mine ventilation design & planning
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Stephen HardcastleResearch Scientist Ventilation Specialist
Natural Resources Canada
Mining & Mineral Sciences Laboratory, Sudbury
Mine Ventilation Design & PlanningMine Ventilation Mine Ventilation
Design & PlanningDesign & Planning
Today’s PresentersToday’s PresentersToday’s Presenters
Marco Marco BiffiBiffi -- CSIR MiningtekCSIR MiningtekHeat ConsiderationsHeat Considerations
Bart Gilbert Bart Gilbert -- AlphairAlphair Ventilating SystemsVentilating SystemsFans basics and their selectionFans basics and their selection
Bernt Ivarson Bernt Ivarson -- ROCVENTROCVENTAuxiliary duct designAuxiliary duct design
BrentBrent RubeliRubeli -- CANMET MMSLCANMET MMSLDiesel requirementsDiesel requirements
CharlesCharles KocsisKocsis -- CANMET MMSLCANMET MMSLHelping with modelling componentHelping with modelling component
•• Subsurface Ventilation & Environmental Engineering, Subsurface Ventilation & Environmental Engineering, Malcolm J. McPherson, Chapman & Hall ISBN 0Malcolm J. McPherson, Chapman & Hall ISBN 0--412412--3530035300--88
•• Mine Ventilation & Air Conditioning, HowardMine Ventilation & Air Conditioning, Howard HartmannHartmann,,KreigerKreiger,ISBN 0,ISBN 0--8946489464--471471--88
•• Environmental Engineering in South African Mines,Environmental Engineering in South African Mines,MVSSAMVSSA,Cape &,Cape & TransvalTransval, ISBN 0, ISBN 0--620620--0625806258--44
•• Data Handbook,Data Handbook, MVSSAMVSSA
Recommended Reading & Reference Texts
Recommended Reading & Recommended Reading & Reference TextsReference Texts
ENVIRONENVIRON--MENTMENT
HEALTHHEALTHCOSTCOST
Mine Ventilation PlanningMine Ventilation PlanningMine Ventilation Planning
HEALTHHEALTHCOSTCOST
Air QualityAir QualityAir Quality- Particulates-- ParticulatesParticulates- Gases-- GasesGases
Diesel EmissionsDiesel EmissionsDiesel Emissions- Soot (DPM)-- Soot (Soot (DPMDPM))- Gases (No2)-- Gases (Gases (NoNo22))
Regulations (TLVs)Regulations (Regulations (TLVsTLVs))- MSHA 0.16mg/m3 TC-- MSHAMSHA 0.0.16mg16mg/m/m33 TCTC- Europe 0.2ppm NO`2-- Europe 0.Europe 0.2ppm 2ppm NO`NO`22
Health & SafetyHealth & SafetyHealth & Safety
VENT.C. AIR
OTHER
VENT.C. AIR
OTHER
Cost EffectivenessCost EffectivenessCost Effectiveness
Power DemandPower DemandPower Demand- Cubic Of Quantity-- Cubic Of QuantityCubic Of Quantity- Linear To Resist.-- Linear To Resist.Linear To Resist.
Quantity DemandQuantity DemandQuantity Demand- Leakage / Age-- Leakage / AgeLeakage / Age- New Regulations-- New RegulationsNew Regulations
Power ConsumptionPower ConsumptionPower Consumption- 40% U/g Electricity-- 40% U/g Electricity40% U/g Electricity- Heating & Cooling-- Heating & CoolingHeating & Cooling
Global EnvironmentGlobalGlobal EnvironmentEnvironment
HeatingHeatingHeating- Direct GHGs-- Direct Direct GHGsGHGs- Function Of Quantity-- Function Of QuantityFunction Of Quantity
Fuel ConsumptionFuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption- DIRECT GHGs-- DIRECT DIRECT GHGsGHGs- Dictates Quantity-- Dictates QuantityDictates Quantity
Electricity GenerationElectricity GenerationElectricity Generation- Indirect GHGs-- Indirect Indirect GHGsGHGs- Coal / Oil / Gas-- Coal / Oil / GasCoal / Oil / Gas
Energy Demand / GHG ProductionEnergy Demand / Energy Demand / GHGGHG ProductionProduction199019901990 199519951995 202020202020 AGR%AGRAGR%%
96.696.6PJPJ 133.7133.7PJPJ 198.1198.1PJPJ 2.4%2.4%
4.4.8282MMtt 12.12.7171MMtt 3.3%3.3%3.3.9393MMtt 5.5.2121MMtt 6.6.3535MMtt 1.6%1.6%
Energy DemandEnergy DemandEnergy Demand
GHG Emissions CO2GHGGHG EmissionsEmissions COCO22
Kyoto, 1997Kyoto, 1997Kyoto, 19972010GHG2010GHGs =s = 1990GHG1990GHGs s -- 3%3%2015GHG2015GHGs =s = 1990GHG1990GHGs s -- 8%8%
Polaris MinePolaris Mine
Nanisivik MineNanisivik Mine75th Parallel75th Parallel
Arctic CircleArctic Circle
North PoleNorth Pole
Baffin IslandBaffin Island
Nanisivik Mine -Lateral Zn/Ag DepositOperating 22 Years750km North of Arctic Circle
Design ExampleDesign Design ExampleExample
Conveyorway28 m3/s
01/02/09/SZ Portals38 m3/s
39N Portal14 m3/s
88N Portal
28 m3/s
Shale Hill Dvlpmnt 14 m3/s
Dyke
Lower Ore Zone
West Ramp35 m3/s
33 m3/s
31 m3/s 9 m3/s
17N Portal123 m3/s
94 m3/s 80 m3/s 42 m3/s
32-77 Vent Rse 38 m3/s
Main Ore Zone
27-70 Vent Rse 40 m3/s
24-66 Mnwy Rse 19 m3/s
Generalized Flow SchematicGeneralized Flow SchematicGeneralized Flow Schematic
