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This documentation is confidential and may not be disclosed to third partieswithout the prior written permission of Datamine Corporate Limited.

Datamine Corporate Limited

Mine2-4D

Mine2-4D Projects

An Introduction to creating projects in Mine2-4D

MUG-M24-0006

Datamine Software Limited2 St Cuthbert Street, WellsSomerset, United Kingdom BA5 2AW

Tel: +44 1749 679299Fax: +44 1749 670290

Grant King

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Contents

1 Introduction to Mine2-4D 1Purpose of this document 1Prerequisites 1

More information 2

2 Background Information 33 The User and Design Manager 4

Introduction and Background to task 4Before you start 4Exercise 1 Create a new User List 5Exercise 2 - User Administration 8Exercise 3 Create a new File Add List 9Exercise 4 Create a new Attribute List 10Add a New Attribute 10Add Values for an Attribute 10Exercise 5 Starting a new project in Design Manager 11Exercise 6 Check in / Check Out 13Exercise 7 Project History 13Show History 13

4 Project Setup 15Introduction and background to task 15Project Setup 15

Sub-Projects 15Project Setup dialogs 16

Project Details 16Design Strings 16Exercise 1 Mine2-4D Startup 17

Exercise 2 Project Setup 17Design Strings 18Options 19Measurement system 19

Exercise 3 Geology Interrogation 20Legend to use in Interrogation 21

Exercise 4 General Options 21Exercise 5 Property Conventions 22

5 Design and Validation 23Introduction and background to task 23Design Tab 24Tools Tab 25Data Validation 25

Attributes 27Invalid Point Strings 27Cross Over Strings 27Duplicate Strings 27Duplicate Checking Precision 28Resolve Points 28Endlink Checking 29Complex Solid Checking 29Data Deletion 29

Exercise 1 Edit Design Directions 31Exercise 2 Data Validation 33

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6 Design Definitions 35Introduction and background to task 35Filters and Attributes Buttons 35

Applying Filters 36Editing Attributes 36Saving Changes to Attributes 37Cross Section Tool 37Segment Length 38Exercise 1 Design Definitions 38

Cross Sectional Shape 39Segment Length 41

7 Preparation 42Introduction and background to task 42Design Menu 42Preparation Menu 43Exercise 1 Define Attributes 43Exercise 2 Apply Design Attributes 44Exercise 3 - Wall & Point Generation 47

8 Solids and Evaluation 49Introduction and background to task 49Preparation 49Solids and Evaluation 49Sequencing and Scheduling 49Reporting 50Exercise 1 Creating Solids 50Exercise 2 Evaluating Solids 51

9 Sequencing 55Introduction and background to task 55Automatic Dependency Creation 55Position 56Search Origin 56Predecessor/Successor 56Position Overrider 56

Position Scenario 57Link (Delay / Type) 57Type Examples 58

Limiting the Search 58Search (Method / Radius / Origin) 58

Exercise 1: Automatic Sequence Generation 60Sequencing Troubleshooting 62Exercise 2 Scheduling 64

10 An Introduction to EPS 66Introduction and background to task 66The EPS Interface 66Resources 67Project Settings 67Exercise 1 Viewing your data 68Exercise 2 Summarising the Project Data 68Exercise 3 - Setting up the Crosstab 69Exercise 4 Creating Filters and Sorting 70Exercise 5 Levelling Resources 71

11 Reporting 73

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Introduction and background to task 73Evaluation 73Properties 73Schedule 73Exercise 1 Set Schedule Colouring Definitions 74Exercise 2 - Create 3D Animations 76

Create from Schedule 77Exercise 3 Check in / Check Out 78

12 Present Plotting Manually 79Introduction and background to task 79What is Earthworks Present? 79

Document Wizard 79Exercise 1 Data Import (Strings) 80Exercise 2 Data Import (Wireframes) 82Exercise 3 Finishing the Import 83Exercise 4 Setting the Paper Size and Grid Settings 84Exercise 5 Setting Scales and Clipping 85Exercise 6 Zooming and Panning 86Exercise 7 Formatting the Wireframes Display 88Exercise 8 Adding a title box 88

13 Present Plotting Automatically 90Introduction and background to task 90Exercise 1 Creating a Present template 90

14 Mine2-4D 660 Level 92Introduction and background to task 92Exercise 1 Starting a new project 92Exercise 2 Project Setup 93Exercise 3 - Interrogation 94Exercise 4 Model Splitting Tool 94Exercise 5 Default Values and External Data 95

External Data 96Exercise 6 Attribute Convention 96Exercise 7 Properties 97Exercise 8 Naming Conventions 99Exercise 9 Scheduler, General Options 100Exercise 10 Design 101Exercise 11 Preparation 103Exercise 12 Solids and Evaluation 104Exercise 13 Automatic Sequencing 105Exercise 14 - Derived Activities 107Exercise 15 - Reporting 133Exercise 16 - Colour According to Legend 133

15 Mine2-4D 680 and 700 Levels 136Introduction and background to task 136Exercise 1 Create a New Project for the 680 Level 136Exercise 2 Using the Project Cascader 136Exercise 3 Complete 680 and 700 Levels 139

Appendix A: Calculation of Base Properties 140Appendix B: Standard Mine2-4D Tables 143Appendix C: Segment Numbering 144

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M24D Manual 2 Mine2-4D Projects 1

1 INTRODUCTION TO MINE2-4D

Purpose of this document

The purpose of this document is to help familiarise new users with the Mine2-4D VerticalMenu for integrated mine design and scheduling. Before beginning, it is also necessary tointroduce the basic principles of the Mine2-4D User Manager and Design Manager.

Prerequisites

To use this tutorial you will need the following components installed on your computer:

Mine24D version 11.0.1409.0 or later

EPS Scheduler version 1.0.1433 or later

To display the installed Mine2-4D version, choose Help | About Mine2-4D. Informationabout the installed product is displayed together with its version number.

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More information

There are many sources of online help - designed to suit the way you work:

Mine2-4D Help Contents

Choose the Contents command from the Help menu to display the contents page forDatamine help.

Context Help

Choose the Help button on any command dialog to display help on use of the displayeddialog.

Tool Tips

Pass the pointer over the toolbar buttons to display tool tips and one line help on the statusbar.

AutoHelp

Check this option on any command dialog to display the AutoHelp window.

Online User Guide

Comprehensive User Guides and Process Descriptions are provided on the Datamine Websiteat www.datamine.co.uk and the Mine2-4D website, www.mine24d.com

Telephone Support

The Datamine support desk is available during normal office hours from your local Datamineoffice.

MSN Messenger

Support is also available from MSN messenger. For more details, please contact your localDatamine office.
http://www.mine24d.com/http://www.datamine.co.uk/

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2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Mine2-4D is an Earthworks software product that uses a unique methodology to allow theintegrated design and scheduling of both underground and open pit mines.

Mine2-4D consists of the following main components:

The Vertical menu provides access to the Mine2-4D integrated design and schedulingprocesses. In this document, we will cover the use of the Design menu as it relates to thetraining dataset.

The Design menu provides access to the standard Design Window and batch (data-processing) commands. For more information in the use of this menu, please refer to theMine2-Design Tool training manuals (Manuals 1A and 1B).

Vertical Mine2-4DMenu

Design Window

Desi n Ad ustable

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3 THE USER AND DESIGN MANAGER

Introduction and Background to task

This training manual has been designed to introduce the concepts of sub-projects and longterm planning. It does this through the use of several Mine2-4D projects centered on an openstoping operation.

The data for this training should be installed on your machine under theC:\Database\Training\Mine2-4D Directory.

The 660, 680 and 700 levels represent the various levels of the mine, while theFuture_Infrastructure directory contains the capital development necessary to access andsupport mining operations from these three levels. The Common Data and Geologydirectoriescontain files that are common to all projects and will be referenced using the File InclusionList.

Before you start

Before creating a Mine2-4D Project, the Mine2-4D User Manager and Design Managermust first be correctly installed and configured. If you are a new Mine2-4D user at anestablished site, these aspects of the software will have already been taken care of by theSystem Administrator. However, it is still important to understand how the User Managerand Design Manager systems work.

