CONU S) base, to a supporting comba ta nt commander's AOR,

or both.

1-10. An AO is a n operat iona l a rea defined by th e joint-force comma nder for

l a n d a n d n a v a l f o r c e s . A n A O d o e s n o t t y p i c a l l y e n c o m p a s s t h e e n t i r e

o pe r a t i on a l a r e a o f t h e j oi n t -f o r ce c om m a n d (J F C ), b u t i t s h o u l d b e l a r g e

enough for component commanders to accomplish their mission and protect

their forces. Army commanders use control measures to describe AOs and to

d e s ig n t h e m t o f i t t h e s i t u a t i o n a n d t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f t h e j oi n t f or c e s

ca p a b il i t ies. C o m m a n d e r s t y p ica l ly su b d ivid e t h e a ssig n e d AO b y a ssig n in g

su b or d in a t e -u n it a r e a s. Th e se su b or d in a t e -u n it a r e a s m a y b e con t ig u o u s o r

n o n c o n t i g u o u s (s e e F i g u r e 1 -2 ). W h e n f r i e n d l y f o r c e s a r e c o n t i g u o u s , a

b ou n d a r y s e p a r a t e s t h e m . W h en f r i e n d l y f o r c es a r e n o n c on t i g u o u s , t h econcept of operations links the forces elements, but the AOs do not share a

b ou n d a r y. Th e i n t e r v e n i n g a r e a b e t w e e n n o n c on t i g u o u s A Os r e m a i n s t h e

responsibility of the higher headq uar ters.

BATTL EFI EL D ORGANIZATION

1 -1 1. B a t t l e f i el d o r g a n i z a t i o n i s t h e a r r a n g e m e n t of f o r ce s a c co r d i n g t o

purpose, t ime, and space to accomplish a mission. B at t lefield organiza tion ha s

both a purpose- a nd spat ial-based fram ework. The purpose-based fram ework

centers on decisive, sha ping, and susta ining (DSS) operat ions. P urpose unifies

all elements of the ba tt lefield organ izat ion by providing the common focus for

a ll act ions. However, forces act in t ime a nd spa ce to accomplish a purpose. The

s p a t i a l -b a s e d f r a m e w o r k i n cl u d e s cl os e , d e ep , a n d r e a r a r e a s . D e s p i t e t h ei n c r e a s i n g n o n l i n e a r n a t u r e o f o p e r a t i o n s , t h e r e m a y b e s i t u a t i o n s w h e r e

c om m a n d e r s d e s c r i b e D S S op er a t i o n s i n s p a t i a l t e r m s . Ty p i ca l l y, l i n e a r

o pe r a t ion s in vo lve con ve n t io n a l com b a t a n d co n ce n t r a t e d m a n e u ve r f o r ce s.

G r ou n d f o r ce s s h a r e b ou n d a r i e s a n d o r i en t a g a i n s t a s i m i la r l y or g a n i z e d

e n em y f or ce. I n su ch si t u a t io n s, com m a n d e r s d ir e ct a n d f ocu s sim u lt a n e ou s

DS S operat ions in deep, close, a nd r ear ar eas, r espectively (see FM 3-0).

1-12. The MP battlefield organization supports every Army echelon, from the

Army service component command (ASCC) and the theater-support command


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FM 3-19.1

Introduction 1-5

(TS C ) t o t h e m a n e u v er b r i g a d e . R e g a r d l e s s o f t h e b a t t l e f i el d o r g a n i z a t i o n

(p u r p ose o r sp a t ia l b a se d ), M P su p po r t t o t h e A r m y co m m a n d e r is b a se d o n

a va ila b le r e sou r ces a n d m ission , e n e m y, t e r r a in , t r o o ps, t im e a va ila b le, a n dcivilia n cons idera tions (METT-TC).

1-13. MP support t hroughout th e theat er of wa r ma y include MP unit s in the

J OA and in the TO. If the comba ta nt commander designat es a C OMMZ and a

C Z w it h in h is T O, M P su p p or t w il l com e f r o m t h e e st a b lish e d M P m o d if ie d

t a b le o f o r g a n iz a t io n a n d e q u ip m e n t ( M T O E) a t t h e su b o r d in a t e - co m m a n d

e ch e lo n . M P su p p o r t t o t h e J O A is a lso p r o vid e d b a se d o n M E TT-TC a n d

ava ilable MP a ssets. Typical MP support m ay include a n I/R briga de liaison

d e t a c h m e n t (B L D ) , M P b r i g a d e s a n d b a t t a l i on s , a d i v i s ion M P c om p a n y , a

m i l i t a r y -w o r k i n g -d o g (M WD ) t e a m , a n L &O t e a m , a n d a c u s t o m s t e a m .

Figure 1-3, page 1-6, depicts a typical MP organization throughout the TO. In

t h e C O M M Z, F i g u r e 1 -3 d e pi ct s t h e d i f f er e n t t y p e s of M P u n i t s t h a t a r e

a s sig n e d t o e ch e lon s a b ove cor p s ( EA C ) (t h e A S C C o r t h e TS C ). I n t h e C Z ,

Figure 1-3 depicts the different types of MP units that are assigned to corps,

division, an d the separa te brigades.

SUPPORT IN THE COMMZ

1-14. M P su p p or t in t h e C O M M Z is p r o vid e d b y a n a r r a y of m u lt i f u n ct ion a l

MP units. The following MP units provide MP support to EAC:

The MP briga de (I/R). The MP briga de (I/R) may a ugment the ASC C

o r t h e TS C d u r in g w a r t im e . I t s m ission is t o pr o vid e com m a n d , st a f f

Figure 1-2. Contiguous and Noncontiguous AOs

Contiguous AOs

Adjacent subordinate-unit AOs share

boundaries. In this case, the higher head-quarters allocates all of the assigned AOto subordinate units.

Noncontiguous AOs

Subordinate units receive distinct AOs. The

higher headquarters retains responsibility forthe unassigned portion of the AO.

MP

MP

MP

x

l l

l l

l ll l

l l

l l

l l

l l

l l

MPl l

MPl l

MPl l

l l

l ll l

xx

x


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FM 3-19.1

1-6 Introduction

p l a n n i n g , a n d s u p e r v i s i o n o f I /R o p e r a t i o n s . Th i s i n c l u d e s

coordinat ion wit h joint an d h ost-na tion (HN) agencies, civilian police

a u t h o r i t y, n o n g ov e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s (N G O s ), a n d U S f e d er a l

agencies.

The MP brigade (CS ). The MP briga de (CS ) is assigned to the ASC C or

the TSC during wa rt ime (based on ME TT-TC). The MP briga de (CS) is

capable of performing all five MP functions.

Th e C r im in a l I n ve st ig a t ion D ivision (C I D ) g r ou p. Th e C I D g r o u p is ast o ve p ip e o r g a n iz a t io n t h a t r e p o r t s d ir e ct ly t o t h e C o m m a n d e r , U S

Ar m y C r im in a l I n ve st ig a t io n C o m m a n d (U S AC I D C ) . Th e C I D g r ou p

provides support to the ASCC and subordinate commands (TSC, corps,

or division). See Chapter 9 for further discussion of CID support.

