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Mineral Exploration – Drilling, Sampling & Data Quality Assurance Manual 1 October 2014

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Page 1: Mineral Exploration QAM

Mineral Exploration – Drilling, Sampling & Data Quality Assurance Manual

1

October 2014

Page 2: Mineral Exploration QAM

Mineral Exploration – Drilling, Sampling & Data Quality Assurance Manual

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This Quality Assurance Manual defines a number of Operating Procedures that provide the minimum technical requirements for work carried out on hard rock tin exploration programmes in Perak State, Malaysia, relating to the:- • drilling of core or non – core drill holes, • surveying of drill hole collar locations and down hole surveys, • sampling of drilling chips and sampling and logging of drill core, • sampling for rock density, • storage and transport for rock density, • sample preparation in the field and in the laboratory, • use of duplicate samples, • validation and storage of assay results and geological data in a computer database, • basic environmental considerations, and • handling of potentially hazardous materials. Responsibility for Amendments and Updates All amendments and updates to this Quality Assurance Manual are to be first approved by the Exploration Manager and made by personnel specifically assigned to amend the Quality Management System. Definitions All definitions of technical terms related to the Operating Procedures in this Quality Assurance Manual conform to the definitions in the “Glossary of Geology”, Bates RL and Jackson JA, US Geological Survey (Copyright American Geological Institute, ISBN 0-913312-15-0), or have been defined specifically by project staff. Distribution The distribution of the final Quality Assurance Manual will be in protected electronic format and will be in available in ‘read-only’ format to all authorised personnel. List of Standardised Codes A list of standardised codes for ‘approved suppliers’ is given, including:

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Drilling companies, Analytical laboratories, Survey contractors, Geophysical contractors, Colour codes, Proportions of ‘sample recovered’, Rock codes, Key minerals, Sample moisture classes, and Sample hardness classes. These standardised codes contain the minimum number of entries required. They should be used during the completion of the Drill Hole Geology Log to ensure that geology is mapped and logged in a standard and unambiguous system that simplifies the database. Compulsory Information The portions of the Drill Hole Geology Log that need always to be completed are marked with an asterisk at the top of the relevant entry box. Information like azimuth type, major or minor shade colour or key minerals could perhaps be considered as not compulsory. The Use of Flowcharts The implementation of a quality management system requires that everyone in the organisation is aware of the quality objectives and the procedures in operation for the achievement of the quality objectives. However, while it may be expected of professional personnel that they make use of detailed written and formal procedures as reference material, they cannot be expected to use these continuously or on a daily basis. Both Standards Australia and the Standards Association of New Zealand recommend the use of flow charts as a means of presenting quality control information in a more readable and psychologically easy-to-absorb format. Flow charts have been created to provide an overview of each existing procedure. LIST OF OPERATING PROCEDURES These constitute Operating Procedures that are regularly reviewed and amended or extended where necessary. They should be seen as the ‘accepted’ Operating Procedures that conform to quality policy and explain ‘how things are done using best practice’. The flow charts exist in addition to the written procedures and, although they contain less detail, are the easiest to use in the day-to-day work environment.

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Procedure Title Page Procedure 1 Initiating A Drilling Programme (Core or Non-Core) 5 Procedure 2 Additional Requirements When Initiating An RC Drilling Programme 8 Procedure 3 Additional Requirements When Initiating A Diamond Drilling Programme 11 Procedure 4 Executing An RC Drilling Programme 13 Procedure 5 Completing An RC Drill Hole 16 Procedure 6 Field Sample Preparation Protocol For Use During RC Drilling 19 Procedure 7 Executing A Diamond Drilling Programme 23 Procedure 8 Completing A Diamond Drill Hole 26 Procedure 9 Logging Of Diamond Drill Core Samples 28 Procedure 10 Field Sample Preparation Protocol For Use During Diamond Drilling 31 Procedure 11 Sample Storage, Dispatch and Transport 34 Procedure 12 The Use of Duplicate Samples In Intra-Lab And Inter-Lab Check 37 Sampling Procedure 13 Laboratory Sample Preparation Protocol 40 Procedure 14 Surveying Of Drill Hole Locations 44 Procedure 15 Sampling For Rock Density 46 Procedure 16 Photographing Diamond Drill Core 49 Procedure 17 Data Handling, Reporting And Validation 52 Procedure18 Environmental Considerations 55 Procedure 19 Sampling, Processing, Dispatch And Storage Of Samples 58 Containing Potentially Hazardous Materials Procedure 20 Standard Backups Of The Computerised Drill Hole Database 61

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PROCEDURE 1 INITIATING A DRILLING PROGRAMME (CORE OR NON-CORE) RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the initiation of a drilling Programme at an identified hard-rock tin deposit. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist SIGN OFF Exploration Manager Before a drilling programme is started, it is necessary to think through the complete sequence of events that has to be carried out. If problem areas are recognised, the need for expensive corrections at a later stage is avoided. Prior to the start of any type of drilling programme, the responsible person for the project, or a portion of the project, shall define with the Exploration Manager, or the Project Manager:

• terms and requirements for the drilling programme which shall be incorporated into a tender invitation

to at least three approved contractors.

• selection of a drilling contractor from the list of approved contractors, and agreement of commercial

and operating terms of a drilling contract with the selected contractor.

• the standardised numbering code to be used for drill hole identification, consisting of a unique two-

letter code identifying the project area, a unique two-letter code identifying the type of drilling, and a four digit hole number starting with 0001.

• a list of standardised names or numbering codes to be used for areas and sub-areas , related to the

lease numbers as per the Department of Mines tenement plans.

• a list of standardised names or numbering codes to be used for contract drilling companies, survey

contractors, geophysical contractors, etc.

• the standardised drill hole diameters, clearly stating whether these are in millimetres or inches, and

providing a written account of the size of the drill hole diameters to the contract drilling crew(s).

• the grid that is to be used for all drill hole collar coordinates, indicating which of the coordinates axes is

designated as the X and the Y axis.

• a list of standardised geological and lithological logging codes to be used on the standard forms printed

for the Drill Hole Geology Log,

• a list of standardised codes to be used for qualitatively estimating the key minerals or rock types

observed in the total volume of the drilling interval (for example, a legend is printed on the form, explaining class intervals, eg. 25% SM = SM).

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• a list of standardised codes to be used for describing the major observations that are to be noted as

part of the EOH comment on the Drill Hole Geology Log, and shall:

• verify all codes that have been decided upon, with the database administrator to ensure that they do

not clash with already existing drill hole identification numbers.

• verify whether the drill holes are to be drilled vertically, at a standard dip and azimuth or, depending on

local geology, and in the latter case, compile a comprehensive list of hole identification numbers, coordinates and designed dip and azimuth directions (defined as magnetic or grid) which are handed to the geologists assigned to the programme and the drilling crew before the start of the drilling programme.

• verbally explain the standardised logging codes and the procedures for recording drill hole information

to the geologists assigned to the programme.

• ensure that all the procedures or relevant proportions of the procedures for recording drill hole

information is explained verbally to the drilling crews on the project site and that a written record of these procedures is issued to the drilling crews at the time the drilling contract is awarded.

• ensure that minimum sample quality standards are defined, according to the procedure as described in

Procedure 12 ‘The use of duplicate samples in intra-lab and inter-lab check sampling’, and explained to the geologists assigned to the programme.

• ensure that all necessary supplies for the drilling, sampling and logging at the drilling site have been

purchased or ordered timely in advance and are available to the geologists assigned to the programme.

• ensure that geologists who are new to the project receive a verbal explanation of the relevant details of

all standardised geological and lithological logging codes and procedures for recording drill hole information and are requested to sign off the corresponding portion of the Field Camp Induction Register, and

• in case of drilling in an exploration area, and that the pastoral owner of the area has been notified in

advance of the location and timing of the drilling programme and has been provided with a map clearly indicating the drilling locations and the size of the affected area as per requirements of the Department of Mines.

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PROCEDURE 1: INITIATING A DRILL PROGRAMME

Issue Tender Invitations & Select Drilling

Contractor

Agreement of Drilling Contract

OBTAIN CODES

Drill Hole Numbering

Lithological Drilling Company

Geological Other Contractors

Area & Sub-Area

VERIFY

Inform Pastoral Owner

Logging Procedure With Geologist

Field Camp Inductions

Logging Procedure With Drill Crew

Codes & Numbering

Grid Coordinates To Be Used

Hole Dips & Azimuths

Sample Quality Standards- (P12)

All Supplies At Drill Site

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PROCEDURE 2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS WHEN INITIATING AN RC DRILLING PROGRAMME RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish & maintain a standardised system for starting an RC drilling Programme. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

A requirement specific to the use of dual-pipe reverse circulation drilling with a down-the-hole face hammer bit (RC drilling) is that drill hole samples are generated simultaneously and specific measurements may need to be taken at the moment when the material from the drill hole intersection is recovered from the hole. Prior to the start of an RC drilling program, the responsible person for the project, or a portion of the project, shall define with the Exploration Manager, or Project Manager:

• a list of standardised codes to be used for qualitatively estimating the sample recovered from the total

volume of the drilling interval.