What is the User Manager?

The Mine2-4D User Manager works in conjunction with the Mine2-4D Design Manager tocontrol the use of design files and ensure data integrity.

The User Manager is designed to allow administrators to set privileges and options forvarious Mine2-4D users. The program creates and administers a UserList. This list isaccessed when users logon to Mine2-4D.

The Administrator has full control over the passwords and options in this user list. For themost part there should only ever be one UserList (M4DuserList.m1d) for a site. This shouldbe stored on a central server and a path to this location mapped from the workstations.

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What is the Design Manager?

The Design Manager controls the individual Mine2-4D projects and manages the data acrossthe network. Before being able to commence work on a project, the project must bechecked out from the server to a working directory. Should the local disk be selected as theworking directory, this can dramatically speed up processing. The Mine2-4D Design

Manager works in conjunction with the Mine2-4D User Manager to control the use of designfiles and ensure data integrity.

Once a user profile has been setup in the User Manager, the Design Manager controlsaccess to project files from a central file server.

The Design Manager ensures that two users cannot work on the same project file at thesame time. This is to prevent loss of data when users copy worked projects back to thecentral file server. The Design Manager also ensures that a single user cannot check outtwo projects at the same time - this would lead to data being overwritten within the localworking directory.

Userlists and your Working Directory

The Design Manager requires a user-list and working directory to be set so that a user canaccess and create project files

Data Management and Checking Procedures

Within the Design Manager, a user has access to several data management and checkingprocedures. These include:

Adding an existing project to the Design Manager

Deleting a project from the Design Manager

Checking out a project

Checking in a project

Undoing a check out

Retrieving the original data from the server

Showing the working history of a project

Exercise 1

Create a new User List

You should have the following icon available from the bottom right hand corner of yourWindows tooltray:

If this icon is not visible, go to Start | Programs | Earthworks | Mine2-4d Tools |Systray to initialise. Right clicking on the icon in the tooltray should reveal the followingmenu:

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From this menu, select the User Manager option.

Select File | Set Userlist Location, and create a new directory under the C:\ProgramFiles\Earthworks\Mine2-4D directory called UserList. Select this new directory as youruser-list location.

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You will be prompted to enter a password for access to the new user list. Enter admin as thepassword. This will become the new Administrator password to the Mine2-4D system,including start-up of the software.

By default, the list file (M4Duserlist.m1d) will automatically be saved to the current location,either the working directory you are in or the directory you have specified using the SetUserlist Location menu. The location of the user-list will be displayed in the status bar at

the base of the dialog.

If this location is incorrect, use the Set Userlist Location option to update the directorylocation.

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Exercise 2 - User Administration

Select Options | User Administration and then enter the Administrator passwordadmin

to continue.

The fields in the User administration window represent the following:

Username : the logon name for the user, and must be unique for each user. Note: Theadminuser-name for the Administrator cannot be deleted or renamed.

Password : the password to the user log-in name - shown in an encrypted form in thisdialog. The actual password may be altered by the administrator by right clicking on the rowand selecting Change Password. The existing password is not required in order to change

the password.

Privileges : This is broken up into 4 status levels: Administrator status (of which there mayonly be 1), Power User status (has ability to change everything in Mine2-4D with theexception of usernames and passwords), User status (can alter designs but definitiondatabases cannot be changed) and Read Only status, which does not have the ability tochange anything in the system.

Password Saves : This option should be toggled ON if remembering of the userspassword is allowed during user logon. If toggled OFF, the option will be disabled and theuser will have to re-type the password each time they logon.

Active : The activity status of a user can be toggled OFF and set to Inactive if required - theirdetails can remain on the system, however the ability to logon is removed. If the user

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attempts to logon while their status is set as inactive, a message box will appear on themachine asking them to contact the system administrator. It is recommended that ratherthan deletingusers, the status should be set to inactive.

Stand Alone : This toggle allows the user to access the system when not connected to thenetwork. This option can be toggled OFF for users other than the Administrator.

User Types : The user can be allocated a User Type to limit their access to specific areas ofthe database - All, Engineering, Geology or Survey.

To add and delete records from the User list simply right click on the grid and select theappropriate option.

Add yourself to the user list, giving yourself Power User privileges.

Exercise 3 Create a new File Add List

The File Add List stores links to common user files which can be accessed by all users whenworking in Mine2-4D. It enables users to access these files directly from the server withouthaving to duplicate them on their local drive. It is suitable for files such as geological models,wireframes, topographies and general infrastructure.

Select Options | File Add List to get the File Add List dialog:

Right-click on the Files to Add window, then select Add File

Add the model file resmod.dm to the File Add List. This can be found in the sub-directoryGeology.

Repeat for the file 2dgrid.dm which can be found in the sub-directory Common Data.

The File Add List screen should appear as follows :

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Click OK to return to the User Manager.

Exercise 4 Create a new Attribute List

The Attribute List stores pre-determined manual attributes that can be accessed later when

editing any file in the Design Manager Database.

Add a New Attribute

From the User Manager dialog, select Options | Attribute List, then select New. Youshould now see the New Attribute dialog as shown below.

Type in the New Attribute Name LEVEL and click OK

When adding a new attribute it is necessary to specify the type of attribute - Numeric orAlpha-Numeric. If the type is Alpha-numeric, the character length of the attribute (a multipleof 4 to a maximum of 20) must also be specified.

Add Values for an Attribute

To add an Attribute Value to the Attribute List for the selected attribute (which shouldcurrently be LEVEL), simply right-click in the Attribute List grid area then select Add Recordfrom the pop-up menu. You should now see the New Attribute Value dialog, as shownbelow.

Type in the value 660 at the New Attribute Name prompt, then select OK.

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Next enter the values 680 and 700 in the same way, and, finally, click Exit.

The Attribute List dialog should now appear as follows.

Click OK, to return to the User Manager dialog.

Select File | Exit to exit from the User Manager.

Exercise 5 Starting a new project in Design Manager

You can commence work in Mine2-4D either by executing a checked out project from theDesign Manager or starting a new project through the Mine2-4D Design Manager. In thisexercise, we will create a new project for the Future Infrastructure directory.

Initiate the Design Manager dialog from the Mine2-4D tooltray icon or by using: Start |Programs | Earthworks | Mine2-4D Tools | Design Manager. On the Logon dialog,enter the Username that you created in Exercise 2 above, e.g.:

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You should see the Design Manager dialog:

First select the sub-directory Working as your working directory using the option File | SetWorking Folder.

If the sub-directory Working does not exist under the training directory, create it.

Once you have specified your working directory, create a new project file for the Undergrounddirectory by clicking New at the bottom of the Design Manager window.

In the Browse For Folder dialog, find and select the folder Underground | FutureInfrastructure (within the Database | Training | M24D folder). You will then get the

following dialog, but with an empty text box:

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Enter a name for the new project ie: Future_Infrastructure, then click OK. The projectshould automatically be created and checked out by the system and subsequently executedon your computer. (Warning: you may need to select or enter license details at this stage.)

Exercise 6 Check in / Check Out

Once Mine2-4D has initialised, exit using File | Exit and return to the Design Manager.

You will notice that the newly created project is still checked-out on your system. Youshould check the project back in by right-clicking on the project then selecting Check In fromthe menu. Then enter an appropriate (polite!) comment. (Because this is a new project, it isnot correct to use Undo Check Out see below.)

Check In

Use Check In if you have made any changes to the project, or if you wish to make acomment about it. It is compulsory to include a comment when checking in to inform otherusers of any changes made. The Design Manager will then perform the following tasksautomatically:

Backing up of the old project files on the file server.

Copying the recently worked data back to the server.

Creating a project history entry including user, time checked out, time checked in,comment and back-up file.

Undo Check Out

If no changes were made, you can undo the check out rather than check the project back in.This will eliminate the need to back-up data.

The project will be checked back in and the original data will be restored on the design fileserver. Note that any changes made since the last check out will be lost.

Exercise 7 Project History

Show History

The working history of a project in the Design Manager can be viewed by right-clicking theproject and selecting Show History from the menu.

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Select Exit to return to the Design Manager dialog.

