mindset born smart?. mindset related to belief about ability creates a whole mental world to live in...
TRANSCRIPT
mindset
Born Smart?
Mindset
Related to belief about ability
creates a whole mental world to live in
FIXED mindset - ability cannot change
GROWTH mindset - ability can change (Dweck, 1999)
Measuring mindset(Dweck, Chiu & Hong, 1995)
You have a certain amount of intelligence, and you can’t really do much to change it
You can learn new things, but you can’t really change how intelligent you are
Motivational framework: goals
(e.g. Dweck & Elliot, 1983; Dweck
1986,1990,1991)Learning goals vs
performance
mastery and competence OR demonstrating intellect
grades and marks reflect how people are doing NOW OR grades predict the future
increased performance and enjoyment OR shy away from
challenges
Response to setbacks and failures
(e.g.Diener & Dweck, 1978, 1980)
Resilient vs helpless
Pay attention to learningFocus on what they are learning rather
than feelingAttempt new ways to do things
Use self-motivating statements such as ‘I can’
When faced with impossible to pass tests they will factor in other reasons
for failure
Mindset, brain and feedback (Mangels et al, 2006)
each time participants got a wrong answer they were given the correct
answerThey got an unexpected retest
afterwards
People oriented differently towards negative feedback
fixed mindset showed less attention to the formative information and
more to how they feltThose with a growth mindset did
better on the re test
Effort effect ( e.g. Legget & Dweck, 1986; Mueller & Dweck,
1997)
reflection of low intelligence OR necessary part of success
Hard work means ‘I don’t get it’ OR means I need to try
harder
effort = lack of ability OR effort = success
Growth mindset
more open to learning willing to confront challenges, able to stick at difficult tasks and bounce back from failures
(Dweck, 1999)
Better performance
school transitions (Blackwell, Trzesniewski, & Dweck, 2007)
demanding business tasks (Kray, 2007)
difficulties in relationships (Kammrath & Dweck, 2006)
Can mindset change?
(Bergen, 1992) people who read a growth
mindset article changed their mindset and their persistence
in the face of setbacks
Can mindset be taught?
(Blackwell, Trzesniewski, and Dweck, 2007)
8 session built around study skills
the growth mindset group also learned about the brain and how the brain is like a muscle; the more you use it the more connections it makes
improved in motivation (greater conscientiousness, and more effort into the classroom learning) and grades
Math Achievement
Can mindset be taught? (Aronson, Fried & Good
2002)
watching a video about the brain and its huge potential
writing a letter to struggling younger student
more enjoyment of learning at University and better grades
Other ways to change a mindset
feedback
Tutor, teacher, parent belief about young person ability
Feedback (Mueller & Dweck, 1998)
Praised for Praised for efforteffort Praised for Praised for abilityability
goalsgoals 90% of the 90% of the group created group created learning goalslearning goals
66% of the 66% of the group createdgroup createdperformance performance goalsgoals
enjoymentenjoyment continuedcontinued decreaseddecreased
persistencepersistence continuedcontinued decreaseddecreased
performanceperformance improvedimproved declineddeclined
lied about lied about scoresscores
one individualone individual 40%40%
Number of problems solved before failure
Pygmalion effect (Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968)
Teacher expectancy effect
teachers were told that tests indicated that some children would bloom over the coming school year ( pupils were randomly assigned)
The bloomers group made greater gains in achievement over the year
Similar findings have emerged in other areas; university, business, military, banking (e.g. Eden, 1990)
Managers beliefs(Heslin, Wanderwalle & Latham, 2006)
Managers who adopt a fixed mindset are less good at recognising real changes in staff members
they are less likely to help those they are managing
teaching mindset changed beliefs and behaviour; managers gave more and better suggestions to employees during appraisals and were more likely to notice improvements
Born smart?
mindset has a significant impact on motivation and
performance,
Beliefs can be changed
Thanks!
Link and further reading
http://www.centreforconfidence.co.uk/pp/overview.php?p=c2lkPTEz
Dweck, C.S., (1999) Self theories: Their Role in Motivation and Personality