• a list of standardised names or numbering codes for colours that may be used to describe the

recovered sample material from a drilling interval.

• a list of standardised codes to be used for quantitatively estimating the sample moisture.

• a list of standardised codes to be used for quantitatively estimating the sample hardness.

and shall ensure that:

• minimum sample quality standards are defined and explained to any geologist and sampler assigned to

the sampling programme, and that a written record of these procedures is issued to the geologist and that this is noted on the Field Camp Induction Register.

• all the procedures or relevant portions of the standardised sampling procedures explained verbally to

the drilling and sampling crews on the project site, that a written record of these procedures is issued to the drilling crews and that this is noted in the Field Camp Induction Register.

• the standardised codes for drill hole identification number, geological and lithological logging, colours

describing recovered material, qualitative estimates for sample recovery, moisture, hardness and the standardised codes for EOH comments are used on all the standard forms printed for the Sample Register and the Drill Hole Geology Log.

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• a series of printed unique sample numbers occurs on the Sample Register forms and that the calico

sample bags are pre-printed with the same series of unique sample numbers, verifying that no numbers are missing on the printed calico bags.

• the calico bags are placed in order by the sampler before drilling of a hole has started.

• sufficient sieves and buckets, and an adequate water supply, are available to sieve drilling chips and

permit geological logging as detailed in the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• a sufficient number of plastic chip tray sample holders covering 20m intervals are available so that

logging of chips and subsequent checking, referencing and re-logging can be carried out if required, and,

• as a minimum, the end-of-hole sample is preserved in a plastic chip tray (other samples may be

preserved at the discretion of the geologist).

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PROCEDURE 2: ADDITIOINAL REQUIREMENTS WHEN INITIATING AN RC DRILLING PROGRAMME

Plastic Chip Trays Sieves & Buckets Calico Bags Plastic Bags Water

OBTAIN CODES

Sample recovery

Sample Hardness Additional Colours

Sample Moisture

ENSURE

EOH Sample in Chip Tray

Correct Numbers on Bags & Register

Inform Pastoral Owner

Logging Procedure With Geologist

Correct Codes & Numbering

Unique Drill Hole Numbers

All Supplies At Drill Site

PROCEDURE 1

PLUS...

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PROCEDURE 3 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS WHEN INITIATING A DIAMOND DRILLING PROGRAMME RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for starting a diamond drilling programme. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

Several requirements are specific to the use of diamond drilling, particularly the fact that core recovery has to be monitored carefully, the orientation of the core may have to be measured and the core has to be stored securely before being transported to a base camp and sampled. Prior to the start of diamond drilling, or any other core drilling programme, the responsible person for the project, or a portion of the project shall:

• define with the Exploration Manager the selection of a drilling contractor from the list of approved

contractors, and agree commercial and operating terms of drilling contract with the selected contractor.

• define with the Exploration Manager the standardised geological and lithological logging codes to be

used for the project. These codes shall be used on the standard forms printed for the Drill Hole Geology Log,

• ensure that a sufficient number of empty core trays of relevant length, a Soil Colour Chart (for example,

as defined by the standard GSA Soil Colour Chart), geologists hammer, geologists hand lens, pocket tape measure, core blocks (painted wooden core markers or plastic markers), paint marking pens, Drill Hole Geology Log forms and material for capping of the completed diamond drill holes are available on site, and

• ensure that a suitable SLR camera, tripod and lighting (if required) is available at the base camp for

photographing of core.

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PROCEDURE 3: ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS WHEN INITIATING A DIAMOND DRILLING PROGRAMME

Additional Lithological Code

ENSURE

Logging Materials Available

Core Trays Available

Paint Marking Pens Available

Core Blocks Available

Monitoring of Core Recovery

Measurement of Core Orientation

Secure Storage of Core

SLR Camera Available

Hole Capping

Material Available

Additional Geological Code

PROCEDURE 1

PLUS...

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PROCEDURE 4 EXECUTING AN RC DRILLING PROGRAMME RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for starting an RC drilling programme. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

RC drilling usually creates a drill hole with a diameter of approximately 12.5cm to 13.5cm and drill hole samples with large amounts of material may be produced. The drilling may also produce a large amount of dust or may intersect the water table, which has immediate consequences for the sampling. Care must be taken that the sample sequence does not get mixed up as samples are taken at the same time as the drilling proceeds. During the execution of a dual-pipe reverse circulation drilling with a down-the-hole face hammer bit (RC drilling) and other non-coring drilling programs, the responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling operations should:

• remain at the drill site throughout the completion of the drilling program to observe and record drilling

progress, supervise continuous chip sampling and liaise with the drilling crew.

• continuously monitor the RC sampling of the selected interval, in meters, of the RC composites using

the cyclone unit (for example a rig-mounted cyclone unit) to ensure that sample contamination due to clogging up of the unit does not occur. and shall ensure that:

• the drilling rods, down-the-hole hammer bit and the sampling system are effectively cleaned by regular

air flushing, as required, as the drilling proceeds.

• no excessive amounts of drilling dust or fines are lost from the recovered sample airstream during

drilling.

• when drilling under or wet conditions, the sample cyclone unit is regularly cleaned of material that is

clogged up inside the cyclone.

• the drilling crew makes a note of the intersection of cavities, and of all information regarding hole

casing and consumables, on the Driller’s log.

• a sufficient amount of essential materials for the collection logging and labelling of the RC chip samples

and the capping of the completed RC drill holes, including sufficient forms of the Sample Register and Drill

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Hole Geology Log, are available at the drilling site at any time during the drilling programme to complete the targets set for the day.

• the drill hole number, project name, drilling contractor name are clearly legible on the Sample Register.

• the drill hole number, project name, deposit name, lease name, collar coordinates, grid name and

units, hole dip and azimuth, drilling contractor details, drilling date, name of geologist (initials and full surname) name of the sampler (initials and full surname) and the type of drilling technique are clearly legible on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the drill hole number marked on the Sample Register is the same as the drill hole number on the Drill

Hole Geology Log.

• the depth intervals, using a ‘depth from’ and ‘depth to’ in meters with an accuracy of >0.1m, are clearly

marked on the Sample Register and the Drill Hole Geology Log, taking care that at least the first depth interval and the last depth interval are clearly marked so that the intermediate intervals and the relative positions of the intervals that were sampled in duplicate, can be back-calculated.

• additional pages of the Drill Hole Geology Log are clearly numbered and have the drill hole number

clearly marked,

• the depth to the water table, if reached, is noted on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the unique sample numbers corresponding to each drill hole intersection are repeated on the Drill

Hole geology Log, enabling a visual crosscheck with the Sample Register.

• sampling is carried out according to the standard procedures defined by Procedure 6, ‘Field sample

preparation procedure for use during RC drilling’.

• the drill hole number and depth interval markings are continually validated and the sample number

allocated to each drilling interval for the plastic bag and the calico sample bags remain correct as indicated in the Sample Register and correspond with the number written on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the standardized codes for estimating the sample recovered from the total volume of the drilling

interval are regularly indicated on the Drill Hole Geology Log, taking care that this estimate is carried out on a dry hard sample with minimal loss due to drilling under wet conditions or under conditions that produce a large amount of dust, and

• if significant quantities of fibrous minerals or any other potentially hazardous materials are intersected,

the hole will be immediately stopped, hole collar capped, and sample material treated with appropriate cautionary safeguards (see also Procedures 11 & 19).

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PROCEDURE 4: EXECUTING A RC DIAMOND DRILLING PROGRAMME

ENSURE

Hazardous Minerals Recorded (P11 & 19)

Cavities Recorded Water Table Intersection Logged

Used Consumables Recorded on Drillers Log

Sampling System Remains Clean

Dust/Fines Minimised

Cyclone Regularly Cleaned

Sample Numbers Continually Validated

Sample Numbers on Register & Log

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Supervise Drill Site

Monitor Sampling Procedure

Drill Hole & Details Recorded

Logging/Sampling Consumables Supplied

Sample Depth Intervals Marked

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PROCEDURE 5 COMPLETING A RC DRILL HOLE RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for accurate collection and logging of RC drill hole samples. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

After the completion of an RC drill hole, and a drill hole from other non-coring drilling programmes, the responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling operations shall ensure that:

• all plastic bags are stored in a continuous series next to the drill hole cutting pile in such a manner that

the total length of the hole can be seen from the sample rows and checked with the EOH marking written on the Sample Register and the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the last sample number marked on the Sample Register is the last sample put in the plastic bags.