In preparation for the next exercise, you will need to check the project back out by right-clicking on the project then selecting Check Out from the menu, followed by Execute.(Located in the lower right-hand corner of the Design Manager).

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4 PROJECT SETUP

Introduction and background to task

The purpose of this section is to introduce you to some of the tools available from theProject Setup dialog in Mine2-4D.

Project Setup

The Project Setup dialog is used to define the initial design information for a project.

Sub-Projects

Sub-projects can be used in Mine 2-4D as a means of scenario analysis - each sub-projectuses the same .m4d file (containing the tables for the project), but can contain a completelydifferent design or Mine2-4D design parameters.

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Project Setup dialogs

Dialog Description

General Allows for entry of string files to be includedin the design, and basic project options.

Conventions Setup of attributes, properties and namingconvention to be used for the Project.

Geology Block Model setup for interrogation anddepletion

Derived Activities Definition of derived activities, including aderived activity expression builder

Scheduler Allows for entry of EPS Scheduler setupdetails. (Can also be accessed from EPS).

Project Details

Details for the current project are specified in the Project Set-up | General menu.

Design Strings

In the Project Setup menu you can specify the design string types to be used within theproject and define the files corresponding to each active design string type.

There are three design string types that can be used: fixed cross sectionals, outlines andcomplex solids.

Fixed cross sectionals (fxs) are created by applying a fixed cross sectional area to adesign string (survey line).

Outlines are created by projecting closed strings a set distance perpendicularly, or byprojecting them to hanging-wall and foot-wall wireframes.

Complex solids (cxs) are created by wireframing two closed strings.

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Exercise 1 Mine2-4D Startup

If you havent already executed the Future_Infrastructure Project as part of the previousexercise, do so now by completing the following:

1. Start Design Manager either from the Desktop icon or by selecting Start |Programs | Earthworks | Mine2-4D Tools | Design Manager.

2. Check out the Future_Infrastructure project that was created in the IntroductoryTutorial by right-clicking on the project entry then selecting Check Out.

3. Click Execute (at the bottom of the Design Manager dialog) and Mine2-4D will start.

Exercise 2 Project Setup

1. Click on the Project Setup button to enter the Project Setup dialog. The initial

dialog, shown below, is General.

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Design Strings

The Future_Infrastructure project consists of one design file containing centre-lines for theramp, vent and orepass system for an open stoping operation. The design file is calledhwrs.dmand can be found in the Future_Infrastructure folder.

1. To attach this table to your project, select Add File to Project (or use File |Add Files to Project.

2. Next tick the Fixed Cross Sectionalcheckbox, then select the design string file HWRS

by clicking on the browser button . A window will open listing the string filesavailable. Because the table HWRS does not physically reside in the working folder,you will see the following message:

3. Click Yes to confirm this action.

4. Click the view button to view the fxs design strings. The strings will be loaded into

the Design Window. (If this window is currently an icon, you will need to Restore itbefore you can see the strings.)

5. To see the loaded design strings in 3-D, right-click in the Design Window and selectUpdate Visualizer Objects from the menu. Your Visualizer should look similar to thefollowing:

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Options

1. Leave all the options turned off.

Measurement system

1. Set the Measurementsystem to Metric.

2. Check that the Project dialog has the settings shown below:

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Exercise 3 Geology Interrogation

Geological Interrogation is where you can specify geological block model evaluation methods.

1. On the Project Setup dialog, select Geology | Interrogation:

2. Next, ensure that the model file RESMOD is part of your project. To do this, selectFile | Browse Project. IfRESMOD does not exist, add it to the project using File |Add Files to Project | Manually. The file you need to add is resmod.dm in the folderGeology.

3. Right-click in the grid (grey area), then select Add from the menu. A defaultInterrogate action for RESMOD will be added to the list:

4. This will be sufficient for a simple interrogation of all design data against the model.

5. Make sure that the Perform Dilution Calculations checkbox is ticked; this ensures thatany voids are treated as waste with no grade.

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6. Set the [Default] value for Density to [4] as shown in the following image:

Legend to use in Interrogation Although we are not using this option for this exercise, it

is good to know of its existence.

The Legend to use in Interrogation allows the user to specify a Legend that will be usedduring the interrogation. This Legend needs to have first been defined under the Format |Legend menu. The legend mustbe set up using a field from the geological model that is NOTgoing to be interrogated.

Exercise 4 General Options

1. Without leaving the Project Setup dialog, select Tools | Options | General to getthe Options dialog:

2. Ensure the default Measurement system is set to metric and the gradient conventionto 1:nand +ve up, the latter meaning that a positive gradient value indicates anupwards gradient and a negative value is downwards.

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3. Select the Scheduler tab and select the default scheduling project as the EarthworksProduction Scheduler.

Exercise 5 Property Conventions

1. Select Conventions | Properties to display the Properties dialog (see below).

You should see 10 default base properties which cannot be deleted or modified. Theseproperties are Metres, Area, Insitu Tonnes, Insitu Volume, Density, Tonnage Factor,Grade Factor, Mined Tonnes, Mined Volume and Void Volume.

You can add or delete extra properties by right-clicking and selecting from the popupmenu. You will find that you are now able to select those attributes that have beenmade available by connecting to the model file RESMOD: CU, and ZONE.

2. Select CUand add to the properties.

When adding new properties, you must assign a name andunits. If applicable a basepropertycan be selected from the drop-down menu upon which the new property willbe weighted.

3. Toggle on the Including Depletion fields option. This has the effect of adding a furtherproperty: Depleted Volume.

4. Select OK to proceed.

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5 DESIGN AND VALIDATION


Mine2-4D streamlines the mine design process by containing tools to assist in automatingtime-consuming design processes, such as repetitive string design and data validation andcleaning.

The main Mine2-4D design dialog consists of the following three steps:

Step 1 Design

Mine2-4D automates a great deal of the mine design process by using string attributesto define different excavation types. By creating a new string (or group of strings)

with a unique colour, line style and symbol, the user can apply unique attributes to thestring at a later stage.

Step 2 - Design Validation

Mine2-4D automatics the string cleaning and checking processes via a DataValidation Wizard.

Step 3 - Design Definitions

Once the design stage is completed, Mine2-4D applies attributes to the strings. Theseattributes include description, mining rate and scheduling constraints.

There are two tabs that exist under the Design menu: Design and Tools.

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Design Tab

Under the Design tab, the following menus are available:

The Automatic Layout Tool is used to create designs from user-defined rules.

Note: Design Definitions must have been run before creating theAutomatic Layout rules, as they are based on the Mine2-4D description ofDesign Types

The Design Editor enables referencing of remote files while editing design strings.

Editing of Design Directions allows users to reverse the direction of design strings. It isvery important to ensure a string is laid out in the correct direction for sequencing andscheduling purposes.

In this instance, all of the design work has been carried out already. Therefore, all that is leftto do is to edit the design directions.

It is very important to ensure that the Fixed Cross-Sectional design strings run in the correctdirection, i.e. the direction of mining. If not, problems will occur with the sequence and thescheduling of the design. These problems can be fixed later, but it is much more difficult andtime-consuming to do so.

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Tools Tab

Under the tools tab, the following menus are available:

The Design Tools Tab, is activated by pressing the Design icon in the main menu.

The Mean Azi and Dip button calculates the mean azimuth and dip of each design string.This information is stored in a duplicate string file, via the newly created attributes AZIMUTHand DIP.

The Borehole Warning dialog is used to find boreholes in the vicinity of excavations

Data Validation

The Data Validation Wizard can be used to clean the Mine2-4D design data or the dataassociated with any other user defined file selected via the browser.

During the design process, data may be duplicated, wrongly entered or corrupted. The DataValidation Wizard offers an array of tools for removing any of this erroneous data.

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The wizard investigates the Design Strings in the project. If no Design Strings have beendefined the dialog will not operate.

The Data Validation Wizard specifically deals with the following:

invalid attributes

invalid point strings

cross over strings

removal of duplicate strings and points

resolution of points

flagging of severe angle changes

endlink checking

complex solid checking

data deletion

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Attributes

This step allows the user to strip attributes from the design strings. Since all design tables inMine2-4D are database tables, attributes are simply extra fields in these tables. Removingthese attributes can reduce file size and processing time as well as keeping the data clean. Toremove any unwanted attributes click on the Remove check box next to the attribute.