Ineffective Volume - Split 4 WaysIneffective Volume Ineffective Volume -- Split 4 WaysSplit 4 Ways
123 m3/s123 m123 m33/s/s
10-20 m
3.6 km120 m
Ineffective Volume - Blast Clearance
Ineffective Volume Ineffective Volume -- Blast Blast ClearanceClearance
A 35 tonne haulage truck next to a 20m high pillar
A 35 tonne haulage truck next to a A 35 tonne haulage truck next to a 20m high pillar20m high pillar
Underground Cavern At NanisivikUnderground Cavern At Underground Cavern At NanisivikNanisivik
9 m3/s
32-77 Vent Rse 38 m3/s
Main Ore Zone
Lower Ore Zone
27-70 Vent Rse 40 m3/s
Secondary Fans Stagnant AreasSecondary Fans Secondary Fans Stagnant AreasStagnant Areas
Compressor Room Fire Mine Wide Contamination
Compressor Room Fire Compressor Room Fire Mine Wide ContaminationMine Wide Contamination
Seasonal Variations Strong Natural VentilationSeasonal Variations Seasonal Variations Strong Natural VentilationStrong Natural Ventilation
Lower Ore Zone
Main Ore Zone
-40°C
-12°C
Main Ore Zone
Lower Ore Zone
+15°C
-12°C
Low Pressure/Resistance System Double Handling of Air
Low Pressure/Resistance System Low Pressure/Resistance System Double Handling of AirDouble Handling of Air
Primary Fans
Secondary Fans
And Uncontrolled RecirculationAnd Uncontrolled And Uncontrolled RecirculationRecirculation
On-Site Electricity Generation Fan Limitations
OnOn--Site Electricity Generation Site Electricity Generation Fan LimitationsFan Limitations
? ?
Summer Thaw Roof Falls & Ice Formations
Summer Thaw Summer Thaw Roof Falls & Ice FormationsRoof Falls & Ice Formations
+15°C+15°C
-12°C
-12°C
Primary Fans
Secondary Raise Fans
RR
Survey Findings Shock Losses & 1 Resistance
Survey Findings Survey Findings Shock Losses & 1 ResistanceShock Losses & 1 Resistance
Primary flow through small entry, round bend, 4th fan ineffective.
Secondary flow through raises, fans discharge into large cross section.
Current fan portal had the highest Current fan portal had the highest resistanceresistanceRoute incurred significant shock lossesRoute incurred significant shock lossesImpact of compressor room fireImpact of compressor room fireAny gain divided between 4 splitsAny gain divided between 4 splitsUpgrading these fans would reduce power Upgrading these fans would reduce power available for secondary and auxiliary fansavailable for secondary and auxiliary fans
Redesign Considerations #1 - Same Layout, Larger Fans
Redesign Considerations Redesign Considerations #1 #1 -- Same Layout, Larger FansSame Layout, Larger Fans
Through ventilation reduces split to 2Through ventilation reduces split to 2Regulation required in larger Main Ore zoneRegulation required in larger Main Ore zoneTwo fan systems needed for east endTwo fan systems needed for east endExcessive cabling needed to east endExcessive cabling needed to east endMore portal doors for west end systemMore portal doors for west end systemAvoid thawing at west end if exhaustAvoid thawing at west end if exhaustFinal system adopted west exhaust fansFinal system adopted west exhaust fans
Redesign Considerations #2 - New Layout, Same Fans
Redesign Considerations Redesign Considerations #2 #2 -- New Layout, Same FansNew Layout, Same Fans
Lower Ore Zone
Main Ore Zone
Lower Ore Zone
Main Ore ZoneNN
SS
AfterAfter--blast reblast re--entry times have been entry times have been dramatically reduceddramatically reduced
Results - Better than anticipatedResults Results -- Better than anticipatedBetter than anticipated
No secondary fans reduced total fan No secondary fans reduced total fan motor size requirement by 45% and motor size requirement by 45% and consequently power demand.consequently power demand.
Increased volume & utilization have Increased volume & utilization have improved diesel fume dilutionimproved diesel fume dilution
Through ventilation increased total Through ventilation increased total flowsflows by 20%, and individual flows by by 20%, and individual flows by >100%>100%
Results - Better than anticipatedResults Results -- Better than anticipatedBetter than anticipated“Dead Zones” in the system have “Dead Zones” in the system have been eliminatedbeen eliminated
No secondary fans removes double No secondary fans removes double handling & uncontrolled handling & uncontrolled recirculationrecirculation
A compressor room fire will now A compressor room fire will now have minimal effect have minimal effect
Seasonal & wind effects are no Seasonal & wind effects are no longer a concernlonger a concern