mill work design and detailing

8/14/2019 Mill Work Design and Detailing

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S PECIFYING A RCHITECTURAL

M ILLWORK AND C ABINETRY

© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2011

Course Sponsor:Julian & Sons Fine Woodworking

1723 Cross StreetHeber Springs, Arkansas 72543

501.362.7933www.julianandsons.com

Course Number: JAS12AAn AIA Continuing Education ProgramCredit for this course is1 AIA/CES LU/HSW Hour

Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion quiz online at GreenCE.com to receive credit



Approved Promotional Statement:Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. is a registered provider with The American Institute ofArchitects Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon completion of thisprogram will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completionare available for all course participants upon completion of the course conclusion quiz

with +80%.

Please view the following slide for more information on Certificates of Completionthrough RBA

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professionaleducation. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed orconstrued to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or Ron Blank &Associates, Inc. of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

An American Institute of Architects(AIA) Continuing Education Program



• Course Format: This is a structured, web-based, self study course with a finalexam.

• Course Credit: 1 Health Safety & Welfare (HSW) Learning Unit (LU)• Completion Certificate: A confirmation is sent to you by email and you can print

one upon successful completion of a course or from your RonBlank.comtranscript. If you have any difficulties printing or receiving your Certificate pleasesend requests to [email protected]

• Design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate ofcompletion after successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. Email

confirmations will be sent to the email address you have provided in yourRonBlank.com account.

An American Institute of Architects(AIA) Continuing Education Program




Learning Objectives

By completing this course, the design professional will be able to:• Discuss the history and evolution of woodworking techniques• Identify traits of woodworking periods and

styles• List the types of common millwork and

explain the importance of a job well done• Identify the importance of detailed design

drawings• Explain how wood species, color, cut, and

finish affect the built environment• List the attributes of various types of wood

finishes• Discuss basic installation and design

techniques



Woodworking &

Millwork

An Introduction



History of Woodworking

Ancient cultures developed sophisticated

techniques for shaping wood. Many of our modern tools have been used for

thousands of years.

- Handsaws - Planes- Chisels and Gouges - Sandpaper- Finishing Oils



Joinery

Older techniques mostly relied onphysical joinery. Although veneers andglues have a long history, adhesivetechnology did not bloom until the 20 th

Century. Up until then, craftsmen usedanimal glues (hide glues) to fastencertain joints.

Common physical joints:- Mortise and Tenon - Rabbet

- Dovetail - Lap Joint



Modern Techniques

The modern woodworking shop uses acombination of traditional techniquesand new technologies. Yet the foundationsof the craft have changed little.

20 th Century Technologies:- Plywood & Composite Boards- Synthetic Adhesives

- Metal Connectors- CNC Cutting & Shaping- Power Tools



Periods & Styles

Three British furniture designers from the18 th Century hold substantial influence.Each of these men published booksfilled with their designs, which were copied

by other furniture and cabinet makers. Theirstyles are extensions of the Queen Anne andRococo periods:

- Thomas Chippendale- Thomas Sheraton- George Hepplewhite



Periods & Styles

The more common American styles grewout of a backlash against ornate styles ofarchitecture and furniture found in Europe.They are characterized by simple lines andfacades, and high quality materials:

- Shaker- Arts & Craft- Mission

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Oy7bvXz21lk/SkPaHbvC3mI/AAAAAAAAAqI/x965P9mJerI/s1600-h/Shaker%20Blanket%20Box.gif



Periods & Styles

The 21 st Century brought us contemporarystyles that rejected the conventions of thepast. Designers created non-linear formsand geometric shapes; they used newmaterials to break free from the constraintsof historical design:

- Plywood- Metals

- Plastics- Glass



Architectural Input

Here (right) is an example of aCharles and Henry Greene design, apiece that has become an icon of theArts & Crafts period.

Some architects go so far as todesign the furniture that bestcomplements their building style.Here (left) is a table that Frank Lloyd

Wright designed for the FrancisLittle house.