Invalid Point Strings

Cross Over Strings

Duplicate Strings

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Duplicate Checking Precision can be set to check for points which are not exactly thesame. A checking precision of 0.1 is recommended. Leaving the precision set at 0 will ensurethat only exactduplicate strings are flagged.

Compare String Properties can be used to specify whether design definitions areused to define duplicate strings. If the check box is toggled on, Mine2-4D will only

flag duplicate strings which do not share the same COLOUR, LSTYLE and SYMBOLcombination. Otherwise, all spatial duplicates will be flagged.

Flag Partials can be toggled to search for strings which share two or more points.This tool is especially useful for highlighting fixed cross sectional strings that sharemany points but each have at least one unique point.

Duplicate Example 1

The strings shown in the fixed cross sectional example above would generally not beflagged as duplicates. However, if the precision was set to 0.5, points A2 and B1would be seen as duplicate and points A3 and B2 would also be seen as duplicate.Still, if Flag Partials was not checked, these strings would not be seen as duplicate aspoints A1 and B3 would both be seen as unique.

Hence if the precision was set to 0.5 and the Flag Partials was toggled on for FixedCross Sectionals, these strings would be seen as duplicate. If the Check DesignDefinitions toggle for Fixed Cross Sectionals was also toggled, these strings would not

be seen as duplicate as string A has COLOUR 7 while string B has COLOUR 8.

Duplicate Example 2

In this second example, running with a precision of0.5, the Flag Partials check boxwould not need to be toggled on to find string B as a duplicate. Because all of thepoints on string B can be found on string A, string B would be flagged as a duplicate.

Note: If the Check Design Definition check box was toggled for FixedCrossSectionals, string B would not be found as a duplicate, as it does not havethe same COLOUR, LSTYLEand SYMBOL combination as string A.

Resolve Points

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Rectify Severe Angle Changes

Endlink Checking

The end link checker will only activate as long as there are outline or complex solid designtypes. Fixed Cross Sectionals are not subjected to this check. The process cycles through thedesign and checks each item individually.

Complex Solid Checking

As per the endlink check, the complex solid checker is only run on the complex solids designtypes. Fixed Cross Sectionals and Outlines are not subjected to this check

Data Deletion

The dialog shown above is displayed at the conclusion of the data validation process.Suspected problems are highlighted by recolouring the column heading either red or orange.

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The fields of the grid represent the following:

Field Description

PVALUE unique ID for each string

TYPE 1, 2 or 3 for each of the design types (FXS, OUT and CXS respectively)

COLOUR Colour of the string

LSTYLE Linestyle of the string

SYMBOL Symbol used for points on the string

Dupl ID Duplicate strings

Partial duplicates will be highlighted in Orange, while exact duplicates

will be highlighted in Red. By hovering over a duplicate, the PVALUE ofthe matching duplicate is displayed as shown.

Point Number of points in the string.

A single point string is not allow anywhere in Mine2-4D. Two and threepoint strings in CXS and OUT design types are defined as suspect.

RSLVE Instances where points along a string are closer than the specifiedminimum tolerance.

Angles Instances where strings contain severe angle changes.

CXS Number of strings with the COLOUR, LSTYLE and SYMBOL combination.

A CXS MUST contain at least two strings - if it does not it will be flagged.

EndLink Endlink problem.

If an error in the end-linking process occurred then the suspect stringwill be flagged.

XO XY Cross over in the XY plane.

XO YZ Cross over in the YZ plane.

XO XZ Cross over in the XZ plane.

A cross over string is calculated on view planes. While the system willflag crossovers they MUST be checked by the user. Looping strings willalso be reported as crossovers.

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Exercise 1 Edit Design Directions

1. Click on the Edit Design Directions button in the vertical Design | Designtab menu. This will open the design in the Design Window and initiate theEdit Design Directions dialog.

2. Arrows show the direction of each mining segment along the string.

3. Select the strings whose direction you wish to reverse - multiple strings can beselected by holding down the Control key while left-clicking - then click the

reverse direction button . Alternatively you can use the short-cut key(rev).

4. You will notice the direction of the arrows on the design string will bereversed. This is a visual representation of the correct direction of mining.

5. Click OK to update the design string files with the altered string directions.

Click the Cancel button to discard all changes (design string files will not beupdated).

6. You should be required to edit the direction of several of the strings. You mayalso wish to use the insert-point-at-intersections (ii) and delete-point(dpo) commands to trim the vent raise to the lower access.

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7. Finally, use your knowledge of the Design Window commands to completethe design by adding an Ore Pass vertically connecting the three OrepassCrosscuts. (For more information on these commands, please refer to yourMine2-4D Design Tools Manual 1A).

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Exercise 2 Data Validation

1. Under the Design Vertical Menu, select the Validation button.

2. Select the Data Validation Wizard :

The wizard investigates the Design Strings in the project. If no Design Strings havebeen defined the dialog will not operate.

3. Check the design strings for each of the following, as per the exercises:

invalid attributes

invalid point strings

cross over strings

removal of duplicate strings and points

resolution of points

flag severe angle changes

data deletion

4. Upon completion of the wizard, you should see the following form displayed:

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5. Select the redXO XYHeading. You should see that all of the records are sortedaccording to this column, with any problem records reporting to the top of the form.

6. Check the Show and Auto Zoom options, and Apply Filter.

7. You will notice that it is the ramp string that is highlighted. In this instance theproblem of suspected cross-overs has been flagged with the string as the string DOEScross over in the X-Y plane. As this is not an error with the data there is no need tomake any adjustments.

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6 DESIGN DEFINITIONS


The Design Definitions Menu is accessible from the Design menu:

The Design Definitions dialog is available from the Connect to Definitions area. Thisdialog contains up to three tabs, depending on the file types that were previously enabled inthe Project Setup. The valid string file types are:

Fixed cross sectionals

Outline definition

Complex solids

Filters and Attributes Buttons

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Applying Filters

To have access to the above options, you must toggle on View Design strings while editingDesign Definitions upon opening of the Design Definitions form.

This toggle allows you to subsequently view any strings with an individual design definition ontheir own by using filters. To view strings of a particular description, click on the description,then click the Apply Button in theFilters area. All other Design Types will be hidden in theDesign Window. To view all of the design strings for that design type, click on the Remove

Filters button.

To change how you view the strings (i.e. to fill the entire Design Window) check the AutoZoom button before applying the filter. This will automatically zoom to extents when youapply the filter. To remove the filter click on the remove filter button.

Editing Attributes

To edit the attributes of design strings, click on the Edit button in theAttributes area then goto the Design Window and click the string you wish to edit.

Four attribute menu buttons will appear at the bottom left of the Design Window:

Colour (Base Attribute)

Symbol (Base Attribute)

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Linestyle (Base Attribute)

Other Attributes

Clicking the Colour, Symbol, or Linestyle menu buttons will bring up the respective lists ofthose types from which you can choose.

To change an attribute of the selected design string, click on the Colour, Symbolor Linestyle

that you wish to use.

Clicking on the Other Attributes Box will bring up two boxes to the right; one with theAttribute Name and the other with theAttribute Value. Arrows are provided to the right ofthe Attribute Name Box which allow the user to scroll through the variousAttribute Names.To change the Attribute Value click in Attribute Value Box, type in the new value and hitenter. Be aware thatAttribute Names and their Values are case sensitive.

Saving Changes to Attributes

Once you have finished editing the design string attributes, to update the design definitiondatabase click on the Update button in the Attributes area of the Design Definitionswindow. You will be asked if you wish to save the current design.

On clicking Yes the design string file and the design definition database will be updated withany new combinations of Colour, Symboland Linestyle. You must then fill in the Propertiesfor any new Design Types that have been added.

On Clicking No you will lose any changes made.

Cross Section Tool

Clicking the button will bring up the X-Section Tool dialog.

On exiting the Design Definition Database, Mine2-4D will prompt whether the user wishesto connect the definition database to the design. Clicking OK will apply all the Properties fromthe Design Definition Database to the Design String File.