1-15. M P su p po r t t o o t h e r E AC su b or d in a t e com m a n d s is p er f or m e d o n ly i f

M P r e s ou r c es a r e a v a i l a b l e . S e e C h a p t e r 5 f or f u r t h e r d i s c u s s i on o f M P

support to EAC.

CID

I/RMP

X X

XXX

X

XX

XX

I I I I I II..... ..

.

I I I II

I I

II I

X

...

......

..

.

MP

CUST

I/R

CONF

I/R

BLD

I/R

BLD

I/R

IC

MP

ES GD

MP

MPGD

I/REPW/CI

I/REPW/CI

MPGD

MPGD

MWD CID L&O

MPMP

MP

MP MP

MP(Corps PM)

DIVPM

BDEPM

SEPDIVCIDCORPS

COMMZ CZ

EAC

(ASCC/TSC)

Based on METT-TC

Figure 1-3. MP Structure in the TO

XI I


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FM 3-19.1

1-7

SUPPORT INTHECZ

1-16. M P su p p or t is p r o vid e d in t h e C Z t o e a ch cor p s, d ivision , a n d b r ig a d e

(se p a r a t e t e a m s o r in i t ia l/in t e r im b r ig a d e com b a t t e a m s [ I B C Ts]). A n M P

brigade (CS ) is a ssigned to ea ch corps, an d th e MP brigade comma nder is theco r p ss p r o vo st m a r sh a l ( PM ) . A PM a n d h is se ct io n , a lo n g w it h a n o r g a n ic

d i v i s ion M P c om p a n y , a r e a s s i g n e d t o e a c h d i v i s i on . A P M c el l a n d a n M P

platoon are organic to a separate brigade. A two-person PM cell is organic to

t h e I B C T. Th e M P u n it s a ssig n e d t o co r ps, d ivision s, a n d se p a r a t e b r ig a d e s

are capable of performing all five MP functions. They provide combat, CS, and

comba t-service-support (CS S) opera tions w ithin th eir comma nd's AO.

TYPES OFMILITARY POLICE UNITS

1-17. Most MP unit s supporting a TO an d a J OA a re capa ble of performin g all

f i v e M P f u n c t i on s . H o w e v er , t h e f u n c t i on s m u s t b e p r i or i t i z e d b a s e d o n

M E TT-TC a n d t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f M P a s s e t s . C u r r e n t M P s t r u c t u r e s a r e

d e sig n ed a n d t a i lo r e d t o b e t t e r su p p or t t h e le ve l o f com m a n d d e p lo y ed . F o r

example, at the division level, division MP companies are organized as light ,

h e a vy , a ir b or n e , o r a ir a ssa u lt a n d a r e o r ga n ic t o t h e ir r e sp ect ive d ivision s.

Th e E A C a n d c or p s M P b r i g a d e s a n d b a t t a l i o n s a r e e q u a l l y d e s i g n e d t o

comma nd and control a force mix of up t o six bat ta lions or companies. An MP

e s co r t -g u a r d a n d g u a r d c om p a n y a r e d e s i g n ed t o t r a n s p or t , g u a r d , a n d

provide security to EPWs, civilian internees (CIs), or dislocated civilians. The

M P e sco r t -g u a r d co m p a n y is a ssig n e d t o t h e M P b r ig a d e (I /R) , a n d t h e M P

gua rd compa ny is a ssigned t o th e MP ba tt alion (I/R).

1-18. M P u n it s ca n a lso b e t a i lo r e d a n d a u g m e n t e d t o a ccom p lish m u lt ip le ,

diverse, or specific missions. Customs, L&O, and MWD teams are examples of

M P c a p a b i l i t i e s a n d f l e x i b l e r e s p o n s e s t o a c o m b a t a n t c o m m a n d e r ' s

operational requirements. (See Table 1-1, pages 1-9 through 1-19, for a morecomplete description of MP units. See FM 19-10 and Army Regulation (AR)

190-12 for further information.) The battlefield workload analysis (BWA) is a

t o ol u se d t o d e t e r m in e t h e n u m b e r o f M P u n it s r e q u ir e d t o p er f o r m so m e of

these mult iple missions (see Appendix C ).

JOINT, MULTINATIONAL, AND INTERAGENCY OPERATIONS

1-19. In t oday's environment, th e Army w ill rar ely operat e or fight a lone. The

high proba bility t ha t t he Army w ill operate in concert w ith its sister services,

i n a n a l l ia n c e w i t h t h e f or c es o f f or e i g n n a t i on s , o r i n s u p p or t of U n i t e d

N a t i on s (U N ) op e r a t i o n s ( w h e n i t i s c om m i t t e d ) i s f u l l y r e f l e ct e d i n j oi n t

doctrine. In such opera tions, protecting LOC, key fa cilit ies, and comma nd a nd

cont rol (C 2) centers w ill be a sha red responsibility . U nder this fram ework, MP

u n i t s c a n e x p e c t t o s h a r e t h e A O w i t h j o i n t , c o m b i n e d , m u l t i n a t i o n a l , o r

in t e r a g e n cy r e so u r ces. M P f or ce s m u st b e p r e pa r e d t o con d u ct a n u m b e r o f

full-spectrum operations with a variety of government and nongovernmental

agencies, other services, allied nat ions, a nd int ernat iona l a gencies.

1-20. C o r p s a n d d ivision com m a n d e r s a n d st a f f s m u st p la n (in a d va n ce ) t h e

t r a n sit io n f r om a sin g le-se r vice h e a d q u a r t e r s w it h join t r e p r e se n t a t ion t o a

j oi n t h e a d q u a r t e r s c a p a b l e o f f u n c t i o n i n g a s a j oi n t t a s k f o r c e ( J TF )


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1-8

headqua rters. When ta sked to form a J TF headq uart ers, the corps or division

must ensure that all of the staff sections and agencies have joint representation

(see FMs 100-15 and 71-100). To this end, MP planners must ensure that the

J TF is a u g m e n t e d w it h t h e a p p r op r ia t e M P f or ces a n d w it h t h e a p p r op r ia t eecheloned C 2.

1-21. Regardless of the force mix, the MP provide the force with unparalleled,

m u lt i f u n ct ion a l ca p a b il i t ie s. Am o n g t h e se ca p a b il i t ies is t h e M P s a b il it y t o

g e n e r a t e f ir e po w e r o r t o h a n d le p o pu la t io n s su ch a s E P Ws/C I s, d islo ca t e d

civilians, and refugees. Additionally, MP expertise in investigations and law

e n f or c em e n t e n h a n c e s t h e c a p a b i l it i e s o f o t h e r j oi n t , m u l t i n a t i on a l , a n d

interagency police and security forces.

1-22. MP security plan s must r eflect the joint syn ergy derived from combining

t h e m u lt ip le a n d d ive r se ca p a b il i t ie s o f a l l p a r t icipa n t s. To ca p it a l iz e u p on

t h a t s y n e r g y , M P l e a d e r s m u s t k e ep a n o pe n l i n e of c om m u n i c a t i o n a n d

coo r d in a t io n t o o ff se t t h e ch a llen g e s p r e se n t e d b y in t e r o pe r a b il i t y . S o m e of

these interoperability challenges include Differing polit ical objectives.

D i ff er i ng ca p a b i li t ie s.