Architectural Input

Window trim details, coffered ceilings, custom

nooks, and built-in furniture are all integral to

the architecturally designed home. Custom

millwork adds value and warmth to almost any

setting, but especially the home.

Modern day architects often helpguide their client’s interior design .Sarah Susanka, well known for her“Not So Big™” concept, advocates

craftsmanship and quality.



Modern InterpretationsToday, architects, interior designers, and woodworking shops work togetherto craft rooms that either hold true to convention, or blend various styles:

Room Elements

• Flat panel doors (slab)• Modern crown molding• Contrasting colors/woods• Contemporary bar stools• Imported / African wood• Minimalist style



Modern InterpretationsToday, architects, interior designers, and woodworking shops work togetherto craft rooms that either hold true to convention, or blend various styles:

Room Elements

• Raised panel cabinetry• Single domestic wood• Traditional moldings• Arched top rails• Fluted columns• High style



Specifying

Architectural

Millwork



Learning the LanguageArchitects sometimes specify the millwork. Sometimes this task is left to the interior designer orconstruction foreman. In any case, knowing the components and the language will facilitate thedesign process, and ensure the building progresses on schedule.

Frame & PanelCeiling

Crown MoldingReturn

Raised PanelDrawer w/Beaded Rail &Stile “Cathedrals”

Technique

Beveled GlassDisplay Cabinet

Fluted Column



Crown Moldings

Crown molding creates the top hat for bothrooms and cabinetry. It can range from a single simpleprofile, to an elaborate “built up”molding. Local millwork firms either stock orcustom cut these profiles on request. Crown is

sometimes used to hide a joint between two dissimilarmaterials (wall and ceiling treatments).Note: For the installer, crown molding represents one ofthe most challenging pieces of architectural millwork.Experts only need apply.



Chair Rail Moldings

Chair rail molding can be installed in a numberof variations. Like crown molding, it too can be

installed as a single piece of trim, or built upwith several individual pieces —a combination of

flat stock, beads, coves, and ogees.Chair rail is frequently used on top of wainscoting tocap the lower trim elements. Designers can also use it

to create a horizontal plane or to add visual interestto the wall.



Base Moldings

Base moldings are usually necessary for even the simplestforms of architecture and interior design. In rooms, basemoldings serve to hide the joint between the flooring andthe wall (typically an open joint, to allow for expansionand contraction of the floor). They also provide a visualfoundation for both rooms and cabinetry.Base moldings should be proportional to the roomheight/size (i.e. the larger the room, the higher the ceiling,the larger the base molding).



Wainscoting

Wainscoting is generally a sign of high craft and quality.And although it can be designed for a rustic setting (i.e.knotty beadboard paneling), it is often associated withricher interior finishes.

Wainscoting provides a substantial visual foundation tothe room. Extending the wainscoting to a higherelevation —or covering the entire wall —creates a more

formal look called “judges paneling.”

http://www.churchillwainscoting.com/Images/Drawings/Wainscot%20Panel%20Details.pdf



Raised Panels

Raised panels were first developed in the 17 th century as away to manage the seasonal movement of wood. Since thistechnique allows the panels to “float” inside the frame, itprevents them from cracking.

Today, the most common method of joining the rail and stiletogether is a cope and stick joint. Cutters used on this jointalso create a recessed area (dado) that secures the panel inplace.

Rail – Horizontal frame memberStile – Vertical frame member



TheImportance

of

Drawings



Conceptual Drawings

Today, architects have access to a wide variety of

CAD programs. Designers can create photorealistic3D renderings, which are then used to createconstruction drawings. From concept throughexecution, detailed drawings ensure that the finalproject meets expectation of both the architect andthe client.



Detailed Drawings = Successful Projects

Example: Construction Drawing



CONCEPTUAL DRAWING

FABRICATION

Custom woodworkingfirms typically use conceptualdrawings to create theirproduction drawings.Details matter!