• all duplicate samples have been marked properly on the Sample Register and their markings

correspond exactly with the samples marked on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• an EOH comment and a visual estimation of the location of the mineralised intervals is written on the

Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the time taken to drill the hole is noted on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• any type of down hole geophysical logging completed in the hole is marked on the Drill Hole Geology

Log if this has taken place shortly after drilling and, if there has been a considerable time lapse and the Drill Hole Geology Log has been computer-processed into a Drilling Log on the computer database, it is added to the database as part of the Drilling Log.

• the completed drill hole is plugged at the collar with a concrete plug as approved by the Department of

Mines, and the area around the drill hole is backfilled with any residual material from the area around the cyclone or splitter and compacted into a mound to avoid infiltration of surface water into the drill hole.

• a Pin Flag, clearly marked with a drill hole number, nominal drill hole coordinates and the final depth

drilled, is firmly anchored in a visible position next to the drill hole location, and the drill hole number on the Pin Flag is verified against the Sample Register and the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• transport of the calico sample bags to the field camp is carried out immediately after RC drilling has

been completed or at the end of each day (note that further sample transport is carried out according to Procedure 11 ‘Sample storage, dispatch and transport’).

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• an Analytical Submission Sheet, as provided by the laboratory of choice¹, is completed, taking care that

the sample type, preparation requirements, analyses required, a description of special instructions, sample disposal instructions and the name of the person to whom the analytical results have to be forwarded, are clearly indicated on the sheet.

• the calico sample bags are dispatched to the laboratory for chemical analysis in the correct order, and

as soon as possible after the completion of the drilling program, but preferably regular intervals, by the correct means of transport, according to what is described in procedure 11 ‘Sample storage, transport and dispatch’.

• a copy of the Analytical Submission Sheet is dispatched together with the samples to the laboratory,

the original is sent by mail to Head Office and a copy is stored in the field base camp. ¹ The laboratory should be fully ISO-accredited and part of a reputable company such as ALS Chemex. ALS operate a laboratory at Selangor in Malaysia. ALS Technichem (M) Sdn Bhd (Headquarters) 9 Jln Astaka U8/84, Seksyen U8, Bukit Jelutong 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor D. E., MALAYSIA Phone: +60-3-7845 8257 Fax: +60-3-7845 8258 Email: [email protected]

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PROCEDURE 5: COMPLETING A RC DRILL HOLE

COMPLETE GEOLOGICAL LOG

& SAMPLE REGISTER

Mark Duplicate Samples

Record Mineralised Intervals

Comment on End of Hole

Log Geophysical Features

ENSURE

Analytical Submission Sheet Completed

Area Around Drill Hole Backfilled

Calico Sample Bags to Laboratory

Drill Hole Pinflagged

Plastic Sample Bags Stored in Series

Drill Hole Plugging Completed Samples Dispatched

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Calico Sample Bags to Field Camp

Record Drill Time

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PROCEDURE 6 FIELD SAMPLE PREPARATION PROTOCOL FOR USE DURING RC DRILLING RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for uncontaminated and representative sampling of RC drill hole samples. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

Usually the sampling of an RC drill hole is mainly aimed at providing material for a laboratory assay. A field sample preparation protocol must be designed in such a way that the sampling accuracy is continuously monitored so that any sampling error can be minimised. During the course of the RC sampling program, the responsible person for the project, or a portion of the project, shall ensure that:

• all splitting, bagging and labelling of RC drill hole samples is done by company personnel and according

to the standardised sampling procedures.

• all sample bags are pre-numbered before the daily drilling program is started.

• the standard drilling interval, defined before the drilling program has started, is used as the drilling

interval for all holes, however the geologist may allow this to be changed at any time, if this is required.

• sufficient supplies of materials for all sampling operations are available on site, including plastic sample

bags of a sufficient size for holding20kg to 25kg of material.

• the execution of the sampling procedures is monitored continuously, and that it is regularly checked

that the automatic cyclone units and other sampling equipment are not clogged or obstructed in any way.

• the sampling quality is monitored continuously by taking field duplicates under identical conditions and

at the same time as the original samples.

• the sampling quality is monitored continuously by inserting field duplicates as part of the routine

sample flow.

• the drill hole number is clearly marked on the Sample Register.

• sample depths recorded are relative to the ground surface at the drill hole collar.

• each sample interval is clearly marked next to a unique sample number as it appears on the Sample

Register.

• intervals interpreted as cavities are clearly marked with the capitals “NR” (no recovery) on the Drill

Hole Geology Log and the word ‘cavity’ is inserted in the space reserved for comments.

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• no sample numbers are allocated to any full interval that is marked as a cavity, instead it must be

verified that the next sample interval is allocated the next unique sequential sample number on the Sample Register, and that this number corresponds with the sample number marked next to the sample interval on the Drill Hole Geology Log (this ensures that a continuous numbered sample sequence is maintained for samples submitted to the laboratory).

• the sample number on the sample bags is identical to the corresponding sample number in the Sample

Register, and is also identical to the corresponding sample number on the Drill Hole Geology Log, during dry drilling conditions:

• the total sample from the drilling interval as recovered from the cyclone unit (approximately 20kg to

25kg for a one-metre interval) is split, using the three-tier splitter, into an approximately 2kg assay sub-sample, taking care that the sample is evenly distributed over the top portion of the splitter and the full width of the splitter is being used and no chutes are clogged up or blocked.

• the assay sub-sample is stored in a small calico sample bag and the remainder of the total cyclone

sample is stored in the plastic bag.

• a field duplicate sample is taken by splitting the total remainder over the two-tier splitter, taking care

that the sample is evenly distributed over the top portion of the splitter and the full width of the splitter is being used and no chutes are clogged up or blocked.

• the splitter is cleaned by drilling offsiders (crew not directly conducting the drilling operation) regularly

between sample intervals by air blasts or by ‘hammering’ on the side of the three-tier splitter. during very moist or wet drilling conditions:

• the cyclone unit is regularly cleaned by the drilling offsiders by hand, if required, and the three-tier

splitter is regularly cleaned by blasts of compressed air.

• the total wet sample from the cyclone unit is captured in a large plastic bag and grab sampled by hand,

aiming at obtaining approximately two kg of material from different depths in the plastic bags (trying to cover all depths evenly).

• when a duplicate sample is to be taken, a second grab bag sample using the same grab bag sampling

method , is taken by hand.

• intervals that have been grab sampled by hand are clearly marked with a capital “G” on the Sample

Register and on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• after grab sampling the plastic bags are left on site to dry out for subsequent re-crushing and re-

sampling if necessary,

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and that:

• intervals selected for taking field duplicate samples are selected according to the procedure as

described in Procedure 12 ‘The use of duplicate samples in intra-lab and inter-lab check sampling’.

• not more than eight to ten small sample bags are placed inside a plastic bag that is marked with a

listing of the smaller sample bags that are included.

• all plastic sample bags are closed and sealed using a wire tie, and

• the presence of fibrous minerals or any other potentially dangerous material is recorded separately , in

capitals, on the Drill Hole Geology Log, and any samples taken from such intervals will be clearly marked on the Analytical Submission Sheet.

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PROCEDURE 6: FIELD SAMPLING PREPARATION PROTOCOL FOR USE DURING RC DRILLING

DRY WET

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

PREPARATION &

ADMINISTRATION

All Sampling Procedures Followed

Accurate Field Duplicates Taken

Sampling Equipment Clean and Clear

Cavities Marked on Log

Sampling Equipment Available

Sample Depths Accurately Recorded

Sample Numbers Verified

Drill Hole Number on Sample Register

Sample Bags Prenumbered

NOTE: Dangerous Materials to be Recorded Separately in Capitals on Drill Hole Geology Log and Analytical Submission Sheet

Bags Sealed Using Wire Tie

8-10 Samples Per Plastic Bag

Rest of Sample Left to Dry

2kg Grab Sample Marked “G”

2kg sub-sample calico bag

Rest of Sample in Plastic Bag

Total Sample in Plastic Bag

Field Duplicate Taken – P12

20kg – 25kg sample split

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PROCEDURE 7 EXECUTING A DIAMOND DRILL PROGRAMME RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for accurate collection and logging of RC drill hole samples. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager The main aim of diamond drilling is to provide a core sample of the intersected lithology. An accurate measurement is needed of the depth of the intersection, and the spatial orientation of the core may also have to be determined. During the execution of a diamond drilling programme, or other core drilling programmes, and in the case of an extension of pre-collared drill holes, the responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling operations shall ensure that:

• regular visits are made to the drill site during the process of the drilling program to observe and record

drilling progress, core recovery, storage of core into the core trays by contract drilling personnel and liaise with the drilling crew.