C u lt u r a l/la n g u a g e d if fe r en ce s.

L eg a l a n d p ol ic y con s t r a i n t s.

M ed ia i mpa c ts .

Compromise of sensit ive processes, procedures, a nd equipment.

C 2.

Communications (digital- a nd an alog-equipment differences).

1-23. MP plans must also accommodate differences in planning capabilit ies,

a s w e ll a s d i f f er e n ces in d o ct r in e , t r a in in g , a n d e q u ip m en t . Th e in t e n t is t o

match security missions with force capabilit ies. MP leaders must understandt h a t op er a t i o n s w i l l o f t e n i n v ol v e m u l t i n a t i on a l t e a m s . Wh i l e U S f or c es

r o u t in ely t a sk -or g a n iz e , t h is m a y b e m o r e d if f icu lt t o a cco m plish w it h som e

multinational security forces. This kind of orchestration requires employing

standardized procedures, communications, equipment, and liaison within the

constra ints of opera tions security (OPS EC ).

1-24. Coordination is the key to mission accomplishment in multinational and

i n t e r a g e n c y op e r a t i o n s . A m i l i t a r y c o or d i n a t i o n c en t e r o r a c i v il -m i l i t a r y

operat ions center (CMOC) ma y m eet this coordination requirement. The C MOC

provides a ccess for nonmilita ry a gencies desiring milita ry (to include MP/CI D)

ass ista nce and coordina tion. These nonmilita ry a gencies may include

G o ver n m e n t or g a n iz a t io n s (G O s).

NG Os. I n t e r n a t ion a l or g a n iz a t io n s (I O s).

I n t e r n a t ion a l h u m a n it a r ia n or g a n iz a t io n s (I HO s).

H N a u t h or i t ie s a n d a g e nci es .

1-25. The intr oduction of US Army MP forces in an y joint , m ultina tional, or

interagency operation is based on METT-TC and the capabilities they bring to

t h e o p e r a t io n . E f f e ct ive in t e g r a t ion o f M P f or ce s w it h o t h e r se cu r it y f o r ces

reduces redundant functions, clarifies responsibilities, and conserves resources.


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1-11

MP Unit Mission Action Elements Support Role Capabilities (Include But Are Not Limited to

[See TOEs for Details])

MP

Detachment(Old Guard)

Perform the 5

MP functions.

4 squads. Each squad has 3

three-man teams.Total: 12 teams

Support the HHC

old guard battalion.

Provide support as directed by the commander.

MP LAW AND ORDER (L&O) UNITS

MP HQ Team Provide C2,personneladministration,and logisticalsupport toattached L&Oaugmentationteams.

Commander and support person-nel

Provide L&O. Provide C2, personnel administration, and logisticasupport to attached L&O augmentation teams.

MPOperationsTeam

Providemissionsupervision,staff planning,and technicalsupervision

required tosupport theL&O mission.

L&O operations officer and oper-ations staff

Provide L&O. Provide overall mission supervision, planning,employment, and coordination of support. Providetechnical supervision and administrative support oMPI, TAI, and force protection MP. Provide anevidence custodian/police intelligence NCO to beresponsible for confiscated property used in crimin

offenses and to receive and collect the initial analysof criminal/operational information/intelligence.

MP Desk orDesk andRecord Team

Serve as theprimary controlpoint for L&O-relatedincidents andoperationsinitiated by MPpatrols.

2 three-man teams Provide L&O. Receive/record complaints, dispatch investigativepersons, maintain control of offenders/detainedpersons, maintain the status of investigations,prepare reports, and provide criminal data to thepolice intelligence NCO for analysis.

MP TrafficAccidentInvestigationsTeam

Provide thetechnicalcapability toinvestigatetrafficaccidents.

1 two- or three-man team:19517AD00 has 1 two-man team.19523LE00 has 1 three-manteam.

Provide L&O. Augment MP capabilities to enforce MSRregulations; man checkpoints, roadblocks, anddismount points; patrol traffic areas; and performtraffic escort duties.

MPInvestigationTeam

Provide thetechnicalcapability toinvestigatecriminalincidents andconductsurveillanceoperations.

One, two, or three-man teams:19517AE has 1 two-man team.19533LA has 1 one-man team.19533LB has 1 one-man team.19533LC has 1 three-man team.

Provide L&O. Investigate criminal incidents, conduct surveillancework with HN military and civilian police, and colleccriminal and operational intelligence.19533LA00 provides supervision for the teams.19533LB00 provides investigative support for populations of not less than 700 troops.19533LC00 provides investigative support forpopulations of not less than 2,100 troops.

Table 1-1. Unit Descriptions (continued)


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1-12



MP ForceProtection andPhysical-

SecurityTeams

Provide theexpertise andtechnical

capability toassist units insafeguardingpersonnel,equipment, andfacilities.

One, two, or three-man teams:19517AF has 1 two-man team.19593LA has 1 three-man team.

19593LB has 1 one-man team.

Provide L&O andarea security.

Conduct vulnerability assessments and identify andprioritize critical facilities and key terrain within theAO. Identify mission-essential activities that are

vulnerable to criminal acts or disruptive activities.Ensure that activities are inspected to determine ifsafeguards are adequate. Assist base/base clustecommanders with the development of internaldefense plans.

MP Detach-ment(PatrolSupervisionTeam)

Providesupervision for3 MP teams.

1 MP NCO Provide L&O. Plan, direct, and supervise the employment ofassigned or attached MP teams.

MP Detach-ment(Motor andDismountedPatrol Team)

Perform L&Ooperations.

1 three-man team Provide L&O. Protect designated personnel or facil it ies. Performroute and area reconnaissance, enforce MSRregulations, provide refugee and straggler control,and disseminate information. Perform peacekeepinoperations to maintain surveillance over an area,observe activities, and report findings. Preserve orestablish L&O. Apprehend absentees or deserters(US military personnel) in conjunction with civil lawenforcement agencies.

MP Detach-ment(RegistrationTeam)

Performvehicleand firearmregistration.

1 three-man team Provide L&O. Service up to 10,000 personnel for registration ofindividuals, vehicles, and firearms on a closed posor area. Issue credentials prescribing limits ofcirculation and privileges. Process up to 50personnel daily for fingerprints and photographyservices.

Senior MilitaryCustomsInspectorSupervisor

Performtechnicalsupervision,staff planning,andcoordinationfor

customsinspectionteams.

1 MP NCO Provide L&O. Supervise two senior military customs teams toensure that personnel, equipment, and materialmeet customs, immigration, Department of Agricul-ture, and other federal agency requirements for unitand personnel redeploying to the US.



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MP Unit Mission Action Elements Support Role Capabilities (Include But Are Not Limited to[See TOEs for Details])

Senior MilitaryCustoms

InspectionTeam

Conductcustoms

inspectionsandtrain andsuperviseredeployingunit personnelto augment UScustomsinspectors.

1 f ive-man team Provide L&O. Conduct inspections and advise redeploying units.Train selected individuals from the redeploying unit

to augment US customs efforts.

NOTE: One team supports one port of embarkatio

MILITARY WORKING DOG (MWD) UNITS

MWD KennelMaster Team

SuperviseMWD teams.

One- or two-man team.19537AA has 1 two-man team.19583LG has 1 one-man team.