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Segment Length

The segment distance specifies the segment length to which each fxs design string will becut, for the purposes of sequencing, wireframing, evaluation, and scheduling.

Note: It is possible to enter a segment length of-1. This will have the effect of

creating NO segments. Similarly, entering -2will have the effect of breaking thestring into 2 equal segment lengths etc

The smaller the segment length chosen, the greater the level of detail able to be reported.However, reducing the segment length also has the effect of increasing the number of recordsin a project. Therefore there typically has to be some compromise between reasonableamount of detail, and reasonable size of project.

Exercise 1 Design Definitions

1. Select the Design Definitions Menu from the vertical Design Menu.

2. The following warning will be displayed:

3. Check the box to View Design Strings while editing Design Definitions. This will loadthe design strings into the Design Window for you to view and edit. If you do not

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toggle this option on, you will not have access to the filtering and attribute optionsdiscussed in the Background Information.

4. If you have not saved valid changes to the strings in the Design Window, click No atthis point. Return and save the changes before continuing.

5. If you are happy that all data is saved, click Yes to Continue.

6. On selecting Yes, the following warning dialog will appear:

7. Click YES and select theM24DESC field. This will select the M4DDESC field as thebasis for each string Description.

8. The Design Definition form will then open. Check that you can see the following:

Before continuing you will need to edit theX-Sectional shape, Scheduling Rate and SegmentDistance for each design type as follows:

Cross Sectional Shape

By default, you are able to choose from three standard X-Sectional shapes. These areStandard Rectangular, Standard Circular and ShantyBack. You also have the option to createany user defined shape required.

9. For the Orepass_XCut choose a Standard RectangularX Section shape and give itthe following dimensions: 4mW x 4mH.

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10.For the Ramp, we first need to create a user-defined arched profile. To do this, click

the button to bring up the X-Section Tool dialog. Select theArch option andinput a height of5m, a width of5m and an arch radius of1.8m. By selecting theCreate button, you should see the following displayed on screen:

`

11.Select the Save Option and you will be prompted to enter a name for your newprofile.

12.You will then be prompted to select two outline positions. These positions will be usedas the reference points to automatically generate wall strings for you. Therefore itmakes sense to select the two points at the left and right hand corner of the arch.You will be prompted to reply if you are happy with the outline points you haveselected. Choose Yes and Exit from the X-Sectional Tool. You will now find thatyou are able to select the 5x5 Arch from the drop down list when nominating your XSectional Shape.

13.To finish, nominate the following:

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Orebody_XCut Standard Rectangular 5mW x 5mH

Vent Raise Standard Circular 3.5m diameter

Vent_XCut Standard Rectangular 4mW x 4mH

Orepass: Standard Circular 3.5m diameter

Segment Length

By scrolling to the right of the main Design Definition form, you will notice that there isallowance to enter in a scheduling constraint, rate and segment distance.

The default scheduling constraint is ASAP (As Soon As Possible). The option of As Late AsPossible (ALAP ) is also available.

14.Change the Description field, so that each different activity type has both a 2-3character codeas well as the description of the activity. (This is important to ensurethe naming convention works properly, as will be discussed in more detail later).

15.Enter the Scheduling rates andSegment distances as per the above form. Please notethat the Scheduling rate is the nominal rate that will be exported to your schedulingpackage. Therefore it is a good idea to select a sensible figure for each design type.

A segment distance of 10 will cause your design strings to broken into 10m segmentintervals for wall and wireframe creation. A segment distance of -1 will cause yourdesign strings to be maintained with no segment distance being used while a segmentdistance of -2 will cause your design strings to be broken into two halves etc

The segment distances you choose will affect the sequencing rules in later chapters.

The advanced options are for integration with the Earthworks Rings package.

16.Select Connect to save and continue.

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7 PREPARATION


The preparation menu can be accessed from both the Design and Planning Menus.

Design Menu

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Preparation Menu

The functions available through the vertical Design | Design Definitions | PreparationMenu allow the user to apply the attributes defined in the Project Setup to the design. Thesefunctions can also be accessed from the Planning | Preparation Menu.

The preparation area is also where the user creates Design, Defined and Derived activities.

Design activities are those defined in your Design Definition table, such as rampdevelopment and stoping.

Defined Activities are stand-alone occurrences, such as a Crusher Chamber

installation, a 3 month exploration drilling program etc

Derived activities are activities that can be based on a Base activity. For example,longhole drilling metres can be derived from your base activity of stoping.

Exercise 1 Define Attributes

Attributes are user-defined data definitions that can be applied to design items eithermanually or automatically. Typical examples of attributes would be a level identifier attribute,LEVEL or the access name attribute, NAMEetc. Attribute names and purposes will vary fromsite to site.

Before an attribute can be applied to a design item, it must first be defined in the ProjectSetup.

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Attributes can be defined as follows:

Visual Manual Attributes: rarely used, except in situations where it is useful to re-colour the design items based on the application of the attribute.

Non- visual manual attributes: the most common. Attributes are applied to the

design item manually.

Automatic: attributes are automatically assigned to the design items from 2D stringfiles or 3D wireframe files.

Scheduler Entered: attributes are created in EPS and applied to design items afterthe schedule has been generated.

Model Identifier: automatically applied by Mine2-4D, to keep a record of whichmodel was used during the evaluation process.

Return to the Project Setup area and define the following under the Attributes menu:

This ensures that every design string in Mine2-4D has the following attributes associated withit:

LEVEL Numeric code field.

Once this attribute has been defined, select the Design | Design Definitions | PreparationMenu. You are now able to start defining the attributes.

Exercise 2 Apply Design Attributes

1. Select the Non-Visual Attribute menu, under the Planning | Preparationarea.

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The dialog you now see should be as follows:

2. Select the 660 level Orebody XCut, Orepass_XCut and Vent_XCut strings.From the drop-down list available in the Set Attribute Value form, select the660 value (as previously defined in the User Manager | Options | AttributeList). Select the Set Selected button to apply this attribute value to theselected strings in the Design Window.

3. Repeat the process for the 680 and 700 level strings. (Do not apply any value

for the decline or ventilation rise). Upon completion, you should see the

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following, the - value indicating absent values for the LEVEL attribute onsome of the design strings.

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Exercise 3 - Wall & Point Generation

Wall and point generation occurs under the Design | Design Definitions | PreparationMenu. These functions can also be accessed from the Planning | Preparation Menu.

Each activity in Mine24D is in someway represented by a physical location in space and other

associated data. Wall and point creation takes the mine design as an input and converts it

over to a wall string and pointfor each activity. During the process the following tables arecreated:

walls_all_[] - a 3D string for each activity

points_all_[] - a 3D point in space for each activity

evald[] - dummy evaluation containing "estimated" values for metres and tonnage.

All of these tables are linked on SEGMENT .

As the Future_Infrastructure project consists of only a fxs design, it will only be necessary togenerate walls and points for this design type.

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1. Toggle ON the option to Create a single outline of each design string if youwish to create an additional output file, outd0.dm, containing one continuousoutline for each design string.

2. Select OK. Wall strings will then be generated for each segment (according tothe segment size defined in the Design Definitions form) and saved to the

wallsd0.dm file:

.

You should also note that each segment is represented by a single point(displayed as an arrow). The starting segment for each string is representedby a green point, the middle segment by a yellow point, the end segment by ared point and all other segments as blue points.

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8 SOLIDS AND EVALUATION


Continue to create a Mine2-4D Project for the Future Infrastructure.

Preparation

This stage can also be accessed from the Design Menu, and has been dealt with in theprevious chapter.

Solids and Evaluation

Once the preparation is completed, Mine2-4D wireframes each string segment as defined inthe Design Definition, and evaluates the resulting solids against a block model as defined inthe Project Setup.

Sequencing and Scheduling

Mine2-4D uses the walls generated in the Design stage to create solids for interrogatingagainst a geological block model, and the points are used to create scheduling links betweendifferent objects. In essence, the walls are used to generate data blocks, and the points areused to schedule these data blocks.

Once sequencing of the wall objects is completed, solids can be created which are used tointerrogate the geological database. At this point, the user will have a complete 3-dimensional data set with basic scheduling dependencies. All that is required is to finalise theschedule.