• each core tray is labelled with the drill hole number, the depth intervals, and an arrow indicating the

down hole direction, starting at the lower left hand corner of the tray.

• core samples are retrieved from the core barrel by the drilling crew in such a manner that the core is

pushed out of the core barrel with the minimum amount of air pressure, in a smooth and gradual manner so that during this process no core is unnecessarily damaged or broken.

• core samples retrieved from the barrel are immediately transferred to the core trays in such a manner

that the integrity of the core sequence is maintained, and so that no core is lost, damaged or broken.

• driller induced core breaks are marked with an “X” on either side.

• the contract drilling crew records all cavities in excess of 0.05m and the depth of the cavity is clearly

marked on the Driller’s Log and on a core block stored in the core tray.

• discrepancies with regard to cavities are resolved with the contract drilling crew as soon as possible.

• core samples stored in the core trays in the vicinity of the drill hole, shall be left undisturbed during

completion of the drilling programme until such time as transport to the field camp is arranged.

• the drill hole number, project name, deposit name, drilling contractor name, grid name and units, collar

coordinates, dip and azimuth of the hole and depth of pre-collar are clearly legible on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

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• the drilling date, name of the driller (with initials), the drilling rig type and drilling equipment (for

example HQ triple tube) with the drill core diameter stated in millimetres is clearly recorded on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the depth of the water table, if reached, is clearly recorded in metres on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• transport of diamond drill core to the field base camp is carried out as soon as logistically possible after

core has been stored into full core trays by the contract drilling crew (note that further transport is carried out according to Procedure 11, ‘Sample storage, dispatch and transport’).

• logging of the core samples takes place either at the drill hole site or at the field base camp.

• if the logging takes place at the drill hole site, that sufficient water is available for logging purposes and

the name of the geologist logging the hole is clearly recorded on the Drill Hole Geology Log. at the end of the day of the drilling programme,

• the core recovery and the RQD (if required) is measured and discussed with the drilling crew.

• the core trays are covered if they are at the drilling site overnight.

• the ‘hours worked’ and ‘hours drilled’ for that day are copied from the Driller’s Log and clearly marked

on the Drill Hole Geology Log,

• the total drilling interval completed, in metres, is copied from the Driller’s Log and clearly marked on

the Drill Hole Geology Log,

• the completed pages of the Drill Hole Geology Log are collected at the field base camp,

• the driller’s report for the day is presented to the geologist for authorisation, and,

at the end of each week during the core drilling programme,

• the collected pages of the Sample Register and the Drill Hole Geology Log are copied, the copies are

kept at the field base camp and the originals are sent to Head Office.

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PROCEDURE 7: EXECUTING A DIAMOND DRILLING PROGRAMME

WEEKLY

Original Copy

ENSURE

Core Trays Labelled Logging of Core

ASAP Regular Visits to Drill

Site

Core to Field Camp ASAP

AT THE END

OF EACH DAY...

Complete Geological Log Pages

Core Trays Covered

Core Recovery & RQD Measured

Hours Worked & Drilled Confirmed

Water Table Depth Noted

Geologist to Authorise Driller Daily Reports

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Driller Induced Core Breaks Marked ‘X’

Satisfactory Handling of Core

Sample Register & Geological Log Copied

Head Office Field Camp

Geology Log Details Completed

Cavities >0.05m on Log

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PROCEDURE 8 COMPLETING A DIAMOND DRILL HOLE RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the completion of a diamond drill hole. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

After the completion of a diamond drill hole, and a drill hole from other core drilling programmes, the responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling operations shall ensure that:

• the start and completion date of the hole is clearly legible on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the final drill hole depth, if necessary also the final depth of the diamond drill hole corrected by

subtracting the pre-collar depth, is clearly recorded in metres on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• an EOH comment and, if relevant, a visual estimation of the location of the mineralised intervals, is

clearly legible on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• any type of downhole geophysical logging completed in the hole is marked on the Drill Hole Geology

Log if this has taken place shortly after drilling and, if there has been a considerable time lapse and the Drill Hole Geology Log has been computer-processed into a Drilling Log and put on the computer database, it is added to the database as part of the Drilling Log.

• the drill hole number and final depth are marked clearly on a Pin Flag which is placed into the soil next

to the collar location.

• the completed drill hole is plugged at the collar with a concrete plug of a type approved by the

Department of Mines.

• the plug is buried under sand or soil, and

• the drilling crew has cleared the site, taking care that the requirements related to drill holes as

described in Procedure 18 ‘Environmental considerations’ have been adhered to.

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PROCEDURE 8: COMPLETING A DIAMOND DRILL HOLE

ENSURE Drill Hole Plugged EOH &

Mineralisation Comment

Site Cleared (P 18)

Geophysical Logging on Geology Log

Drilling Dates on Geology Log

Depth on Geology Log

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Hole Pin Flagged

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PROCEDURE 9 LOGGING OF DIAMOND DRILL CORE SAMPLES RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the accurate logging of diamond drill core. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

Diamond drilling creates core with a pre-selected diameter and is carried out under close supervision of experienced drillers who know how to optimise core recovery. Good communication between the driller and geologist who examines and samples the core is essential. The geologist logging the core must investigate all broken pieces of core, describe why the core was not in one piece and note the missing portions of the core and the reasons why this has occurred. If drill core has not been logged on site, the logging, preparation and dispatch of core samples for analysis, and the dispatch of the original Drill Hole Geology Logs to Head Office shall be carried out as soon as possible after completion of the hole. The responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drill core logging shall ensure that:

• the core is studied in detail, cleaned with water where needed, and ‘matched’ over the full length of

the core trays to ensure that no core has obviously been lost.

• the full length of the core is checked against the total depth on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• cavity intervals noted by the contract drilling crew on Driller’s Log sheets and/or on core blocks in the

core trays are marked clearly on the Drill Hole Geology Log with it’s from depth and to depth, and marked as ‘cavity, nil recovery’,

• no core is destroyed or broken except in cases when it is necessary to break selected portions of the

core to obtain fresh surfaces for logging and mapping; and if core has to be broken to fit into the core trays (care is taken that no pieces of core are lost).

• driller induced core breaks are marked with an “X” on either side.

• core recoveries, if not yet fully measured at the drilling site at the end of the day, are measured in

metres, using a pocket measuring tape and recorded to a precision of 0.01m, and the percentage core recoveries and RQD are calculated and marked clearly on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• the core is washed so that the structures and rock textures are clearly visible.

• orientation lines are drawn (in blue paint marker) on the lower (down hole) side of the core, based on

the orientation marks produced during drilling, with arrows indicating the down hole direction.

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• intersections of relevant lithological units are measured in metres with a measuring tape and recorded

to the nearest core marker with a precision of 0.01m and logged by ‘depth from’ and ‘depth to’ and noted clearly on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• a ‘saw cut line’ is marked on the core (in black paint marker), as determined by the logging geologist,

but generally bisecting any cross-structures in the core. • a concise summary lithological and geological description of each lithological unit is written on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• after the summary descriptions are completed, additional details on geology, lithology stratigraphy,

mineralogy, discontinuity’s, codes for mineralisation, weathering, alteration, hardness, colour, cavities, texture, water table recorded on the Driller’s Log or state of the core, as required for each measured intersection, are logged clearly legible on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• structural and lithological features are marked in red on the core.

• additional pages of the Drill Hole Geology Log are clearly numbered and include the drill hole number.

• the presence of fibrous minerals or any other potentially dangerous material is recorded separately, in

capitals, on the Drill Hole Geology Log, and any samples taken from such intervals will be clearly marked on the Analytical Submission Sheet, and precautions taken as per Procedures 11 and 19, and

• the full core is photograph, prior to sawing and sampling of the core being carried out, as described in

Procedure 17 ‘Photographing diamond drill Core’. After logging of the drill core has been completed, the responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drill core logging shall, as soon as possible, ensure that:

• the pages of the Drill Hole Geology Log for each drill hole are complete and are sorted in order.

• a photocopy of the complete Drill Hole Geology Log of each hole is made, the copy is kept at the field

base camp and the original is mailed to the Head Office, and

• a section profile of the diamond drill hole is completed if required (for example, this is usually not

required for metallurgical or geotechnical drill holes).