Provide L&O, areasecurity, and I/Roperations support.

Supervise, plan, and coordinate MWD operationsand support requirements. Provide MWD handler/canine proficiency certification.

MWDExplosive,Narcotics, andPatrol Team

Detectexplosives andcontrolledsubstances

and search for,detect, andcontrolpersonnel insupport ofcrime scenesearches.Providepersonalprotection,MOUT, healthand welfareinspections,and I/R andcustomsoperations.

One-man/one-dog team.The 19537A000-series TOEshave 3 teams each.The 19583L000-series TOEs

have 1 team each.

Provide L&O, areasecurity, and I/Rsupport.

The 19537A-series dog teams are capable of proving a 24-hour explosive, narcotics, and tracking hadler/dog requirement or three concurrent short-duration missions each requiring 1 handler/dog

team. The duration of the missions will vary basedon the climate, the environment, and the individualdogs ability. The 19583L-series dog teams provideshort- duration missions based on the dogs ability.Explosive and narcotics teams provide MWD patrosupport when not employed with explosive and nacotics detection.

MILITARY POLICE INTERNMENT/RESETTLEMENT (I/R) UNITS

MP Command(I/R)

Providecommand,control, staffplanning, andsupervision ofI/R operationsperformed byall assigned orattachedelements.

Command and staff elements Provide I/Roperations support.

Provide command, control, and staff planning for 2 more MP brigades.



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MP Brigade (I/R) Providecommand,control, andstaff planningfor I/Roperationsperformed byall assigned orattached MPelements.


Provide command, control, and staff planning for 2to 7 MP I/R battalions or up to 21 MP I/R battalionwhen augmented by 7 brigade liaison detachmen(BLDs). Plan and provide staff supervision of I/Rcollection and evacuation operations. Coordinatewith HN military territorial organizations and civiliapolice authorities, nongovernment organizations,private volunteer organizations, and US federalagencies on I/R matters. Provide coordination andsupport for out-of-theater evacuation of EPWs, ifrequired. Support posthostilities operations.

MP Battalion (I/R) Providecommand, staffplanning,administration,and logisticalsupport for theoperation of anI/R facility.


Operate an internment facility for either EPWs/CIsor DCs or a confinement facility for US prisoners.(Never more that one category at the same time.)



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MP Detach-

ment (I/R)(EPW/CI)

Augment the MP

battalion (I/R) toprovidesupervision,administration,combat healthsupport, andlogistical supportfor operating aninternmentfacility interningEPWs/CIs orhousing DCs.

2 compound control sections

(2 three-man teams), a workproject section (1 two-man team),a personnel section, and a supplysection.

Provide I/R

operations support.

Provide command, control, and supervision of up t

1,000 EPWs/CIs or 2,000 DCs. Provide supply andsubsistence support (to include supervision of foodpreparation) for up to 1,000 EPWs/CIs or 2,000 DCDirect the activities related to assigning andsupervising work projects for EPWs/CIs. Augmentthe MP I/R battalion in processing and maintainingrecords for up to 1,000 EPWs/CIs or 2,000 DCs.

MP Company(EscortGuard)

Providesupervisory andsecuritypersonnel for

evacuating and/or movingEPWs/CIs.

4 platoons with 3 squads each.Each squad has a squad leaderand 3 three-man teams.Total: 36 teams

Provide I/Roperations support.

Provide security for the movement of the followingnumbers of POWs or CIs by the methods indicatedMarching - 1,000 to 1,500.Vehicle - 1,500 to 2,000.

Rail - 2,000 to 3,000.Air - 2,125 to 2,406.

MP Company(Guard)

Provide guardsfor EPWs/CIs orUS prisoners,installations, andfacilities.

3 platoons with 3 squads each.Each squad has a squad leaderand 2 five-man teamsTotal: 18 teams.


Provide security for a confinement facility containinup to 500 US military prisoners. Provide guards forsecuring 1 EPW/CI compound containing up to2,000 EPWs/CIs or 4,000 DCs. Provide securityguards for 3 railway terminals, each having up to 8tracks. (Includes EPW/CI rail movement operationand protection of sensitive material within theterminal.) Provide guards for 1 military installation ofacility up to 240,000 square yards in size, containinsensitive material. (This unit can provide guards fomaterial transit.)

MP I/RProcessingSquad

Process EPWs/CIs.

1 squad leader and 1 eight-manprocessing squad

Provide I/Roperations support.Augment the I/Rbattalion processingcapability to meetoperationalrequirements.

Provide processing capabilities of about 8 EPWs/Cper hour.



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I/R BrigadeLiaison

Expand the MPbrigade (I/R) orASCC C2

capabilities.

Liaison officer and support staff Provide I/Roperations support.

When assigned to the MP I/R brigade, provide stafaugmentation that expands the brigades staffplanning, coordination, and C2 capabilities for 3 M

I/R battalions. When assigned to the ASCC, providI/R staff augmentation and a liaison link with allied/HN forces to ensure that the care and handling of Ucaptured EPWs/CIs is in compliance with theGeneva Conventions.

I/R CampLiaison Team

Providecontinuousaccountabilityof EPWs/CIscaptured by USforces andtransferred toan allied/HN forinternment.


Provide advice, as requested, to commanders andstaffs of allied/HN-operated internment facilities.Verify arrival, forward records, and providecontinuous accountability for US captured EPWs/Cinterned in allied/HN facilities. Monitor prisonertreatment to ensure compliance with the GenevaConventions. Receive/certify allied/HN requests foreimbursement of expenses associated withinterning EPWs/CIs captured by US forces.

I/R ProcessingLiaison Team

Process andverify the trans-fer of EPWs/CIs captured

by US forces toa allied/HNfacility.


Provide processing and transfer capability for US-captured prisoners to an allied/HN EPW/CI facility.

MPDetachment(EPWEvacuation)

Provideevacuationsupport ofEPWs.

EPW coordination officer andstaff plus 10 one-man POD/POEteams and 3 two-man POEteams


Coordinate administrative, logistical, andtransportation support for up to 7 PODs and 6 POEused for out-of-theater EPW evacuation and theescort guard personnel that support the movementCoordinate for theater security at PODs/POEs andintermediate refuel points.



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MP

Detachment(InternmentResettlementInformationCener [IRIC])

Provide a US

central agencyin each theaterof war toreceive,process,maintain,disseminate,and transmitthe requiredinformation anddata relating toEPWs,AmericanPOWs, CIs,and DCs withinthe theater.

Command and staff personnel Provide I/R

operations support.Serve as the singlesource for collectionand storage ofEPW/CI informationin theater. Forwardinformation to theNational Prisoner ofWar InformationCenter at DA.

Collect, process, and disseminate (to authorized

agencies) information regarding interned personnedetained in theater and those released to thecustody of allied/HN authorities within theater.Receive, document, and disseminate to the theatecommander information received regardingAmerican POWs, CIs, and foreign nationals who arcaptured, missing, or otherwise detained. Receive,store, and dispose of personal property belonging tinterned personnel who have died, escaped, or beerepatriated and any property belonging to enemysoldiers killed in action that is not disposed ofthrough grave registration channels.

MPDetachment

(I/R)(Confine-ment)

Augment anMP battalion

(I/R) inoperating aconfinementfacility. Providesupervision,administration,combat healthsupport, andlogisticalsupport of USmilitaryprisoners.