CONSTRUCTION DRAWING




Wood Species,

Selection &

Finishing



Wood Species & Color

When selecting the wood species for architectural projects, perhaps the mostimportant criteria is color. The natural wood color will determine the overallfeel of the built environment.



Wood Species & Color

Much like Robert Plutchick’s wheel ofemotions, wood species are oftenassociated with certain architectural

styles or moods.

Clean, ModernBlonde

=

Pine= Rustic, Colonial

Red = Warm, Classic

Brown= Formal, Traditional



Wood Grain

Next, wood grain determines thecharacter of the wood. Although thegrain is inherent to the wood, differentsawing techniques reveal uniquepatterns.



Wood Grain

=

=

=

Formal, Restrained

Casual, Classic

Flashy, Bold, Rustic

Quartersawn, Riftsawn

Plainsawn , Uniform Grain

Plainsawn w/ Burl & Knot



Wood Finishing

The last consideration is thewood finish —yet this has asignificant effect on the quality ofevery project.

For custom architecturalmillwork, specifying the type andlevel of finish is a requirement.This includes:

1) Sanding

2) Finish Type & Level

3) Polishing

4) Installation Touch-Ups



Specifying Wood Finishing

Sanding is accomplished with successive stages or grits ofdifferent sandpapers. Specify:

• 220 Grit – Minimum Final Stage• No Cross Grain Scratches

Finishing is completed in layers. Two variables determine thenumber of steps involved:

• Finish Type – Oil, Lacquer, Shellac, Urethane, etc.• Desired Lustre – Low, Medium, or High

Polishing or hand rubbing finalizes the finish, creating a surfacethat is rich and sensual:

• Not Required---Desirable



Wood Finishing

Finishes serve three main functions:• Protection (UV/Water/Chemicals)• Visual Embellishment (Lustre)• Color Enhancement

Creating a custom finish is a blend ofexperience, science, and art.

“Chatoyancy ” is a word used to describethe optical depth of wood grain, or itsthree-dimensional appearance.Penetrating oils, such as linseed and tungoils, are sometimes applied as a base coatto achieve this dazzling effect.



Wood Finishing

Custom woodworking shops have access to a great variety of finishes. Between satinand gloss, there are a thousand different lustres and appearances. The best finishesare often formed from a combination of products —oils, clear coats, and waxes.



Wood Finishing

Although the wood finish is supposed to bring out the beauty of the wood, itcan also work against that objective. Beware: it also exaggerates minute

defects.



Finish Appearance Protection Durability ReversibilityRubbingQualities

Wax Creates shine Very little

Does not last andneeds to bereappliedfrequently

Can easily beremoved withsolvents

Needs to be buffed

ShellacSome yellow or orange tint,depending on grade used

Fair against water,

good on solventsexcept alcohol Durable

Completely

reversible usingalcohol Excellent

Nitro-celluloselacquer

Transparent, good gloss Good protection Hard and durableCompletelyreversible usinglacquer thinner

Excellent hard finish

Conversion lacquer Transparent, good glossExcellentprotection againstmany substances

Hard and durable Difficult to reverse Excellent hard finish

Linseed oilYellow warm glow, popsgrain, darkens with age

Very littleFairly durable,depending onnumber of coats

Needs sanding outas oil is absorbed

None

Tung oilWarm glow, pops grain,lighter than linseed

Very littleFairly durable,depending onnumber of coats


None

Oil-varnish mixesSimilar to oils unless manycoats applied, then takes on

characteristics of varnishes

Low, but morethan pure oil

finishes

Fairly durable,depending on

number of coats


None unless manycoats applied

Source: Wikipedia

Wood Finishes Table



Details, details . . .

Millwork craftsmanship and installationrequire expert skill. The consideration ofseveral factors are essential to achievingproperly installed, beautiful, long-lastingresults:• Infrastructure•

Blocking• Expansion/contraction• Are the corners of the room squared,

rounded…?• Measuring and cutting• Grain pattern orientation•

Joinery• Attention to detail

Experience and expertise are a must forhigh-quality craftsmanship!




