mineral identification. anticipation guide #2 1) rocks cannot be made of organic material 1) rocks...
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Anticipation Guide #2 1) Rocks cannot be made of organic
material 2) Luster is classified as metallic and
non-metallic 3) Scientist use tests to identify
minerals 4) Minerals that make up rocks can
be mined as ores 5) A liquid or gas can be classified as
a mineral
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VA SOL
ES 4 The student will investigate and understand how to identify major rock-forming and ore minerals based on physical and chemical properties. Key concepts include a. properties including hardness,
color and streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, and unique properties; and.
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Objective
3 Define chemical and physical properties of minerals to include luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, streak, color, specific gravity, and special traits.
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Enduring Understanding
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
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Mineral Identification
With more than 3,000 minerals in Earth’s crust how does one go about identifying an unknown mineral?
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Mineral Identification Geologists rely on several simple tests
that are based on a mineral’s physical and chemical properties. It is usually best to use a combination of tests rather than just one to identify minerals
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Mineral Properties Color is one of the most noticeable but
least reliable characteristics
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Mineral Properties
Sometimes caused by the presence of trace elements or compounds
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Mineral Properties Streak is the color of the mineral when it
is broken up into a powder and is a much more reliable identification method because it rarely changes
Both of these samples are hematite; both have a reddish-brown streak
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Mineral Properties Streak is easily determined by rubbing
the mineral across an unglazed porcelain plate
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Mineral Properties Streak is used to distinguish pyrite from
gold
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Mineral Properties
Streak is used to distinguish pyrite from gold
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Mineral Properties Luster is the way a mineral reflects light
from its surface and is caused by differences in mineral chemical compositions
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Mineral Properties
Either metallic or nonmetallic (dull, pearly, waxy, silky)
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Mineral Properties Texture describes how a mineral feels to
the touch Rough, smooth, ragged, greasy, soapy,
glassy
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Mineral Properties Hardness is a measure of how easily a
mineral can be scratched and is determined by the arrangement of it’s atoms.
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Mineral Properties The Mohs hardness scale is used to
compare a sample to the hardness of ten known minerals
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Mineral Properties Cleavage determines whether a mineral
will split easily and evenly along one or more flat planes
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Mineral Properties Mica has perfect cleavage in one
direction
Halite has cubic cleavage (3 planes)
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Mineral Properties Fracture means the mineral is tightly
bonded and breaks with rough or jagged edges Quartz has fracture
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Mineral Properties Specific Gravity compares the weight of
the mineral to an equal volume of water at 4 degrees C
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Mineral Properties Special Properties such as light
reflection and reactions to acids are also useful tools
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Mineral Properties Calcite fizzles when in contact with
HCl
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Mineral Properties Calcite also can cause double images
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Mineral Properties Magnetite will attract iron
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Mineral Properties Sulfur produces a rotten egg odor