Corrections officer and confine-ment facility staff


Provides a control team for the command, control,and supervision of US military prisoners and a disc

plinary guard team to supervise custodial personnefor a maximum custody of 500 prisoners. Provideadministration, health service, supply, and food service personnel to augment the battalion in providinthese services for internees. (The food service personnel supervise and train US military prisonersworking in the internee dining facility.)



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MPConfinementFacility

Detachment

Provide C2,staff planning,administration,

and logisticalsupport for aconfinementfacility for USmilitary prison-ers.

Commander and facility staff Provide I/Roperations support.

Provide command, control, and administrativesupport for a confinement facility.

MPCorrectionalTeamSupervisor

Providecorrectionalsupervision ofprisoner work

guard forceswithin aconfinementfacility.

2 two-man teams Provide I/Roperations support.

Provide correctional supervision to guard forcepersonnel and US military prisoners within amodular-configured confinement facility.

MPCorrectionalTeam WorkSupervisor

Provide directcontrol andsupervision ofmilitaryprisoners withina confinementfacility.

1 two-man team Provide I/Roperation support.

Provide correctional control, supervisory functionsand escort duties for military prisoners within amodular-configured confinement facility.

MILITARY POLICE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION (CID) UNITS

MP Group(CID)

Providecommand,control, staffplanning, andsupervision forall CIDelements withinthe theater.

Command and staff elements Provide L&O. Provide command, control, staff planning, and supvision over all CID elements within the theater.

NOTE: The Criminal Investigation Command isstovepipe organization.



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MP Battalion

(CID)

Provide

command,control, staffplanning, andsupervision forall assigned orattached CIDelements.

Command and staff elements Provide L&O. Provides command, control, staff planning, and

supervision over all assigned and attached CIDelements.

MPDetachment(CID) HQ Cell

Provide C2,evidencecustodycontrol, andinvestigativeadministrationsupport.Coordinate forpersonneladministrationand logisticsupport.

Commander and support staff Provide L&O. Provide C2 of assigned CID SA sections and/orteams performing all CID operations in their area oresponsibility.

MP Detach-ment (CID)

Providecriminalinvestigativesupport toArmycommanders atall echelons.

2-man teams. The number ofteams varies by organization andis as follows:DSE heavy - 4DSE light - 3Section A - 4Section B - 4Supervisory team - 1Senior team - 1SA team - 1

Provide L&O. Supervise and conduct criminal investigations.



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Battle Command 2-1

Chapter 2

Battle Command

C ommand i s the author i ty a commander i n mi li tar y ser vice lawfullyexercises over subordinates by virtueof rank and assignment. Leaders

possessi ng command author i ty str i ve to use i t wi th fi r mness, car e,and ski ll.

FM 101-5-1

B a t t l e c om m a n d i s t h e e x er c is e of c om m a n d i n a n o p er a t i on a g a i n s t a

h o s t i l e, t h i n k i n g o p p on e n t . B a t t l e com m a n d i n c lu d e s v i s u a l i z in g t h e

c u r r en t s t a t e a n d t h e d e s i r e d e n d s t a t e , t h e n f o r m u l a t i n g c on c ep t s o foperat ions t o get from one sta te to the other a t t he lea st cost . In a ddition to

v i s u a l i z i n g a n d f o r m u l a t i n g c on c e p t s , b a t t l e c om m a n d e n c o m p a s s e s

a s s i g n i n g m i s s io n s ; p r i or i t i z i n g a n d a l l oc a t i n g r e s ou r c es ; s e l ec t i n g t h e

c r i t i c a l t i m e a n d p l a c e t o a c t ; a n d k n o w i n g h o w a n d w h e n t o m a k e

a d j u s t m e n t s i n t h e f i gh t . B a t t l e com m a n d e n a b l es M P com m a n d e r s t o

l e a d , p r i o r i t i z e , a n d a l l o ca t e a s s e t s r e q u i r e d i n s u p p o r t o f t h e Ar m y

commander. MP commanders must observe, orient, decide, and act on their

decisions quickly. Information is the key element in the battle- command

p r o c es s ; t h e r e f o r e , t h e c om m a n d e r m u s t h a v e a c cu r a t e a n d t i m e l y

information upon which to base his decisions.

OVERVIEW

2- 1. T h e b a t t le co m m a n d o f M P u n it s is t y p ica l ly d e ce n t r a l iz e d d u e t o t h e

n a t u r e o f t h e i r C S f u n c t i o n s , M E TT-TC , a n d t h e n e e d s o f t h e A r m y

commander. This places the burden of sound, t imely decision making to the

lowest levels. MP leaders must develop a keen sense of situat iona l aw ar eness

a n d v i s u a l i za t i on , a n d t h e y m u s t c on s t a n t l y t r a c k t h e a c t io n s of s u p p or t e d

units.

BATTLEFIELD VISUALIZATION

2 - 2 . T h e a b i l i t y t o v i s u a l i z e t h e b a t t l e f i e l d i s a c r i t i c a l e l e m e n t o f b a t t l e

com m a n d . B a t t le field visu a liza t ion is a n e sse n t ia l le a d e r sh ip a t t r ib u t e a n d isc r it i c a l t o a c co m pl i s h in g t h e m i s s i on . I t i s l e a r n e d a n d a t t a i n e d t h r o u g h

tra ining, practice, experience, technical a nd t actical knowledge, a nd a vaila ble

b a t t l e -c o m m a n d t e c h n o l o g i e s . I t r e s u l t s w h e n t h e M P c o m m a n d e r

understa nds t he higher comma nder's intent , his a ssigned mission, the enemy,

a n d t h e f r i e n d l y f o r c e s c a p a b i l i t i e s a n d l i m i t a t i o n s . S e e A p p e n d i x D f o r

further information on command technologies.


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2-2 Battle Command

2-3. Batt lefield visualization includes the MP commander's view of what his

f or c es w i l l d o a n d t h e r e s ou r c e s n e e d ed t o d o t h e m i s s i on . H e e n v i s i on s a

sequence of a ctions t hat will cause his MP forces to perform a t the desired end

s t a t e . U l t i m a t e l y, t h e M P c om m a n d e r 's b a t t l e fi e l d v i s io n e v ol v e s i n t o h i sintent and helps him develop his concept of operations.

COMMANDER'S INTE NT

2-4. The comma nder's intent is a key part of Army orders. It is a clea r, concise

sta tement of wha t t he force must do to succeed w ith respect t o the enemy, the

t e r r a in , a n d t h e d e sir e d e n d st a t e . I t p r o vid es t h e l in k b e t w e e n t h e m ission

an d th e concept of operations by st at ing key ta sks. These tasks, a long w ith t he

m i s s i o n , a r e t h e b a s i s f o r s u b o r d i n a t e s t o e x e r c i s e i n i t i a t i v e w h e n

unanticipated opportunities arise or when the original concept of operations

n o lo n g e r a p p lie s. M P le a d e r s a t a l l e ch e lo n s m u st e n su r e t h a t t h e m issio n

a n d t h e c om m a n d e r 's i n t e n t a r e u n d e r s t o od t w o e c h el on s d o w n (s e e F M

101-5).

CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

2-5. The comma nder's intent does not include the method by which the MP

u n it s w il l a cco m p lish t h e m issio n . T h is m e t h o d is ca l le d t h e co m m a n d e r 's

concept of operations. It must

Convey the commander's vision of how to accomplish the mission in a

manner that allows his subordinates maximum init iat ive.

B u ild a r o u n d in t e l lig en ce g a t h e r in g a n d t h e p r ecise e m ploy m e n t of

MP resources.

Pr o vid e t h e b a sis f or t a sk o rg a n iz a t io n , sch e m e of m a n e u ver, t e r ra in

organ izat ion, ta sks to subordina tes, and synchronization.

COMMAND AND CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS

2- 6. M P u n it s a r e a ssig n e d t o , a t t a ch e d t o , o r p la ce d u n d e r t h e o p e r a t io n a l

control (OPCON) of MP or other units they support . OPCON is the authority

t o p e r f o r m c om m a n d f u n c t i o n s o v e r s u b o r d i n a t e f o r c e s. Th i s i n c l u d e s

o r g a n iz in g a n d e m p loy in g com m a n d s a n d f o r ces, a ssig n in g t a sk s, d e sig n in g

o bj ec t i v es , a n d g i v i n g a u t h o r i t a t i v e d i r e ct i o n n e c es s a r y t o a c co m pl i s h t h e

mission. MP C 2 relationships may be changed briefly to provide better support

for a specific operation or to meet the needs of the supported commander. MP

units may be placed under the OPCON of another unit commander for short-

term opera tions. The MP unit rema ins in this relat ionship only a s long a s it is

needed for tha t operation.

MP support to the Bosnian municipal elections consisted of one division and twocorps MP companies. These MP assets, attached to Task Force (TF) Eagle, weretask-organized from different sources. The division MP company and the PM cellwere organic to TF Eagle's mechanized infantry division headquarters, but the twocorps MP units were from US Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) MP battalionsin CONUS.


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Battle Command 2-3

SUPPORT REL ATIONSHIPS

2 -7 . M P u n i t s o n t h e b a t t l e f i e ld p r o v i d e t w o t y p e s o f s u p p or t g e n e r a l

support (GS ) a nd direct support (DS). Corps an d E AC MP units provide G S t o

their r espective corps/EAC s ubordinat e comma nds. Ligh t, a irborne, and air-assault MP companies provide GS to their respective divisions. Heavy-division

M P c om p a n i e s p r ov i d e G S t o t h e d i v i s i on r e a r a n d D S t o t h e d i v i s i on 's

subordinat e brigades.

STAFF RELATIONSHIPS

2-8. Th e P M f o r e a ch le ve l o f co m m a n d is t h a t co m m a n d 's a d viso r o n M P

comba t, CS, a nd CS S opera tions. The P M

Advises the comma nder a nd sta ff about MP abilit ies/capabilit ies.

S u p er vises t h e p r ep a r a t ion of pla n s a n d d ict a t e s policies.

C o or d in a t e s M P op er a t i on s .

Assist s a n d su p er vises t h e in t er a ct ion o f su pp or t in g a n d su p por t e dunits.

Re vie w s cur r e n t M P op er a t ion s.

C o or d in a t e s w it h a l l ie d f or ce s a n d HN m ilit a r y a n d civil police .

E n s u r es t h a t M P p l a n s a n d o pe ra t i on s s u pp or t i n g t h e com m a n d er 's

tactical plan are carried out.

R ecom m en d s w h e n a n d w h er e t o c on cen t r a t e t h e c om m a n d 's M P

a sse t s .

Supervises or monitors MP support in the comma nd's AO.

2-9. Th e P M w o r ks d a i ly w it h t h e com m a n d e r a n d st a f f o f f icer s w h o e m ploy

MP resources an d w hose AORs influence MP support . The PM works closely

w it h t h e co o r d in a t in g st a f f a t t h e a p p r o p r ia t e co m m a n d le ve l t o co o r d in a t eMP support . H e ensures tha t MP planning is practical a nd flexible, tha t plans

are coordinated with sta ff sections an d subordina te commands, an d tha t plans

reflect manpower and resources needed by MP. (This includes the need for C 2,

f i r e s u p p o r t , e q u i p m e n t , a n d s u p p l i e s . I t a l s o i n c l u d e s c o n s t r u c t i o n ,

communication, transportation, and aviation support .) As new information is

r e ce ived , t h e P M r e view s, u p d a t e s, a n d m o d if ie s t h e p la n s. H e e n su r es t h a t

the echelon comman der gets t he necessar y MP support .

2-10. In the a bsence of specific directions or orders, the P M pla ns t he use of

M P a s s e t s . H e e v a l u a t e s t h e c u r r e n t o p e r a t i o n s a n d p r o j e c t s t h e f u t u r e

courses of action (COAs). He ba ses his plan s on a ssumptions consistent w ith

t h e c o m m a n d e r ' s i n t e n t a n d a t h o r o u g h k n o w l e d g e o f t h e s i t u a t i o n a n d

mission. The P M considers METT-TC.

C u r r e n t e st im a t e s d evelop ed b y t h e in t el lig en ce p r ep a r a t ion of t h e

b a t t l e f i e l d ( I P B ) a n d t h e p o l i c e i n f o r m a t i o n a s s e s s m e n t p r o c es s

(PIAP).

Th e en v ir on m en t w i t hi n t h e AO. Th is i ncl ud es t h e cl im a t e, t h e

t e r r a in , a n d o b st a cles. I t a lso in clu d es t h e le g a l a u t h o r it y a n d st a t u s

of the force; the w idth, depth, size, an d loca tion of built-up a reas; a nd

the a t t itudes a nd a bilit ies of the local populace.


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FM 3-19.1

2-4 Battle Command

Th e t y p es o f u n it s o pe r a t in g in t h e a r e a (t o in clu d e join t , com b in ed ,

m u l t i n a t i o n a l , a n d i n t e r a g e n c y u n i t s ) a n d t h e m i s s i o n s a n d

c a p a b i l i t i e s o f t h e s e u n i t s . Th i s k n o w l e d g e i s i m p e r a t i v e t o

understand their capability to counter threats in their area. The specific missions of MP units in the area and the impact that rear-

a r e a s e cu r i t y o p er a t i on s w i l l h a v e o n t h e a b i li t y o f t h e s e u n i t s t o

perform other functions.

Pe r son n e l, veh icles, a n d e q u ip m en t in t h e M P u n it s .

2 -1 1 . C o o r d i n a t i o n a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e P M a n d A r m y

comma nders is essential. S uch actions ensure t imely an d efficient MP support

to all levels of command during any operation. The informal, technical chain

o f co or d in a t io n is a n o p en l in e o f co m m u n ica t ion b e t w e e n P M s a t d i f f e r en t

e ch e lo n s. T h e in f o r m a l ch a in o f co o r d in a t io n f o st e r s co o p e r a t io n a n d h e lp

among the MP elements at each echelon. For instance, when the division PM

n e e d s m o r e a sse t s t o a cco m p lish a d d e d m issio n s, h e in i t ia t e s co o r d in a t io n

w i t h t h e c or p s P M . I f t h e c o r ps P M c a n p r ov i d e s u p p or t , t h e d i v i s i on P Mf or m a lize s h is r e q u e st f or a ssist a n ce t h r o u g h t h e d ivision A ssist a n t C h ie f of

St aff , G 3 (Opera tions and P lans) (G3).