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PROCEDURE 9: LOGGING OF DIAMOND DRILL CORE SAMPLES

Colour Texture Lithology Structure Hardness Alteration Weathering Mineralogy Geotechnics Original Copy

CHECK

Length of core

Cavity Intervals

ENSURE

Additional Details Recorded

Induced Breaks Marked

Structures Marked on Core

Orientation Lines Drawn

Core is Washed

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Driller Core Breaks Marked ‘X’

Core is Intact

Geological Log Copied

Head Office Field Camp

Hazardous Materials Marked in Capitals

Core to be Photographed (P 17)

Core Recovery is Measured

Saw Cut Line Marked

Lithology Intersections Marked

Summary Description of Lithologies

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PROCEDURE 10 FIELD SAMPLE PREPARATION PROTOCOL FOR USE DURING DIAMOND DRILLING RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the uncontaminated and representative sampling of diamond drill core samples. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

The drilling of a diamond drill hole provides a core sample of the intersected lithology and the core needs to have been marked up with the orientation and saw cut lines, have structural and lithological features marked, be photographed in full, and fully logged, before sampling may take place. Unless there are special circumstances to do so, a portion of the core (usually half) must always be kept, properly stored in the original tray. The geologist who samples the core must make a note of each occasion when pieces of core are further broken up during sampling. After logging and photographing of the drill core has been completed, the responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drill core logging shall, as soon as possible, ensure that:

• the Drill Hole Geology Log for each drill hole is complete and all its pages are sorted in order.

• the core is sawn in half, or quartered, with a water-lubricated diamond saw over its full length, taking

care that no core is lost and that the water lubrication of the saw blade is continuously operating, especially if fibrous minerals are expected or observed in the core, and no rock dust isgenerated during sawing,

• if the core is too soft to be cut with a diamond saw, the core is carefully cut in half by hand with a

suitable cutting tool, for example a knife or handsaw.

• starting from the top of the hole, the required sampling intervals of the half core (or quarter core)

relevant to a lithological unit but not exceeding a pre-selected sample length, are selected and the start point and end point of each sampling interval is marked with a black felt pen on the other half of the core, or on the core blocks.

• the selected sampling intervals are sawn off, and the piece of core is put in its entirety in a plastic

sample bag, or broken carefully into smaller sections, taking care that no core material is lost during breaking and that all core material is transferred to the plastic sample bag.

• the plastic sample bag is labelled with a unique sample number.

• the unique sample numbers are clearly marked on the Drill Hole Geology Log next to the depth of the

intersection.

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• the Analytical Submission Sheet, as provided by the laboratory of choice, is completed, taking care that

the sample type, preparation requirements, analyses required, sample disposal instructions, a description of special instructions and the name of the person to whom the analytical results have to be forwarded, are clearly indicated on the sheet, and

• a copy of the Analytical Submission Sheet is dispatched together with the samples to the laboratory, a

copy is sent by mail to Head Office and the original is stored in the field base camp. Note: If the core samples are crushed before being bagged and submitted for analysis, or if quarter core is sent in, it is recommended that duplicate samples are inserted as described in Procedure 12 ‘The use of duplicate samples in intra-lab and inter-lab check sampling’.

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PROCEDURE 10: FIELD SAMPLING PREPARATION PROTOCOL FOR USE DURING DURING DIAMOND DRILLING

Original Copy Copy

ENSURE

Geological Log is Complete

Duplicates if Required

Core is Sawn in Half

Submission Sheet Completed

Sample numbers on Geological Log

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Sample Bags Labelled

Sampling Intervals Selected & Marked

Submission Sheet Copied

Head Office Field Camp

Samples Cut & Bagged

With Samples

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PROCEDURE 11 SAMPLE STORAGE, DISPATCH AND TRANSPORT RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system that maintains a high integrity, for the storage, dispatch and transport of drilling samples. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

Improper storage, mix-up of sample numbers or damage of samples during transport result in erroneous data values which may not be recognised during data validation. Standards for storage, dispatch, transport and adequate sample tracking are required. The responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling operations shall ensure that:

• all samples from a drilling program are kept for further reference until such time as the Project

Manager gives written permission for the samples to be discarded.

• RC samples, stored in the plastic bags as recovered from the drill hole intersection, remain stored at

the drilling site, near to the collar location, sorted by drilling depth in such a manner that the drilling succession and the total depth of the hole can be easily seen from the order of the sample bags, until such time as they can be transported by vehicle to a ‘sample farm’.

• at the sample farm, the RC samples will remain stored on the ground, sorted in the same manner by

drilling depth.

• during the transport of RC sample bags, care is taken that the bags remain properly sealed, that no

sample material is damaged or lost, and that contamination of any damaged sample bags does not occur.

• core samples remain stored in the core trays at the drilling site, covered by a lid, and they are

transported, by vehicle, from the drill site to a field camp as soon as possible after completion of the diamond drill hole.

• during transport the core trays remain fitted with the lid to prevent damage or spillage during

transport.

• core samples remain stored in the core trays at the field camp and are stacked in a dry and secure

place, preferably in a covered core shed.

• during transport of crushed or uncrushed drill core samples that are stored in poly-weave sample bags,

the same rules as for the transport and damage of the RC sample bags apply.

• logging, sampling and bagging of core samples is as up to date as possible, to ensure that batches of

samples can be dispatched regularly to the laboratory, with batches preferably consisting of approximately 300 samples (or one day’s drilling).

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• an Analytical Submission Sheet provided by the laboratory is fully completed, a copy is sent in with the

sample batch, a copy is faxed/scanned/emailed to the laboratory and a copy is faxed/scanned/emailed to the personnel specifically assigned to the data validation process at Head Office.

• the analytical Submission Sheet is clearly marked with a telephone number, fax number (or e-mail

address) and name of the geologist who has dispatched the samples and should be contacted in case there are discrepancies or damage to sample bags has occurred, and

• samples containing fibrous minerals or other potentially hazardous materials shall be clearly marked on

sample bags.

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PROCEDURE 11: SAMPLE STORAGE, DISPATCH & TRANSPORT

RC SAMPLES CORE SAMPLES

Original Copy Copy

Trays Kept Dry & Secure

Stored in Order at Collar & Sample Farm

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Transported Carefully

Submission Sheet Completed & Copied

Head Office Field Camp

Stored in Core Tray

With Samples

Logging, Sampling & Bagging Up To Date

NOTE: Dangerous Materials to be Recorded Separately in Capitals on Drill Hole Geology Log and Analytical Submission Sheet

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PROCEDURE 12 THE USE OF DUPLICATE SAMPLES IN INTRA_LAB AND INTER_LAB CHECK SAMPLING RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the monitoring of sampling quality. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

Procedures for monitoring sampling quality and sample representivity are based on the use of duplicate field samples (intra-lab check analysis). This may be extended by monitoring the analytical representivity, by having a portion of the samples also analysed at one or more different laboratories (inter-lab check analysis). The responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling, logging and sampling programme shall ensure that:

• all sample bags are pre-numbered before the daily drilling program is started.

while, in the case of field duplicate samples which are routinely inserted in the sample sequence during RC drilling to assess sampling precision:

• field duplicate samples are inserted at the ratio of one field duplicate sample in each series of 20

samples, avoiding as much as possible that field duplicate samples are taken from the first three metres of each drill hole,

• each field duplicate sample is allocated the next unique sequential sample number following the

sample of which it is a duplicate, on the Sample Register.

• each interval selected as a field duplicate sample is clearly marked with a capital “D” in the appropriate

column on the Sample Register and on the Drill Hole Geology Log. while, in case of laboratory pulp duplicate samples (‘pulp repeats’) which are routinely inserted in the laboratory assay sequence during the original analytical run by the laboratory itself, to monitor possible analytical drift and determine the analytical precision. (or may be re-submitted by the company to the laboratory at a later date, to assess the analytical precision):

• laboratory pulp duplicate samples are generally selected, pseudo-randomly, at the ratio of one

duplicate in each series of 20 samples, unless there is a specific reason for taking more or less pulp duplicates.

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• if laboratory pulp duplicate samples are re-submitted to the laboratory at a later date by the company,

the pulp duplicates are re-packed in sealed new paper or plastic sample packets, are randomised and then assigned a new unique sequential sample number.

• if laboratory pulp duplicate samples are re-submitted to the laboratory at a later date by the company,

at least one of the pulp duplicate samples ( at a rate of one out of 5,000 samples) is subjected to a particle size analysis (screening test) to check laboratory comminution criteria, and in general:

• field duplicate and pulp duplicate samples are bagged and labelled in the same manner as ordinary

samples.

• the results of the field duplicate and laboratory duplicate samples are stored in a separate database, or

are readily available in a separate spreadsheet, and are flagged with the calendar date of the analysis, so that the check can be done for changes over time, and

• for larger projects, a portion of the laboratory pulp duplicates ( for example 2% or more) is analysed at

a different analytical laboratory as an independent check on the overall sampling quality.

