minerals 2.3

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Minerals Minerals Are Valuable Resources Are Valuable Resources CH 2.3, pages 60-66 CH 2.3, pages 60-66

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mineral uses

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Page 1: Minerals 2.3

MineralsMinerals Are Valuable Resources Are Valuable Resources

CH 2.3, pages 60-66CH 2.3, pages 60-66

Page 2: Minerals 2.3

Minerals have many uses in Minerals have many uses in industryindustry

Metals for cars and airplanesMetals for cars and airplanes Quartz and feldspar for glassQuartz and feldspar for glass Fluorite and calcite for toothpasteFluorite and calcite for toothpaste Silver compounds for photographic Silver compounds for photographic

filmfilm Mica and talc for paintMica and talc for paint

Page 3: Minerals 2.3

Minerals have many uses in the Minerals have many uses in the artsarts

Birthstones are beautiful gemstones; this Birthstones are beautiful gemstones; this tradition is hundreds of years old.tradition is hundreds of years old.

Gemstones are cut, polished and ground Gemstones are cut, polished and ground to increase beauty and sparkle.to increase beauty and sparkle.

Metals such as gold and silver are used in Metals such as gold and silver are used in jewelry making. They are usually jewelry making. They are usually combined with copper to increase combined with copper to increase hardness.hardness.

Page 4: Minerals 2.3

Minerals form when….Minerals form when…. Water evaporates- Water evaporates- When salt When salt

water evaporates the atoms that water evaporates the atoms that form halite join to form crystals. form halite join to form crystals. Gypsum also forms when water Gypsum also forms when water evaporates. evaporates.

Page 5: Minerals 2.3

Minerals form when….Minerals form when…. Hot water cools- Hot water cools- As As

hot water within the hot water within the crust moves through crust moves through rocks, it can dissolve rocks, it can dissolve minerals. When it minerals. When it cools, the minerals cools, the minerals separate from water separate from water and become solid and become solid again. Gold and lead again. Gold and lead are formed from this are formed from this process. process.

Page 6: Minerals 2.3

Minerals form when….Minerals form when…. Molten rock cools- Molten rock cools-

Many minerals grow from Many minerals grow from magmamagma. Magma . Magma contains all the types of contains all the types of atoms that are found in atoms that are found in minerals. As magma minerals. As magma cools, minerals form.cools, minerals form. Minerals also form when Minerals also form when lava lava cools. Quartz is a cools. Quartz is a mineral that forms from mineral that forms from molten rock cooling. molten rock cooling.

Page 7: Minerals 2.3

Minerals form when….Minerals form when….

Heat and pressure cause changes- Heat and pressure cause changes- Heat and pressure within Earth cause new Heat and pressure within Earth cause new minerals to form as bonds between atoms minerals to form as bonds between atoms break and join again. Carbon forms break and join again. Carbon forms graphite, which is used in pencils, in this graphite, which is used in pencils, in this way. way.

Page 8: Minerals 2.3

Minerals form when….Minerals form when….

Organisms produce Organisms produce minerals- minerals- A few A few minerals are formed minerals are formed from living things. from living things. Oysters and clams Oysters and clams produce calcite. Your produce calcite. Your body produces one of body produces one of the main minerals in the main minerals in your bones and teeth—your bones and teeth—apatite. apatite.

Page 9: Minerals 2.3

Many minerals are mined.Many minerals are mined. Before minerals can Before minerals can

be used to make be used to make products, they must products, they must be removed from the be removed from the ground. Some are ground. Some are near the surface, near the surface, others are deep others are deep within. Some are within. Some are found at a wide range found at a wide range of depths. of depths.

Minerals are only Minerals are only mined if the rock mined if the rock contains enough contains enough oreore. .

Page 10: Minerals 2.3

Surface MiningSurface Mining Minerals at or near the surface are Minerals at or near the surface are

collected by surface mining. collected by surface mining.

Page 11: Minerals 2.3

Surface MiningSurface Mining Gold is very dense. It can build up in Gold is very dense. It can build up in

riverbeds and be carried by water. In riverbeds and be carried by water. In a process called a process called panningpanning, miners use , miners use a pan to wash away unwanted a pan to wash away unwanted minerals that are less dense. minerals that are less dense.

Page 12: Minerals 2.3

Surface MiningSurface Mining Strip miningStrip mining is is

another method of another method of surface mining in surface mining in which miners strip which miners strip away plants, soil away plants, soil and unwanted rocks and unwanted rocks from the Earth’s from the Earth’s surface with special surface with special machinery. machinery.

Page 13: Minerals 2.3

Surface MiningSurface Mining Open-pit miningOpen-pit mining is is

similar to strip similar to strip mining. They go mining. They go one step further, one step further, though, and use though, and use explosives to explosives to remove underlying remove underlying rock. Copper and rock. Copper and iron ores are iron ores are mined in this way. mined in this way.

Page 14: Minerals 2.3

Deep MiningDeep Mining When ores lie deep When ores lie deep

beneath the Earth’s beneath the Earth’s surface, deep mining surface, deep mining is utilized. Here is utilized. Here miners dig a deep miners dig a deep passage and then passage and then blast, drill or cut the blast, drill or cut the ore. Deep mining is ore. Deep mining is a very a very dangerousdangerous endeavor. endeavor.

Page 15: Minerals 2.3

Deep MiningDeep Mining

Page 16: Minerals 2.3