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The Threat 3-1

Chapter 3

The Threat

I n the 40-odd years of the C old War, i n many locati ons ar ound thewor ld, the A r my per for med a deter r ent r ole as par t of the containment

str ategy. I n other pl aces, at other ti mes, th e A r my fulfi lled th eN ati on' s expectati on i n oper ations too small to be called " war s,"although no less danger ous. To the soldi er on the gr ound, Oper ationsU r g ent F ur y i n G r enada and J ust C aus e i n P anama wer ei ndi sti ng ui shable fr om combat oper ations of thei r for efather s.Oper ati ons P r ovide Comfor t i n I r aq and R estor e H ope i n S omali a,

although peace oper ations, also proved to be danger ous.

FM 100-1

Th e e n d o f t h e C o ld Wa r h a s r e d u c e d , b u t n o t e l i m i n a t e d , t h e m o s t

i m m ed i a t e t h r e a t t o t h e s e cu r i t y o f t h e U S a n d o t h e r w e s t e r n n a t i on s .

However, the a bsence of a domina nt , ident if ia ble thr eat ha s produced a far

m o r e com p l ex a n d c on f u s in g s t r a t e g ic e n vi r on m e n t t h a n t h e o n e t h a t w a s

p r e s e n t d u r i n g t h e C o l d Wa r. F o r w a r d -d e p l o y e d a n d C O N U S -b a s e d

AR F O R a n d c i v il i a n s a r e a n d w i l l co n t i n u e t o be e n g a g e d i n a r a n g e of

military actions. These actions stem from deterring conflicts to conducting

pea cetime engagement operat ions to providing support to civil a gencies a t

h om e a n d a b r oa d .

OVERVIEW

3 -1 . D u r i n g t h e p a s t d e c a d e , t h e U S h a s d e p l o y e d f o r c e s i n m u l t i p l e

operations that have included crisis response in combat situations as well as

participation in noncombat activit ies. The Armys presence in South Korea,

S a u d i Ar a b ia , a n d K u w a it a n d i t s d e ploy m e n t s t o S om a lia , H a it i , B osn ia , a n d

Kosovo are clear indicat ors tha t t he military must be prepared t o face not only

t h e t r a d i t i o n a l t h r e a t , b u t a l s o a n o n t r a d i t i o n a l , n o n e ch e l on e d e n e m y. To

s u p por t Ar m y c om m a n d e r s s u c ce s s f u ll y, M P l e a d e r s m u s t u n d e r s t a n d t h e

na ture a nd complexity of these threat s a nd how t hey can potentia lly affect t he

desired stra tegic, operational, an d ta ctical end st at es.

REAR-AREA AND SUSTAINMENT OPERATIONS

3-2. The rear a rea for any pa rticular comma nd is the a rea extending forwa rd

from its r ear boundary to the rear of the a rea a ssigned to the next lower level

of command. This area is provided primarily for the performance of support

functions. Opera tions in the rea r a rea a ssure freedom of a ction a nd continuity

of o p er a t i on s , s u s t a i n m e n t , a n d C 2. S u s t a i n m e n t op er a t i on s a r e t h os e t h a t

e n a b l e s h a p i n g a n d d e c i s iv e op er a t i o n s b y a s s u r i n g f r e e d om o f a c t i on a n d


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FM 3-19.1

3-2 The Threat

con t in u it y of o pe r a t ion s, C S S , a n d C 2 (see FM 3-0). S ust a inment operat ions

include the following elements:

C S S .

Re a r -a r e a a n d b a se se cu r it y. M ov em e nt con t r ol .

Ter r a i n m a n a g e m en t .

I n f ra s t r u ct u r e d ev el op m en t .

3-3. During t he Cold War, the da nger to rear a reas included forces tha t w ould

be deployed in support of major soviet-style operations. The adversaries using

t h e so vie t m o d e l co u ld b e e x p e ct e d t o e n g a g e in in t e n se co m b a t a ct ivi t y in

t h e i r e n e m y 's r e a r a r e a . Th e i r f or c e s w e r e p r e pa r e d t o p e n et r a t e i n t o t h e

e n e m y ' s r e a r a n d t o a t t a c k a n d d e s t r o y i t s r e s e r v e f o r c e s a n d r e a r - a r e a

in st a l la t io n s. To p r ot e ct t h e r e a r a r e a s, t h e M P w e r e a m o n g t h e f ir st m o bile

f ig h t in g f o r ce s a va i la b le t o t h e b a t t le f ield com m a n d e r a n d t h u s, a so u r ce of

comba t power. Today, the Army comm a nder us es the MP 's flexibility an d t heir

m o d u l a r -f or c e t r a i n i n g , a d a p t a b i l i t y, a n d m o b i l it y t o s e r v e a s a c om b a tmultiplier t hroughout his entire AO. During su sta inment opera tions, the MP

perform all functions to ensure freedom of maneuver in support of the overall

operational effort.

3- 4. F a i lu r e t o p r o t e ct o u r f o r ce s d u r in g su st a in m e n t o p e r a t io n s n o r m a lly

r e su lt s in f a i lu r e of t h e e n t ir e op e r a t io n . S u st a in m e n t o p er a t ion s d e t e r m in e

h o w f a s t AR F O R r e con s t i t u t e a n d h o w f a r t h e y c a n e xp l oi t s u c c es s . Th e

likelihood of MP units encountering the enemy and engaging in direct combat

(not only in the rear area, but also during sustainment operations) cannot be

underestimated.

3- 5. T h r e a t s t o r e a r - a r e a a n d su st a in m e n t o p e r a t io n s e x ist t h r o u g h o u t t h e

f u l l s p e ct r u m o f m i l i t a r y o p er a t i o n s . Th e s e t h r e a t s m a y b e r e l a t e d o r

independently engaged, but their effects ar e frequently cumulat ive. Threat s t o

rear-area and sustainment operations are usually theater-dependent and are

n o t l i m i t e d t o t h o s e o u t l i n e d i n t h i s m a n u a l . J o in t P u b l i c a t i o n (J P ) 3-1 0

f u r t h e r d iscu sse s t h e t h r e a t in t h e r e a r a r e a . A lt h o u g h J P 3- 10 d e f in e s t h e

th reat in th e context of a J RA, MP lea ders can expect t he sa me level of activit y

an ywhere tha t U S forces are deployed.

RECEPTION, STAGING, ONWARD MOVEMENT, AND INTE GRATIONOPERATIONS

3-6. Reception, sta ging, onwa rd m ovement, a nd int egration (RSOI) opera tions

c on s i s t o f e s s en t i a l a n d i n t e r r e la t e d p r oc es s e s i n t h e AO t h a t t r a n s f or m

a r r ivin g p e r so n n e l a n d m a t e r ie l in t o f o r ce s ca p a b le o f m e e t in g o p e r a t io n a lr e q u ir e m e n t s. D u r in g R S O I o pe r a t io n s, t h e t h r e a t e n co u n t e r ed w il l d e pe n d

mostly on the type of entry, the na ture of the operation, an d t he enemy. During

ma jor contingencies, forces deploy fr om power-projection pla tforms w ithin the

U S or f o r w a r d b a se s. Th e P M m u st p la n M P su p por t d u r in g t h e in i t ia l s t a g es

o f t h e d e p l o y m e n t t o e n s u r e t h e p r o t e c t i on o f f o l l ow -o n f o r c e s a n d t h e

detection of potential threats (see FM 100-17-3).