• In addition to duplicate samples one blank (such as clean unmineralised granite with no tin content)

sample or one tin standard (purchased from a supplier of internationally-recognised standards) sample should be randomly inserted into a block of 20 samples as a check on analytical precision and cleaning of mills and other equipment at the laboratory. Note: if diamond core samples are used that have not been crushed in the field are submitted for analysis, no duplicate samples are used. If sore samples have been crushed before being bagged and submitted for analysis (or if quarter core is sent in), it is recommended that duplicate samples are inserted as described in procedure 12 ‘The use of duplicate samples in intra-lab and inter-lab check sampling’.

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PROCEDURE 12: THE USE OF DUPLICATE SAMPLES IN INTRA-LAB AND INTER_LAB CHECKING

DRILL DUPLICATE

SAMPLES

All Bags Pre-Numbered

Duplicates Taken Ratio 1:20

Duplicate Intervals Marked ‘D’

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Duplicates Numbered

LAB PULP SAMPLES

ALL DUPLICATE SAMPLES

2% of Samples to Different Laboratory

Results Stored in Separate Database

Bagged & Labelled as Field Samples

Duplicates Taken Ratio 1:20

1:5,000 Samples for Particle Size Analysis If Re-Submitted Then

Re-Numbered

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PROCEDURE 13 LABORATORY SAMPLE PREPARATION PROTOCOL RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the uncontaminated and representative sampling, sub-sampling and routing analysis of Anaconda drill hole samples from laterite nickel deposits at the Laboratory RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

Modern analytical laboratories are well-equipped to ensure that sources of error are adequately monitored. A good laboratory produces the results of its internal control procedures to the client on a regular basis. It is the company’s responsibility to ensure that the laboratory receives sufficient information to be able to carry out an accurate analysis, and that adequate communication has been established with the laboratory. The field sample preparation protocol is designed to monitor sample quality at the project site. The laboratory sample preparation protocol is designed to ensure continued quality control during drying, crushing, pulverising, analysis and reporting at the laboratory. Errors that may occur in the laboratory are mix-up of sample numbers, incorrect drying or storing procedures, contamination during crushing and pulverising, drift of the analytical instruments over a period of time, errors in converting a read-out measurement value to a concentration, or incorrect reading of displays. The responsible person for the dispatch of samples to the analytical laboratory, shall ensure that:

• the Analytical Submission Sheet has been fully completed as described in procedure 11 ‘Sample

storage, transport and dispatch’, and relevant details are provided to enable the laboratory to carry out the required work.

• if possible, a routine set of instructions has been defined in agreement with the laboratory (see above),

or specific instructions are given with regard to:

• sorting samples and priority for analysis.

• sample drying period or minimum drying temperature.

• crushing equipment, duration of crushing and method of sample splitting, for example type and size of

riffle splitter,

• pulverising equipment, duration of pulverising, method of sub-sampling.

• portion of sample that should pass a selected sieve or particle size (given in millimetres or microns),

• discarding or storage of sample rejects.

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• analytical methods.

• reporting by the laboratory of the size of the analytical batch.

• routine laboratory procedure for the insertion of laboratory blanks, standards and pulp duplicate

samples.

• method/description of preferred sample digest.

• minimum weight of sub-sample for analysis.

• requested accuracy of visual read-out of sample weight, in number of digits.

• use of internal sample tracking system, for example using bar code system.

• preferred method of analysis, and

• preferred method of reporting of assay results.

The responsible person for the management of the drilling program shall visit the analytical laboratory at least once, at the start of the drilling programme, and ensure that the routine laboratory sample preparation protocol consists of the following:

• after arrival at the laboratory, the calico sampling bags are sorted in numerical order and processed

sequentially, in laboratory batches that do not exceed 500 samples (including internal laboratory duplicates).

• the samples are checked against the description of the Analytical Submission Sheet and any

discrepancies or missing samples are immediately reported to the person who dispatched the samples, as marked on the Analytical Submission Sheet.

• the calico sampling bags are stacked next to each other, taking care that the bags are not placed upon

each other, in racks in a drying oven for a period of at least 12 hours at a temperature of 100° C to 110°C.

• after drying the samples are left to cool for at least 20 to 30 minutes in the laboratory area where

comminution is carried out

• samples that contain particles larger than 10mm are crushed through a laboratory crusher to reduce

the maximum particle size to 50mm, in crushing stages as many times as necessary until the full sample passes 10mm.

• during crushing of the sample, laboratory personnel makes use of the required protective clothing.

• in between samples, the crusher is vacuum cleaned, and any remaining dust is removed by compressed

air and, if relevant, the jaw crusher aperture is minimised.

• the full sample which weighs approximately 1.5kg to 2kg, is put into a LM5 ring mill pulveriser that

operates with a 22kg pulverising puck.

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• at the start of each batch of samples, the pulveriser is cleaned with a barren quartz wash.

• in between samples, the pulverised is vacuum cleaned and any remaining dust is removed by

compressed air,

• pulverisation is carried out until 90% of the sample passes through a 75 µm screen.

•.during pulverising of the sample, laboratory personnel make use of the required protective clothing.

• after pulverising, a sample is manually scooped out of the pulveriser bowl by using a paper sample

packet as a scoop, with two or three scoops usually needed to fill a 200 gram paper sample packet.

• the sample remainder (residue) is replaced in the calico bag and stored for three months at the

laboratory before being discarded,

• a bar code number is allocated to the sample by the computerised in-house laboratory management

system and printed on a sticker that is attached to the sample packet.

• the packet is stored at 90°C (and therefore desiccated) until a portion of the sample is weighed from

the packet using a balance with a read-out display showing 3 decimal places.

• the target weight of the sub-sample is 0.4g and the actual weight, accepted with a 10% tolerance, is

stored in the computerised in-house laboratory management system.

• the sample is subjected to a hot mixed-acid total digest consisting of three heating stages and using

four acids (HClO4, HCl, HNO3, HF).

• unless the analytical Submission Sheet specifies different requirements, the elements Sn, W, As, Cu, Zn,

Fe, S are determined using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy method (ICPOES).

• the laboratory internal quality system generates assay batches of 30 samples containing 2 random pulp

duplicate samples and 2 duplicate samples.

• a blank is run at the start of every job and after each series of 90 samples.

• the automatic ICPOES machine carries out at least one calibration measurement, using six reference

materials including in-house reference materials manufactured from company sample rejects, during each batch,

• if incorrect results are suspected, a decision to partially or fully re-run the ICP batch is taken.

• samples which return unexpected high values are routinely re-assayed, and

• assay results are sent to the company in the form of Excel spreadsheets ready for validation and

insertion into the database, and in the form of paper print-outs.

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PROCEDURE 13: LABORATORY SAMPLE PREPARATION PROTOCOL

PROCEDURE AGREED

WITH LAB REGARDING....

Analytical Methods

Pulverising Reporting

Sample Sieving

Sample Drying

Sample Crushing

Sample Splitting

Method Of Digest

Blanks, Standards & Duplicates

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Complete Analytical Submission Sheet (P 11)

Sample Rejects

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PROCEDURE 14 SURVEYING OF DRILL HOLE LOCATIONS RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the accurate location of drill hole collar positions. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

The accuracy of drill hole collar survey data is an important factor in a resource estimation study or a banker’s due diligence investigation. The responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling operations shall ensure that:

• before drilling is started, the position of the collar as given in the coordinates of the grid system that is

being used, is checked against the map and against at least one survey peg.

• the services of a licensed surveyor are used to verify the collar locations of the drill holes (if possible,

against a fixed National Survey Mark).

• the field technique used for mapping the drill hole locations is clearly described in the surveyor’s

report.

• the accuracy of the technique in the horizontal and the vertical planes are clearly stated in the

surveyor’s report,

• if the collar locations are verified against a digital terrain map (DTM), the accuracy of the DTM in the

horizontal and the vertical planes are stated, and also if these have been verified against a National Survey Mark, and

• if a Digital-GPS based survey system is used, the accuracy level as reported by the manufacturer of the

equipment and the confidence level of the statistical estimate used, are clearly stated in the surveyor’s report.