To do this, the data is transferred to the Earthworks Production Scheduler (EPS). Thisprogram is an advanced Mine Scheduling Program designed specifically to act as both a

standalone tool and as a fully integrated part of Mine2-4D.

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Reporting

A major aspect of Mine2-4D is its ability to communicate your design and schedule to others.Mine2-4D has a set of reporting tools that enable the user to communicate the design in arange of ways, from detailed costing numbers through to 3D animations.

Exercise 1 Creating Solids

Under the Solids and Evaluation Menu, the user has the ability to create solids for specifieddesign types.

1. For this exercise, we are only going to be wireframing our fixed cross sectionalstrings. Therefore select the Fixed Cross Sectional button. At the followingdialog, select OK.

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2. Upon completion, the following should be visible from the VisualizerWindow:

Exercise 2 Evaluating Solids

Once the solid models are created the user can move onto the Evaluation tab. Through thistab it is possible to evaluate each of the individual wireframed segments against the blockmodel(s) specified in the Project Setup.

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1. Select the Evaluate Design button, and OK. As this is the first time you haveprocessed any data using the resmod.dm model, you will be required to firstrun through the Block Model Validation Wizard.

This wizard helps validate your model, to ensure there are no absent ornegative values for any of the model fields. It also allows you to delete anyunnecessary fields in an effort to reduce overall file size and processing time.

2. As CU is the only grade field you are interested in evaluating, delete allremaining fields from the model by toggling off the option to include them inthe Output Model.

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3. As soon as the model validation has finished, select Finish to allow theevaluation process to begin.

Upon completion, an Interrogation Report will be displayed. This reporthighlights those wireframes that have a large volume discrepancy between thedummy volume (calculated volume) and evaluation volume (evaluated againstthe block model).

4. If you have toggled on the option to Display the report grid on completion youwill have the following Data Reporting screen displayed at the end of theevaluation processing:

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5. This screen can be displayed at all times by selecting the Tools | Reporting |Project option from the menu.

6. Experiment with the group by columns option that is available by dragging thecolumn header to the grey grid area at the top of the form. A variety ofactions can also be performed on the data by selecting from the Column |Action options available from the left hand side of the form. For example, inthe form below the data has been grouped according to the M4DESCfield andthe metres have been summed for each different occurrence ofM4DDESC.

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9 SEQUENCING


The sequencing menu takes care of the automatic and manual sequencing of activities,as well as the sequence export and scheduling.

.

Automatic Dependency Creation

The automatic dependency process enables the user to create dependencies between theactivities in the mine design. Each of these activities has a unique 3D point, which is used tocreate the 3D dependencies. The automatic dependency definitions are used to create manyof these dependencies. It should be noted that dependencies are created based on theDescription, as setup in the Design Definitions dialog.

Mine2-4D can automatically generate dependency definitions. Using the premise thatunderground mining development is usually related to other development spatially, Mine2-4Duses a search radius to calculate the links between adjacent activities.

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Position

Throughout the Automatic Dependency Definitions dialog, the term "Position" is used torepresent a location on a design string. Four positions types are available - START, END, MIDand ANY.

START - start point of a string (denoted as a green point)

END - end point of a string (denoted as a red point)

MID - approximate middle point of a string (denoted as a yellow point)

ANY - includes any point from strings with the specified description, including Start,End and Mid-points (denoted by green, red, yellow or blue point).

Search Origin

Mine2-4D uses the Search Origin to define where to focus a search for Predecessors orSuccessors. The user must select the description of the string and the position on the stringto centre the search radius.

Note: at least one of the Predecessor or Successor fields must match thedescription of the Search Origin. If this is not the case no automatic linkingwill take place.

Predecessor/Successor

By definition, a successor is dependent upon a predecessor. Mine2-4D will search thePredecessor and Successor fields for a DIFFERENTdescription to the Search Origin point.

Position Overrider

The Position Overrider is effective when there is ambiguity within the search criteria. Thefollowing example illustrates one of these cases.

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Position Scenario

Headings "B" and "C" represent two active cut and fill stopes. The distance from the startactivity of "A" to the END activity of B is roughly 50m. The distance from the END activity ofB to C's END activity is 5 m. The search radius that would need to be created in order toencapsulate B's END point would be so large, that C's END point would most likely be withinthe sphere'. There could likely be other END points of B or C on a different elevation. ThePosition Override would allow a much smaller search radius to be used. TheANYpositionpoint combined with the END Override Position would first find the nearest (ANY) B point, yetOverride to the END point for linking.

In addition to the standard type of Overrider it is also legitimate to supply an integer value.This will override the join by that number of segments. This can be particularly useful whentrying to ensure that faces are kept a certain distance from each other. If the number ofsegments goes past the last segment of the parent string, the override will not be performed.Negative values are also supported, however, if the position goes beyond the start of theparent string, no override will be performed.

Link (Delay / Type)

Under the LINK feature, two subheadings exist. DELAY is quite obviously a built-in delay.The link simply dictates order of operation', but the delay will provide a time lag whererequired. There are four choices under TYPE, namely FS, SF, SS, FF(Start and Finish Links1 through 4 respectively).

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Type Examples

The FS option will be the link used most often. The FFis an effective tool, as it will ensuretwo items complete simultaneously. It is important that this link is only be used with a totalunderstanding of global efforts since it can cause problems if used incorrectly.

Limiting the Search

By definition, a successor is dependent upon a predecessor. Mine2-4D will search the

Predecessor and Successor fields for a DIFFERENT description to the Search Origin point.

When creating dependencies from the definitions setup in this dialog, Mine2-4D will searchthe Predecessor and Successor fields for entries with a description and position that differsfrom the Search Origin. The program will search for points of this description and position asa Predecessor or Successor as specified.

Search (Method / Radius / Origin)

SEARCHING is broken up into three different categories. The grey areas in the AutomaticDependency Definitions box represent cells that no data is required to input since a defaulthas been selected.

RADIUS is the distance that is searched from the Search Origin's activity to the outermostshell.

METHOD is subdivided into six further categories in order to narrow the search:

o Standard (Spherical) This provides no limits with respect to elevation or azimuth

o Standard (+ve Z) This option ensures that only activities with an elevation abovethe Search Origin's activity are considered. This can also be visualized as the upperhemisphere with the Search Origin's activity as the core

o Standard (-ve Z) - This option ensures that only activities with an elevation below

the Search Origin's activity are considered. This can also be visualized as the lowerhemisphere with the Search Origin's activity as the core

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o Constrained (Spherical) - This option provides no limits with respect to azimuth

o Constrained (+ve Z) - This option allows the user to narrow the defined azimuth toan elevation greater than that of the Search Origin's activity

o Constrained (-ve Z) - This option allows the user to narrow the defined azimuth to

an elevation less than that of the Search Origin's activity

ORIGIN is how the user wants the search to be oriented, and is also subdivided. This optionallows the user to be more specific with the desired searching area with different optionsavailable when using STANDARD vs. DEFINED AZIMUTH for the METHOD. As the userselects the ORIGIN, the SEARCH AZIMUTHand SEARCH DIPcells will toggle between whiteand grey. Grey indicates that input is not required. This deals with the four categoriesclassified as:

o STANDARD method

o USER DEFINED This option should be selected when the user wishes to

define the MAIN Azimuth and Dip of the perspective from the Search Origin'sactivity

o DESIGN AZIMUTH - This option should be selected when the user wishes tosimply define the MAIN Dip, while using the design's existing Azimuth

o DESIGN DIP - This option should be selected when the user wishes to simplydefine the MAIN Azimuth, while using the design's existing Dip

o DESIGN AZIMUTH & DIP This option should be selected when the user issatisfied using the design's existing Azimuth and Dip

o DEFINED AZIMUTH method requires the user to input the two azimuths "1" and "2" (inthe Automatic Dependency Definitions box), from the Design or MAIN, which areto be searched between. The following schematics clearly show examples of differentpossibilities.

o USER DEFINED This option should be selected when the user wishes todefine the MAIN Azimuth and Dip, as well as dictating the search Azimuth

o DESIGN AZIMUTH - This option should be selected when the user wishes toinput only the Dip, while satisfied with using the design Azimuth

o DESIGN DIP - This option should be selected when the user wishes to inputonly the Azimuth, while satisfied with using the design Dip

o DESIGN AZIMUTH & DIP This option should be selected when the user issatisfied using the design's existing Azimuth and Dip

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The SEARCH RADIUS DIVISORS dictate the size and shape of the search extents. The Y-axiswill be the Design Azimuth unless otherwise specified by the user. The X and Z-axis units canbe manipulated to produce a shape other than a sphere. For example, if the RADIUS is set to25 and the X, Y, and Z parametres are all set to 1, a sphere with a search radius of 25 would

be created. Because of the DIVISOR's nature, the value will be divided by the RADIUS toproduce a search radius for that axis. For example, with the RADIUS set to 25, and the X andY parametres are set to 1 with the Z parametre set to 2, an ellipsoid with a 25m radius for theX and Y axis with a 12.5m (25/2) radius for the Z axis will be created.