3-7. MP support to RSOI operations includes, but is not limited to


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FM 3-19.1

The Threat 3-3

Conducting AS opera tions to counter or prevent enemy actions a gainst

m a r sh a llin g a n d st a g in g a r e a s.

Conducting convoy, airport , an d ra il security operations.

Conducting populace- and resource-control operat ions. Conducting other physical-security and force-protection measures.

C o n d u ct in g ot h e r M P f u n ct ion s (a s d e t er m in ed b y t h e PM ).

THREAT LEVELS

3-8. Th e t h r e a t is d ivid e d in t o t h r e e le ve ls. Th e se le ve ls p r o vid e a g e n e r a l

d e s c r i p t i o n a n d c a t e g o r i z a t i o n o f t h r e a t a c t i v i t i e s , i d e n t i f y t h e d e f e n s e

requirements to counter t hem, a nd esta blish a common reference for planning

g u id elin es. M P lea d e r s m u st u n d e r st a n d t h a t t h is d o es n o t im p ly t h a t t h r e a t

a c t i v i t i e s w i l l o c cu r i n a s p e ci f i c s eq u e n c e o r t h a t t h e r e i s a n e c e s s a r y

interrelationship between each level.

LEVEL I

3-9. Level I threats include the following types of individuals or activities:

Enemy-controlled agents. Enemy-controlled agents are a potentialt h r e a t t h r o u g h ou t t h e r e a r a r e a . Th e i r p r i m a r y m i s s i on s i n c l u d e

e s p i o n a g e , s a b o t a g e , s u b v e r s i o n , a n d c r i m i n a l a c t i v i t i e s . Th e i r

a c t i v i t i es s p a n t h e r a n g e of m i l it a r y o pe r a t i on s a n d m a y i n c r ea s e

d u r in g b o t h w a r a n d m ili t a r y o pe r a t io n s o t h e r t h a n w a r (M O O TW).

These activit ies ma y include assa ssinat ing or kidnapping key military

or civilian personnel or guiding special-purpose individua ls or t eam s

t o t a r g e t s in t h e r ea r a r e a .

Enemy sympathizers. C i v il ia n s s y m pa t h e t i c t o t h e e ne my m a y

b e com e sig n if ica n t t h r e a t s t o U S a n d m u lt in a t ion a l o pe r a t io n s. Th e ymay be the most difficult to neutralize because they are normally not

part of an established enemy-agent network, and their actions will be

r a n d o m a n d u n p r e d i c t a b l e . D u r i n g w a r a n d M O O TW, i n d i g e n ou s

g r o u ps sy m p a t h e t ic t o t h e e n e m y or t h o se sim p ly o pp ose d t o t h e U S

c a n b e e x p ec t e d t o p r ov i d e a s s i s t a n c e, i n f o r m a t i on , a n d s h e l t e r t o

g u e r r i l l a a n d e n e m y u n c o n v e n t i o n a l o r s p e c i a l -p u r p o s e f o r c e s

operating in the rear area.

Terrorism. Ter r or is t s a r e a m on g t h e m os t d if fi cu lt t h r ea t s t on e u t r a l i z e a n d d e s t r o y. Th e i r a c t i o n s s p a n t h e f u l l s p e ct r u m o f

military operations.

Civil disturbances. C ivil d ist u r ba n ce s, su ch a s d e m on st r a t ion s a n dr i ot s , m a y p o s e a d i r e c t o r i n d i r e ct t h r e a t t o m i l i t a r y op er a t i o n s.

Al t h o u gh t h i s t h r e a t m a y n ot b e o f g r ea t i m pa c t d u r i n g w a r, i t m a ysignifican tly cha nge a nd a ffect MOOTW.

LEVEL II

3-10. Level II t hrea ts in clude the follow ing ty pes of forces:

Guerilla forces. I r r e gu la r a n d p r ed om in a n t ly in d ige n ou s f or ce sc o n d u c t i n g g u e r r i l l a w a r f a r e c a n p o s e a s e r i o u s t h r e a t t o m i l i t a r y


34/162

FM 3-19.1

3-4 The Threat

f or c e s a n d c i v il i a n s . Th e y c a n c a u s e s i g n i f i ca n t d i s r u p t i o n s t o t h e

orderly conduct of the local government and services.

Unconventional forces. Special-operations forces (SOF) are highly

t r a i n e d i n u n c o n v e n t i o n a l - w a r f a r e t e c h n i q u e s . T h e y a r e n o r m a l l yi n s e r t e d s u r r e p t i t i ou s l y i n t o t h e r e a r a r e a b e f or e t h e o n s e t o f a n

a r m e d c on f l i ct . Th e y e s t a b l i s h a n d a c t i v a t e e s p i on a g e n e t w o r k s ,

c ol l e ct i n t e l l i g e n c e, c a r r y o u t s p e ci f i c s a b o t a g e m i s s i on s , d e v e l op

target lists, and conduct damage assessments of targets struck.

Small tactical units. Specially organized reconnaissance elementsa r e c a p a b l e o f c o n d u c t i n g r a i d s a n d a m b u s h e s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e i r

p r im a r y r e co n n a issa n ce a n d in t e l l ig e n ce - g a t h e r in g m issio n s. S m a ll

( s i z e o r c a p a b i l i t y ) , b y p a s s e d c o n v e n t i o n a l u n i t s , a s w e l l a s o t h e r

p ot e n t i a l t h r e a t f or c e s, a r e a l s o c a p a b l e o f c on d u c t i n g r a i d s a n d

am bushes to disrupt opera tions.

LEVEL III

3-11. L e ve l I I I t h r e a t s a r e m a d e u p of con ve n t io n a l f o r ce s. Po t e n t ia l t h r e a t

forces are capable of projecting combat power rapidly by land, air, or sea deep

i n t o t h e r e a r a r e a . S p e c i f i c e x a m p l e s i n c l u d e a i r b o r n e , h e l i b o r n e , a n d

am phibious operat ions; larg e, combined-ar ms, gr ound-forces operat ions; an d

b y p a s s e d u n i t s a n d i n f i l t r a t i o n o p e r a t i o n s i n v o l v i n g l a r g e n u m b e r s o f

i n d i v i d u a l s o r s m a l l g r o u p s i n f i l t r a t e d i n t o t h e r e a r a r e a , r e g r ou p e d a t

p r e d e t e r m in e d t im e s a n d lo ca t io n s, a n d co m m it t e d a g a in st p r io r i t y t a r g e t s .

Level III forces ma y use a combina tion of th e following t a ctics a s a precursor

to a full-scale offensive opera tion:

Air or missile attack. Threat forces ma y be capa ble of laun ching a na ir o r m issi le a t t a ck t h r o u g h o u t t h e r e a r a r e a . I t is o f t e n d if f icu lt t o

d

military police operations fm 3-19.1

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