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PROCEDURE 14: SURVEYING OF DRILL HOLE LOCATIONS

ENSURE

Accuracy of Technique Reported

Field Technique Used is Described

Accuracy ofEquipment

Reported

Collar Checked Before Drilling

Licensed Surveyor Used

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

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PROCEDURE 15 SAMPLING FOR ROCK DENSITY RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the accurate measurement of the rock density at the tin deposit under exploration. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

Lack of rock density data is a common negative factor in a resource estimation study or a banker’s due diligence investigation. The responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drilling operations shall ensure that:

• the rock density of the major rock types is established on a number of selected pieces of core that are

carefully sawn with a water-lubricated diamond saw (or, if relevant, cut by hand with a suitable cutting tool) into tube-shaped portions, with the ends as close as possible to a ‘square cut’ and taking care that no portion of the tube-shaped portion is lost, and each tube-shaped portion is put into separate plastic bags for dispatch to the laboratory.

• care is taken that the tube-shaped samples of drill core do not contain any cavities or vughs, and if the

portions consist of porous material, the laboratory carrying out the rock density measurements is requested to apply a wax coating to the core portions before measurements are carried out.

• if density measurements are possible inside a trench or a trial pit, accurate measurements are done of

a number of rock samples using the sand replacement method according to Australian Standard AS 1289.5.3.1-1993 for fine-grained and medium grained soils.

• if density measurements are done according to Australian Standard AS 1289.5.3.1-1993, they are

carried out by a person who is properly trained to take the measurements according to this standard.

• if density measurements are done according to Australian Standard AS 1289.5.3.1-1993, the related

calibration of the sample kits, excavation of the sample, measurements of soil moisture and the calculation of dry densities are carried out by, or under the supervision of, the same trained person.

• if density measurements are possible inside a trench or trial pit, additional accurate measurements

may be done of a number of rock samples using the Nuclear Densometer method according to Australian Standard AS 1289.5.8.1-1995.

• if density measurements are done according to Australian Standard AS 1289.5.8.1-1995, the related

calibration of the nuclear surface moisture-density gauge, excavation of the probe test hole, measurements of soil moisture and calculation of the moisture correction factors and dry densities, are carried out by, or under the supervision of, the same licensed person, and

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• if density measurements are done using a ‘Caldweld’ bucket drilling rig, the corrected dry density is

calculated according to the formula d = m / v where d = corrected dry density, m = weight of the wet sample in kg, v = volume of the wet sample in m³, * volume v, is calculated using a measuring tape to obtain the length of the sample down the hole and using the nominal hole diameter. * weight m, is corrected for moisture with the average moisture content of the samples taken as 5kg moisture per 500kg material, and * the drilling, sampling and weighting of the sample, using a calibrated digital scale with a read-out showing kilograms with an accuracy of 2 decimals, is continuously checked by a geologist.

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PROCEDURE 15: SAMPLING FOR ROCK DENSITY

ENSURE Nuclear Densometer

Method is to AS1289.5.8.1-1995

Wax Coating on Porous Lithologies

‘Caldwell’ Corrected Dry Density d=m/v

Core Prepared Correctly

No Cavities or Vughs

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Sand Replacement Method is to

AS1289.5.3.1-1993

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PROCEDURE 16 PHOTOGRAPHING DIAMOND DRILL CORE RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for obtaining a representative photographic record of diamond drill core. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

It is advantageous to retain an unambiguous record of the geology and lithology intersected by diamond drill holes. It is best to carry out the photographing of the core as soon as possible after the hole has been completed, but after full mark up of the core. The responsible person for the day to day supervision of the drill core logging shall ensure that:

• the core shall be photographed in a clean (washed) but intact and undisturbed state, prior to logging,

sampling or sawing of the core, both ‘wet’ and ‘dry’.

• a full photographic record of all diamond drill core, as stored in the original core tray, is obtained.

• a suitable digital camera with a lens suitable for obtaining full-frame photographs from a minimum

distance of approximately one metre is used.

• a graduated scale card is clearly visible on all photographs.

• if it is important that the true colours of the materials shown in the photographs can be judged from

the picture, or if an additional check for possible exposure problems is to be included, it is recommended to show a relevant page of a Soil Colour Chart (for example, the standard GSA Soil Colour Chart) as the reference card.

• the hole number, ‘from depth’, ‘to depth’ and core tray number, as marked on the core tray, is clearly

visible on all photographs.

• the ‘date drilled’ and ‘date photographed’ are also marked on the core tray and are clearly visible on all

photographs.

• photographing takes place in adequate lighting conditions, preferably outside a shaded core yard in a

place with sunshine but during the period from early morning to mid-morning, or in mid-afternoon, avoiding harsh light from a sun that is directly overhead or angled late afternoon sunlight with unsuitable colouring conditions.

• each full frame photograph should ideally contain the picture of a full core tray, angled from above and

fully exposed to sunlight so that shadows on the core are avoided.

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• the completion of the taking of the photographic record is recorded on the last page of the Drill Hole

Geology Log.

• if necessary, close-ups of specific features may be added, provided they also include a clearly visible

title board and scale card.

• the location of each close-up photographs, with a brief description, is marked next to the relevant drill

hole intersection, on the Drill Hole Geology Log.

• two prints are obtained of each frame.

• for each drill hole, one complete set of photographs is stored in a suitable file system, as a back-up at

Head Office, and the other complete sets of photographs is kept for use at the base camp, and

• halved core should be re-photographed after sawing, freshly sawn face up.

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PROCEDURE 16: PHOTOGRAPHING DIAMOND CORE

Prints & Digital copies Digital Copies Only

ENSURE

Photographic Record on Geology Log

Halved Core Re-Photographed

SLR or Good Quality HD Camera is Used

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Head Office Field Camp

Hole Number, Date & Depth Visible

Core Cleaned & Undisturbed

Full Core Photographed Before Sawing

If Necessary-Soil Colour Chart Shown

Scale Card Visible on All Photos

Adequate Lighting

Process Digital Images and Make Both Digital and Print Copies.

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PROCEDURE 17 DATA HANDLING, REPORTING AND VALIDATION RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the accurate recording and storage of assay data. RESPONSIBILITY Database Manager SIGN OFF Senior Resource Geologist

When the assay results are received from the laboratory, they need to be carefully scrutinised before they may be accepted as valid and stored in the database. This is done at Head Office by personnel specifically assigned to the data validation process. Validation includes checking the results from standards, blanks and duplicate samples and the occurrence of outliers or extreme values. All data must go through the validation process before it may be entered into the database. Only one central validated database exists at Head Office, and local databases that exist in the field may not be used to update the central database. The responsible person for checking the analytical results received from the laboratory shall ensure that:

• assay results are received from the analytical laboratory, by email or on CD, in the form of Excel

spreadsheets (chemical analysis data files).

• a printed original signed copy of the chemical analysis data sheets, as received from the analytical

laboratory, are filed.

• the Drill Hole Geology Logs, the relevant data from the Sample Register and the relevant assay data are

plotted together on drill hole sections, compared and validated.

• the validity of each laboratory analysis is checked, extreme values or outlier values are considered and

compared with the Drill Hole Geology Log and the Sample Register and, if necessary, after communication with the analytical laboratory, samples are re-analysed, treated or removed from the database.

• a basic descriptive statistical analysis of the assay values of the key economic elements, sampling

intersection length and moisture % is carried out , unless the number of samples is less than 100 samples; if this is the case the samples are combined with the next batch received from the laboratory before the descriptive statistical analysis is done; the statistical analysis provides values for, as relevant, the arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, coefficients of variation, and minimum and maximum values, and these are used as a first check whether a mix-up of sample numbers may have occurred.

• further statistical analysis includes scatter plots, QQ-plots, regression line trends and correlation

coefficients of field duplicate sample s and laboratory pulp repeats.

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• the results of the statistical analysis are used to judge whether the repeatability of field duplicate

samples is acceptable (check for sampling precision).

• the results of the statistical analysis are used to judge whether the repeatability of pulp duplicate

samples is acceptable (additional check for sampling precision and laboratory bias).

• the validated assay data file is flagged as correct in the Database Validation Register, with mention of

the date this is done and the name and initials of the responsible person.

• a final check is done that the validated assay data file is correctly formatted and is then entered into

the computer database in its entirety, and

• regular computer backups are done according to Procedure 20 ‘Standard back-ups of the computerised

drill hole database’.

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PROCEDURE 17: DATA HANDLING, REPORTING AND VALIDATION

ENSURE

Validity of Lab Analysis Checked

Data File Loaded

Results in Excel File Format

Drill Sections Constructed

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Validated Assay Data File Flagged

Descriptive

Statistical Analysis

Regular Computer Back Ups (P 20)

Printed Original Signed Copy Filed

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PROCEDURE 18 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the prevention of unnecessary environmental damage and the rehabilitation and revegetation of the land during and after exploration activities. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

When an exploration or a mining project is finished, the land surface has to be rehabilitated and left in a condition suitable for natural revegetation. The damage to the environment is greatly minimised if a number of simple rules are followed during the course of the exploration and drilling programme. Prior to the start of the field operations, the responsible person for the project, or a portion of the project, shall ensure that: with regard to vehicle tracks and grid lines:

• a basic field map of the area is defined, showing all existing station tracks or existing grid lines that have

already been cleared.