By clicking on the activity points will be annotated with the Description given in theDesign Definitions.

Pressing the Generate button will result in the dependencies being created.

Exercise 1: Automatic Sequence Generation

For this exercise, we are going to use Automatic Sequence Generator to create as many ofour dependencies as possible.

1. First select the Automatic Button.

2. You will need to create approximately 5-6 rules, defining the interaction between thedevelopment types. The best way to create your automatic rules is to build the rulesone at a time. Your first rule for the [Ramp to Orebody_XCut] development may besimilar to the following:

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3. Note that the search radius required will depend heavily on the segment distance usedin the Design Definitions form. As the Ramp was originally assigned a segmentdistance of 10m, this also makes sense for the initial search radius.

4. As soon as you are satisfied with the first automatic Sequence rule you have created,select the Process button. The following screen will then appear:

5. Adjust the animation interval to 300and select the Animate button. Your sequencewill be animated in the Design Window. Links will be displayed as bright purplestings that are easily distinguished.

Increase animation interval.

Select OK to save andexit.

Select Animate to view

You will need to toggleRecalculate Sequence if linkshave been MOVED (as opposedto created).

Link creation button. Select andthen snap from and to the points

that you want to create the link

Delay button. Set beforecreating new link.

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6. The initial sequence rule should result in three sequence links being generated.

7. Once you are satisfied with the effect of your single rule creation, select OK and returnto the AutomaticSequence Generator. Build up the remaining three rules yourequire to sequence the entire future infrastructure process. If you encounterproblems, you may wish to refer to the completed rules overleaf.

8. Select Process and re-run the animation. If your rules are correct, you will havecreated 11 automatic dependencies.

Sequencing Troubleshooting

If you are not happy with the sequencing, you can use the Sequence, Filter, AutoLink andChecks menus to help troubleshoot. If the problem is that one of your rules is unsuitable,select OK and return to the Automatic Rule Generator to resolve. You may find that youactually need to return and edit your design string directions or actual design strings in orderto streamline the process.

If the problem is a single one-off instance that could be fixed by the addition of a smallnumber of manual links, you may prefer to use the Dependencies area to add a manual

dependency. You can do this by selecting the button.

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Exercise 2 Scheduling

Once you are satisfied with the sequencing, you are able to move onto the Scheduling area.

The Scheduling tab allows for the export/import of the visual schedule into the EarthworksProduction Scheduler (EPS) for further refinement. For this exercise, we will be using a blankEPS template. Therefore select the Sequence Export button, to see the following dialog:

It is possible to select settings for EPS in the Project Setup of Mine2-4D. In this exercise weare simply going to export the raw data.

1. Select OK to start the exporting process. This may take a few minutes.

2. Once complete, select the Open Selected Scheduler button. You should see thefollowing displayed on your screen:

Returns to the manual sequencing form forsequence validation.

O ens the Mine2-4D data in EPS usin the

UPDATES Mine2-4D with any changes made in EPS(Links, start dates, finish dates, rates, data valuesetc).

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10 AN INTRODUCTION TO EPS


EPS is a project-scheduling tool that has been developed specifically for the mining industry.On its own it is an independent Gantt-chart scheduler, with an interface similar to MicrosoftProject. Unlike Microsoft Project, it uses a flexible relationship between three factors:quantity, rate and duration. Normally, mining activities determine the quantity and use therate to determine the duration; however any two factors can be used by EPS to calculate thethird.

EPS is fully integrated with Mine2-4D, facilitating the two-way transfer of activity/resourcedata and dependencies to produce a graphical schedule.

This tutorial briefly introduces some of the main functions of EPS. For more advanced training,please refer to the Advanced EPS Training Manual (Mine2-4D Manual 4).

The EPS Interface

The EPS interface consists of a Task Table, Gantt Chart, Crosstab and Date Bar.

The Gantt Chartarea of the application shows a view of the schedule information containedwithin the Task Table. When dependencies are created this information is stored in the TaskTable. The scheduling engine calculates Start and Finish dates for the activities and theassociated Gantt Bars are shown in the Gantt Chart

The Crosstab then has the ability to show the information from the Task Table (both customand fixed fields) in the associated Date Barcolumn. In addition, filters may be applied to thisinformation for more advanced reporting.

Task Table

Gantt Chart

Crosstab Table

Date Bar

Date Bar

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Resources

EPS contains a number of tools for resource management and levelling. When a resource isdefined, it is necessary to apply a default production rate. This can be a single default valueor it can refer to a lookup table, allowing the resource different rates based on thecharacteristics of the activity.

It is also possible to apply availabilities to a resource and costs to track economic information.

Project Settings

Each schedule or project can contain large amounts of data. Effective formatting, lookuptables and targets are necessary with complex projects to allow you to effectively schedule.These are defined in the Project Settings as shown below.

Calendars allow you to have specific working periods for different activities and resources to

reflect the reality of the project. Filters assist managing the large quantities of data inherentin a complex schedule. The creation of new Production Fields allows you to generate datafrom existing data using equations (eg weighted grade of a block) and filters.

As well as production fields, you can create Text Fields and Code Fields to define lists ofpossible code categories for the project. Summary Fields can also be created to assist inreporting from the Crosstab.

Targets can be set to anticipated values for defined fields to assist in tracking (notoptimization). Targetscan be projected over time and can be allocated high and low values iffluctuations are expected. Targets are defined to alter the colour of the relevant fields beingreported in the Crosstab to indicate whether above or below the target range. Any field can

be used to set a target.

Production Lookup Tables can be defined to apply changes in resource rates depending ontime or values of any fields.

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Exercise 1 Viewing your data

1. Upon opening, select the Binocular button in the top right hand corner to zoominto the Project Data:

2. By default the project start date will be set to todays date. To alter to the projectstart date, go to Project | Settings |Target Start and enter 1 July 2008.

Exercise 2 Summarising the Project Data

Due to the nature of the segments created in Mine2-4D, you will notice that there are a large

number of line items (tasks) created in EPS. Each task has a unique ID (SEGMENT) whichallows information to be carried from Mine2-4D to EPS and vice versa.

There are distinct advantages associated with this task splitting, such as the ability to moreaccurately schedule dependant activities and an increase in the level of detail able to bereported, such as development drive grade variation along strike. It can also be useful toview these tasks as summary project data, or rollup bars. To do this, it is necessary to firstGROUP the activities.

1. Go to Project | Group | Task and select the New Grouping icon ( )

2. Select Description from the drop down menu:

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Note A naming convention is a very useful way of being able to group yourdata.

3. Select the [Rollup Description] item from the Grouping drop-down list.

4. Highlight all of the data in the Task Table by clicking in the grey header area of thefield.

5. Next select the Roll Up Button

6. To view Summary Bars for the entire Task Table, highlight the Description field and

click the Hide Subtasks button.

This is especially useful for the printing of project data - it can greatly reduce the amount ofvisible information while still providing an overall duration for the completion of tasks.

Exercise 3 - Setting up the Crosstab

1. Right click in the Crosstab area of EPS to see the following options:

2. Select the Chart Options menu. Next select the Blank Page icon to create a newCrosstab. Assign this crosstab the name Summary.