Knowledge from the past sometimes getslost. Dentil molding represents astructural element and should always beinstalled in a vertical position. The SupremeCourt building and carved pediment showcorrect form. Modern designers often fail tofollow this rule.




Custom architectural millwork differentiatesitself with proper wood selection on allcabinet and trim parts. Contrast themismatched cherry panel on the left, withthe custom crafted fir panel on the right. Flatsawn stock exhibits grain cathedrals. Thesecathedrals should be centered, and they

should always point up!

Correct

Careless!

Incorrect



Walnut burl panels create a striking appearance for this executive desk. The detailedarchitectural trim helps support the visual weight of this finely crafted office.



Contrast and Detail

This game room is crafted from a variety of textures and colors. The African Padaukcoffered ceiling, doors, and trim contrast well with the blond hardwood flooring.



Kitchen

By specifying custom kitchen cabinetry, designers can create flexible storagesolutions and architectural trim patterns beyond the range of any factory supplier.



Tradition and Timelessness

Simple, yet elegant. The figured Black Walnut millwork and doors creates a room that

exudes tradition and timelessness, yet doesn’t abandon comfort or style.



Modern

The lighter wood and contrasting trim complement the simple geometry of the slabdoor cabinets; together they create a clean and modern style for this office.



A Final Note

The best construction projects are the result of a team effort. Clear specifications,detailed drawings, and open communication are essential for success.

Architect

GeneralContractor

Suppliers

Subcontractors

Client

InteriorDesigner



Course Summary

Now, the design professional will be able to:• Discuss the history and evolution of woodworking techniques• Identify traits of woodworking periods and styles• List the types of common millwork and explain the importance of a

job well done• Identify the importance of detailed design drawings• Explain how wood species, color, cut, and finish affect the built

environment• List the attributes of various types of wood finishes• Discuss basic installation and design techniques



AIA Course Evaluation

In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, please access theevaluation for this course by logging into CES Discovery and clicking on theCourse Evaluation link on the left side of the page.

© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2011



S PECIFYING A RCHITECTURAL

M ILLWORK AND C ABINETRY

Course Sponsor:Julian & Sons Fine Woodworking

1723 Cross StreetHeber Springs, Arkansas 72543

501.362.7933www.julianandsons.com

Course Number: JAS12AAn AIA Continuing Education ProgramCredit for this course is1 AIA/CES LU/HSW Hour




About the Course Sponsor:

Julian & Sons has been designing, fabricating, and installing custom woodworking for

over 25 years. They have installed projects from Puerto Rico to Hawaii, from Texas toAlaska. They cater to discriminating clients, to those seeking quality and craftsmanshipwithout compromise.Using the best quality woods, they blend traditional woodworking techniques withcutting-edge technology to produce artistic environments for both businesses andresidences. Their signature products are hand-sanded and hand-rubbed, to create anheirloom quality finish that is beautiful, durable, and renewable.

They offer a complete line of services:• Site Consultation• Conceptual Design• Lighting Design• Detailed CAD Drawings• Custom Fabrication• Delivery & Installation

Julian & Sons Fine Woodworking, Inc.1723 Cross StreetHeber Springs, AR 72543Phone: (501)362-7933FAX: (501) 362-7728Website: www.julianandsons.comEmail: [email protected]

http://www.julianandsons.com/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.julianandsons.com/



Image Credits:Julian & Sons Fine Woodworking Horizon Custom FurnitureAmerican Institute of Architects Furniturestocks.comWorld & Universal Academy The Metropolitan Museum of ArtThe Wood Whisperer American Decorative Art 1900 FoundationMultiCam, Inc. Rockler Woodworking & HardwareMcFeely’s ™ (GHC Specialty Brands) Chief ArchitectFranklin International (Titebond ™) Wikipedia.comArtisans of the Valley Bell Forest ProductsWashington Post Lumberjocks.comColumbus Wood Products Fine Woodworking (Taunton Press)

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