• all vehicles stay as much as possible on existing tracks and grid lines to avoid damage to the vegetation

and the soil profile as well as unnecessary soil compaction, and no short cuts through the bush are taken where alternative tracks or grid lines exist.

• when land is cleared or existing tracks are modified, sufficient communication with the landowner or

pastoralist exists, to ensure that preferred options of access are selected.

• all vehicles avoid unnecessary damage to existing tracks and grid lines when ground conditions are

damp or wet, and damaged tracks are repaired as soon as possible.

• when new grid lines are to be cleared or new tracks are established, unnecessary damage is avoided to

vegetation and to areas sensitive to rapid erosion such as watercourses and dunes.

• the maximum width of grid lines is near to the minimum width required for the passage of drilling

equipment.

• cleared vegetation is pushed into windrows for respreading if required.

• where grid lines enter from main roads, an ‘angled entrance’ is used so that the entire length of the

grid line is not visible from the main road.

• permission is obtained from the landowner or pastoralist if a grid line passes through an existing fence

line, and

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• a vegetation barrier is erected at the start of the grid line to prevent access by vehicles, when a grid line

is no longer used after it has been rehabilitated. with regard to the clearing of bush:

• clearing is undertaken using a scrub above the surface to prevent damage to the soil micro flora and to

minimise surface erosion.

• areas that are cleared by mistake, are immediately recovered with stockpiled vegetation.

• no clearing takes place during wet conditions and evaluation contour lines are followed as much as

possible to avoid the creation of unvegetated steep slopes.

• clearing between pegs avoids established vegetation as much as possible.

• no clearing of established trees (over 4m in height) occurs unless part of a resource drill out.

with regard to drillholes:

• all discarded drilling parts, consumables or materials or materials are removed from the drill site by the

contract drilling crew as soon as the drill hole has been completed.

• plastic casing is removed from the drill site as soon as possible after the drill hole has been completed.

• all sample bags stored at the drill site are stored at a sample farm as soon as possible after the drill hole

has been completed, and

• all completed drill holes are plugged with concrete plugs of a type approved by the Department of

Mines. with regard to trenches, adits and trial pits:

• all trenches and trial pits are rehabilitated in a manner as specified in the Notice of Intent accepted by

the department of Mines.

• care is taken that no hydrocarbon oil spills occur from vehicles or tanks, and that any leakage or

spillage of paint is avoided, and if so, contaminated soil is removed and disposed of by the part responsible, and

• all non-organic rubbish is removed from each trench or trial pit area, or all non-organic rubbish is

treated according to what is stipulated by the relevant environmental regulation or law regarding environmental rehabilitation.

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PROCEDURE 18: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

All Drill Holes Plugged

No Clearing of Trees > 1m

All Non-Organic Rubbish Removed

Sample Bags Stored at Sample farm

ENSURE

Communication With Landowner

Grid Line From Road Angled

Field Maps Defined

Damaged Tracks Repaired

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Cleared Vegetation Saved & Re-Spread

Minimum Width Possible Cleared

Vegetation Barrier at Start of Grid Line

Vehicles Stay on Tracks

Clearing of Brush

Drill Holes Trenches, Adits & Trial Pits

Rehabilitated as per NOI

All Consumables Removed From Site

Scrub Rake Used

Elevation Contour Lines Followed

Plastic Casing Removed From Site

Contaminated Soil

Removed

No Clearing in Wet Conditions

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PROCEDURE 19 SAMPLING, PROCESSING, DISPATCH AND STORING OF SAMPLES CONTAINING POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a protocol for sampling, handling, dispatch and storage of samples containing potentially hazardous materials. RESPONSIBILITY Project Geologist/Field Supervisor SIGN OFF Exploration Manager

During the drilling of tin and other deposits it is possible that radioactive (uraniferous) minerals may be encountered. In drilling in Nickel deposits, particularly laterites, fibrous serpentine minerals may be found. Radioactive minerals may give off gamma radiation in addition to alpha and beta particles, which like airborne asbestos fibres present a potential hazard to health (through ingestion into the lungs), and the occurrence of any radioactive or fibrous minerals, encountered during drilling or trial pit operations should be treated with extreme caution. The responsible person for the day to day supervision of the operations should:

• establish whether the occurrence of potentially hazardous material is limited in volume (i.e. avein, or

thin intercept).

• continuously monitor samples as they come to surface and record any potentially hazardous material

on the Drill Hole Geology Log and the Sample Register.

• stop and immediately cap any drill hole if the amount of potentially hazardous material in any one

metre sample exceeds 20% of the volume of that sample.

• advise all personnel at the drilling site of the presence of the potentially hazardous material.

• suspend drilling operations unless all people in the vicinity of the drilling rig are wearing properly fitted

P1 respirators. and shall ensure that:

• where possible, all workers on the drilling site work upwind of the cyclone and splitter.

• windows of all vehicles are closed during drilling.

• a limited number of personnel handle the sample, and that they wear rubber gloves, class P1

disposable respirators complying with AS 1716-1991, and safety spectacles.

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• the class P1 respirators are worn in an accordance with AS 1715-1991, which includes ensuring that all

staff required to wear respirators know how to fit them properly.

• logging of the drill hole is undertaken at the time of drilling.

• all crew shower and wash their hair immediately after their shift.

• any work clothes are washed daily to ensure the removal of all dust particles.

• eating, drinking and smoking are not permitted unless drilling operations have ceased and all personnel

have washed their faces and hands.

• any large plastic sample bag containing the potentially hazardous material is immediately sealed and

marked as containing such.

• samples dispatched to the laboratory are clearly marked as containing the potentially hazardous

material, and

• the Sample Submission Sheet also identifies samples containing the potentially hazardous material.

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PROCEDURE 19: SAMPLING, PROCESSING, DISPATCH AND STORING OF SAMPLES CONTAINING POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

ENSURE

All Work Clothes Washed

Advise All Personnel No Eating/Drinking/

Smoking

Respirators Are Worn

All Crew Shower at Shift End

RESPONSIBLE PERSON MUST...

Establish Occurrence of Material

Continuously Monitor Samples

Hole is Sealed & Marked

Nature of Materials on Submission Sheet

Stop Hole if Material Exceeds > 20%

Safety Clothing Worn

All Personnel are Upwind of Cyclone

Hole is Logged When Drilled

Vehicle Windows are closed

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PROCEDURE 20 STANDARD BACKUPS OF THE COMPUTERISED DRILL HOLE DATABASE RELEASE DATE July 2014 OBJECTIVE Establish and maintain a standardised system for the timely backup of the computerised drill hole database. RESPONSIBILITY Database Manager SIGN OFF Senior Resource Geologist

The geological and assay database is the main intellectual asset of the Company, upon which most investment decisions are made. It is therefore imperative that the integrity and accuracy of the database is kept at the highest standard possible at all times. The database is stored on a local hard drive/SSD with access granted to the database manager, senior resource geologist and resource geologists. The database is copied on a weekly, or on an as is basis, to the public network drive, where all exploration department geologists may have access to the data. The IT department backs up the local and network drives that house the database, on a daily basis. Reports are received by the Database Manager on the success (or otherwise) of the daily backup. If the backup has failed, or it is otherwise deemed to be unsatisfactory, the database is recorded onto a CD/DVD/BDR (depending on size), and held in the exploration department. In periods where there are large volumes of data being added to the database, additional copies need to be backed up onto hard media daily, or at least twice weekly. The database manager shall ensure that:

• The database is copied on a weekly (or on an as required basis) to the public network drive.

• in the event of a backup failure notification, the database should be recorded onto hard media as soon

as possible,

• in times of large volumes of data being added to the database, the database is recorded on to hard

media on a daily or twice weekly basis as deemed necessary.

• the database is recorded onto hard media and digital media prior to transfer of data to site, equipment

change, or other hardware modifications, and

• a copy of the database, current to within a week of any given date, is held “off site”.

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PROCEDURE 20: STANDARD BACKUPS OF THE COMPUTERISED DRILL HOLE DATABASE

ENSURE

Database copied weekly-to public

drive

DATABASE MANAGER MUST...

Database onto CD/DVD/BDR when transferred to site

Up to date Database Stored Offsite

Backup systems and Multiple copies on

hard media

Database onto CD/DVD/BDR prior

to equipment / hardware change

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Document compiled July 2014. Author/Editor: Dr N.G. Le Boutillier. This version 20/10/2014. Revision Version 1.00