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3. Select the following fields from the drop-down menu:

4. Scroll across, and apply the Crosstab to all Filtered Tasks. You may also want to adjustthe decimal spacing reported in the Crosstab.

5. To view the same Crosstab data, but in histogram format, right click in the Crosstabarea and select Chart Options | General and toggle on Histogram of totalled fields.

Exercise 4 Creating Filters and Sorting

Filters and sorting in EPS can be accessed from the Project menu, or from the following areaon the toolbar:

.

1. Go to Project | Filter | Tasks and select the blank file icon

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2. Assign the filter the name Ramp, and assign the expression

Description = Ramp.

Toggle ON the Show related Summary Tasks option.

3. Create additional filters for the Orepass, Orebody_XCut, Vent_XCutand Orepass_XCutdevelopment. Remember to toggle on the Show Related Summary Tasks option foreach filter.

Exercise 5 Levelling Resources

To level resources, it is necessary to first enter/create your resources.

1. To do this, simply type the resource name in o the CrossTab. Double click on the itemto open up the Resource Information form.

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2. Enter in 6/d as the Default Production Rate. (The units are automatically taken fromthe activity to which the resource is applied).

3. To assign the resource to a task, first select the task/s in the task table. Select Edit |Assign Resource or to assign the resource, and Tools | ResourceLevelling | Level Now to level the tasks according to the resource.

4. Finally, select File | Save to save the EPS project to the working directory. (This fileis copied back into the C:\Database\Training\Future_Infrastructure folder whenthe Mine2-4D project is checked back in).

5. Select File | Save As to save the file as Template.ext to theC:\Database\Training\M24D\Underground\CommonData folder. Thistemplate will be used for data exporting in later exercises.

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11 REPORTING


To become familiar with the Reporting options available in Mine2-4D.

The Reporting tab is used to generate reports about the current mine design. There are threemain areas of the form, Evaluation, Properties and Schedule:

Evaluation

The first area, Evaluation, is used to create reports on either the actual design or on theproject. Reports on the actual design can be conducted by clicking on the Design Stats

button, or alternatively on the project by clicking the Project Reporting button.

Properties

The second area, Properties, allows specific colours to be applied to parts of the design.Under Legend Definitions, the user is able to setup legends for colouring the evaluatedobjects. The Colour Objects button is used to apply the defined legends to actual objects inthe schedule.

Schedule

The final part of the form, Schedule, allows specific colours to be applied to different parts of

the design schedule and for the final schedule to be viewed in 3D as an animation. The

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colours for the schedule are defined by pressing the button Schedule ColouringDefinitions, while the animation can be viewed by pressing the 3D Animation button.

Exercise 1 Set Schedule Colouring Definitions

Under the Schedule Sub-Heading, select the Schedule Colouring button to display thefollowing:

1. Select the Get Schedule Stats button in order to read the schedule file and fill in theSchedule Statistics. This provides feedback on the start and end dates of the scheduleand the length of the schedule.

2. To create a new colouring definition, click New and assign a name for the definition.In this instance we will be creating a monthly schedule legend, so name the colourdefinition MONTH.

3. Right clicking on the grid (grey area), to Add a single record to the definition. (If youmake a mistake, the option Delete Current will delete the selected record).

4. Next use the Generate Recurrences button to automatically create recurringintervals. For this exercise, generate monthly intervals until the schedule end.

Step 2: re-colour objects according toschedule.

Ste 3: create animation.

Ste 1: define schedule colourin

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5. You can edit the resulting colours by clicking on each colour and selecting analternative from the drop-down menu. The colours correspond with the standardMine2-4D Design Window colours.

6. Once you are happy with the schedule legend, colour your solids using the followingbutton:

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7. This step will create the wireframe files schedwall_all_0tr/pt.dm. (You have theprovision to rename these files by typing over the default in the Save As dialog).

8. In addition, if you select the Break FXS to Schedule this option will re-generate thewall outlines according to your schedule. This option is invaluable when generating

Budget, LoM, Monthly rolling plans etc.

9. You can create a psuedo wall-string or wireframe animation from within this dialog ifrequired. For this exercise, select Exit and we will use the 3D Animation dialog aspart of the next exercise.

Exercise 2 - Create 3D Animations

The 3D Animation tool allows users to animate solids that have been created and scheduledin Mine2-4D. Animations can be created using the colours of the existing solids, oralternatively, the user can choose to apply Schedule Colouring Definitions to the solids

before creating the animation.

There are two tabs in the top section of the Create 3D Animation Dialog: Create fromSchedule &Create from Solid

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Create from Schedule

1. Select the Animation button from the Reporting Tab, and choose the Create fromScheduleoption.

2. Select the recently created MONTHSchedule Definition from the drop down menu.

3. Check on theApply schedule coloursto colour the solids according to the date theyare scheduled to occur using the legend created by the chosen Schedule Definition.

4. It is important to realize that when an animation is created from a schedule, a solids(wireframe) file called sched_wre_all_*tr is also created. This file contains all thesolids to be animated and the animation sequence. It is therefore possible to run ananimation from this solids file by specifying it as the Solid Triangles file under theCreate from SolidTab.

Select schedule definition todetermine animation speed

Choose from schedule colours (as perStep 1) or user colours. User colourswill animate the wireframes accordingto the selected schedule date legend,but the wireframe colours will betaken from the original design or auser defined legend).

Format date stam annotation

Add objects to animation (such assurvey as-builts)

Handy tool for open-pit animation.

Select OK to continue.

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5. To view the animation, right click in the Visualizer Window and select the StartAnimation option.

6. To save a copy of your animation, right click in the Design Window and choosePublish Animated Visualizer View. This will save your animation as a .gvp file butwithout any annotation text. Alternatively, if you choose the Visualisation|PublishAnimated Visualizer View option from the Visualisation Menu, your animation willbe saved WITHtext annotation.

Exercise 3 Check in / Check Out

After you have created the animation, select File | Exit to close Mine2-4D and return to theDesign Manager.

You will notice that the newly created project is still checked-out on your system. Youshould check the project back in by right-clicking on the project then selecting Check In fromthe menu.Then enter an appropriate (polite!) comment. (Because this is a new project, it isnot correct to use Undo Check Out).

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12 PRESENT PLOTTING MANUALLY


Earthworks Present is a tool for plotting geological and mining data. This tutorial brieflyintroduces some of the main features of Earthworks Present, and looks at how Present linksto the Mine2-4D data tables to create a dynamically linked plot.

What is Earthworks Present?

Earthworks Present gives you access to a number of powerful plotting features, including:

o Import drillhole data files of various types, and from various different sources,including text files, SQL/ODBC database tables, spreadsheets, other third partyformats and Datamine files.

o Graphically interrogate the drillhole data in section or 3D views. All views aredynamically linked so that samples selected in any one view are selected in all linkedviews.

o Insert plot items like text boxes, coordinate grids, scale bars, tables and title blockswhich automatically adjust as you change the position, orientation and scale of plotsheets.

o Import and format other 3D objects from CAD drawings and other 3D data sourcesusing the Earthworks Data Source Drivers.

o Select different paper sheet sizes, orientations, margins and scales for each view

type, all within the same document.

o Use Page Layout mode to display and interactively edit page borders, sheetmargins, plot frames, coordinate grids, plot items and parameter profiles.

Flexible data model

A single Present document contains all section, plan, and 3D plots for each project simplifyingthe task of project document management. The document records the links to all theimported data tables, parametre surface models and 3D objects without actually copying theoriginal data. This means whenever the document is opened or refreshed, any changes madeto the source data are automatically shown in every section and plan plot. The unique datamodel employed by Present offers many important benefits:

o Saves on disk storage because the source data is never duplicated.

o Ensures that Present can be used with any user selected database managementsystem, spreadsheet program or text tables.

o Ensures that all plots accurately reflect the master data files because plots aredynamically linked to the source data files.

o Saves you time in managing project documents and updating project plots whenproject data is added or edited.

Document Wizard

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Probably the simplest and easiest way to start using Earthworks Present is to use theDocument Wizard. The Document Wizard steps you through the initial stages of building anew project including:

o I

mine42d

Documents